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- Hi. My name's Jenny Martin

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and I'm the Director of Cybersecurity

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Investigations at Symantec.

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Today cybercrime causes huge problems

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for society.

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Personally, financially, and even

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in matters of national security.

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Just in the last few years,

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hundreds of millions[br]of credit card numbers

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have been stolen.

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Tens of millions of[br]social security numbers

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and health care records were compromised.

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Even nuclear centrifuges have been hacked

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and unmanned aerial[br]drones have been hijacked.

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This is all done by[br]exploiting vulnerabilities

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in hardware and software.

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Or more often by taking advantage of

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unintentional decisions made by the people

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using the software.

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The people committing these cybercrimes

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don't fit a single profile or motivation.

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It could be anyone from an[br]international terrorist,

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to a teenager competing[br]for bragging rights.

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Today, the largest countries not only

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have a regular army, but also have

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a well-armed cyber army.

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In fact, the next world war may not

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be fought with traditional weapons

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but with computers, used to shut down

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national water supplies, energy grids,

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and transportation systems.

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- Hi. My name is Parisa

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and I'm Google's Security Princess.

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I've worked on a lot of[br]different Google products

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in a lot of different ways[br]to try and make our software

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as secure as possible.

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Now let's take a look at how cybercrime

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works under the hood.

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We'll learn about software viruses,

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denial-of-service attacks,[br]and phishing scams.

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In biology in life, a virus is an organism

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that is spread by coughing, sneezing,

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or physical contact.

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Viruses work by infecting cells,

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injecting their genetic material

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and using those cells to replicate.

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They can make people really sick

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and then spread to other people.

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A computer virus works a bit similarly.

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A virus is an executable program

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that gets installed,[br]usually unintentionally,

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and harms a user and their computer.

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It's also possible for[br]a virus to spread itself

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to other computers.

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Now how does a virus get on your computer

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in the first place?

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There are couple ways an attacker

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can infect someone's computer.

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They might lure a victim[br]into installing a program

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with deception about[br]the program's purpose.

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So for example, a lot[br]of viruses are disguised

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as security updates.

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It's also possible that the[br]software on your computer

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has a vulnerability.

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So an attacker can install itself

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without even needing explicit permission.

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Once a virus in on your computer

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it can steal or delete any of your files,

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control other programs,[br]or even allow someone else

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to remotely control your computer.

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Using computer viruses,[br]hackers can take over

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millions of computers worldwide.

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And then use them as a digital army,

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otherwise known as a botnet,

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to attack and take down websites.

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This kind of attack is called

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a distributed denial-of-service.

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A denial-of-service is when hackers

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overwhelm a website[br]with too many requests.

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We call it a distributed denial-of-service

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when the attack comes from many computers

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all at once.

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Most websites are ready to respond

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to millions of requests a day,

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but if you hit them with[br]billions or trillions

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of requests coming from different places,

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the computers are overloaded[br]and stop responding.

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- Another trick used by cybercriminals

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is to send large amounts of spam email

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in an attempt to trick people

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into sharing sensitive[br]personal information.

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This is called a phishing scam.

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A phishing scam is when you get

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what seems like a trustworthy email

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asking you to login to your account,

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but clicking the email[br]takes you to a fake website.

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If you login anyway, you've been tricked

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into giving your password away.

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Hackers can then use[br]your login credentials

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to access your real accounts

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to steal information, or maybe even

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to steal your money.

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Fortunately there are many companies,

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laws, and government organizations

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working to make the internet safer.

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But these efforts are not enough.

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You may think when a[br]computer system gets hacked,

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the problem was the security design,

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or the software.

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90% of the time a system[br]gets hacked however,

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it's not because of a security bug,

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but because of a simple[br]mistake made by a human.

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- It turns out there are[br]steps we can all take

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to protect ourselves.

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Often, your actions not only impact

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the security of your[br]own data and computer,

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but the security of everyone

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at your school, workplace, and home.

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With billions or trillions[br]of dollars at stake,

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cybercriminals get smarter each year,

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and we all need to keep up.