0:00:00.300,0:00:02.341
I was only four years old

0:00:02.365,0:00:05.276
when I saw my mother[br]load a washing machine

0:00:05.300,0:00:07.482
for the very first time in her life.

0:00:07.943,0:00:09.919
That was a great day for my mother.

0:00:10.431,0:00:13.276
My mother and father[br]had been saving money for years

0:00:13.300,0:00:15.340
to be able to buy that machine,

0:00:15.364,0:00:17.410
and the first day it was going to be used,

0:00:17.434,0:00:20.573
even Grandma was invited[br]to see the machine.

0:00:20.597,0:00:21.733
(Laughter)

0:00:21.757,0:00:24.276
And Grandma was even more excited.

0:00:24.300,0:00:28.600
Throughout her life, she had been[br]heating water with firewood,

0:00:28.624,0:00:32.634
and she had hand-washed laundry[br]for seven children.

0:00:32.658,0:00:37.686
And now, she was going to watch[br]electricity do that work.

0:00:38.300,0:00:42.551
My mother carefully opened the door,

0:00:42.575,0:00:46.004
and she loaded the laundry[br]into the machine,

0:00:47.035,0:00:48.227
like this.

0:00:48.251,0:00:50.452
And then, when she closed the door,

0:00:50.476,0:00:52.276
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no!

0:00:52.300,0:00:55.300
Let me! Let me push the button!"

0:00:55.324,0:00:56.336
(Laughter)

0:00:56.360,0:00:58.982
And Grandma pushed the button,

0:00:59.006,0:01:01.561
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!

0:01:01.585,0:01:05.347
I want to see this! Give me a chair![br]Give me a chair! I want to see it,"

0:01:05.371,0:01:08.102
and she sat down in front of the machine,

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and she watched[br]the entire washing program.

0:01:11.741,0:01:12.743
(Laughter)

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She was mesmerized.

0:01:14.618,0:01:19.046
To my grandmother,[br]the washing machine was a miracle.

0:01:19.966,0:01:23.398
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,

0:01:23.422,0:01:27.158
people are using[br]so many different machines.

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Look -- the homes are full of machines.

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I can't even name them all.

0:01:31.300,0:01:34.783
And they also, when they want to travel,

0:01:34.807,0:01:36.971
they use flying machines

0:01:36.995,0:01:39.663
that can take them to remote destinations.

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And yet, in the world,

0:01:40.936,0:01:44.720
there are so many people[br]who still heat the water on fire,

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and they cook their food on fire.

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Sometimes they don't even[br]have enough food.

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And they live below the poverty line.

0:01:52.300,0:01:55.161
There are two billion fellow human beings

0:01:55.185,0:01:57.892
who live on less than two dollars a day.

0:01:57.916,0:02:01.051
And the richest people over there --[br]there's one billion people,

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and they live above[br]what I call the "air line" --

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(Laughter)

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because they spend[br]more than 80 dollars a day

0:02:08.947,0:02:10.840
on their consumption.

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But this is just one, two,[br]three billion people,

0:02:13.537,0:02:16.328
and obviously, there are[br]seven billion people in the world,

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so there must be one, two,[br]three, four billion people more

0:02:19.849,0:02:23.027
who live in between[br]the poverty and the air line.

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They have electricity,

0:02:24.820,0:02:27.570
but the question is:[br]How many have washing machines?

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I've done the scrutiny of market data,[br]and I've found that, indeed,

0:02:33.145,0:02:36.717
the washing machine[br]has penetrated below the air line,

0:02:36.741,0:02:39.994
and today, there's an additional[br]one billion people out there

0:02:40.018,0:02:42.276
who live above the "wash line."

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(Laughter)

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And they consume[br]for more than 40 dollars per day.

0:02:48.369,0:02:51.107
So two billion have access[br]to washing machines.

0:02:51.131,0:02:54.058
And the remaining five billion --

0:02:54.082,0:02:55.348
how do they wash?

0:02:55.372,0:02:56.978
Or, to be more precise,

0:02:57.002,0:03:00.349
how do most of the women[br]in the world wash?

0:03:00.373,0:03:03.584
Because it remains the hard work[br]for women to wash.

0:03:04.329,0:03:06.390
They wash like this: by hand.

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It's hard, time-consuming labor,

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which they have to do[br]for hours every week.

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And sometimes they also have[br]to bring water from far away

0:03:18.133,0:03:19.562
to do the laundry at home,

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or they have to bring the laundry[br]away to a stream far off.

0:03:23.172,0:03:25.348
And they want the washing machine.

0:03:25.927,0:03:29.580
They don't want to spend[br]such a large part of their life

0:03:29.604,0:03:30.967
doing this hard work

0:03:30.991,0:03:33.449
with so relatively low productivity.

0:03:34.092,0:03:36.304
And there's nothing[br]different in their wish

0:03:36.328,0:03:38.019
than it was for my grandma.

0:03:38.043,0:03:40.388
Look here, two generations[br]ago in Sweden --

0:03:40.412,0:03:42.276
picking water from the stream,

0:03:42.300,0:03:45.145
heating with firewood[br]and washing like that.

0:03:45.169,0:03:48.151
They want the washing machine[br]in exactly the same way.

0:03:48.175,0:03:51.495
But when I lecture[br]to environmentally concerned students,

0:03:51.519,0:03:55.622
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world[br]cannot have cars and washing machines."

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How can we tell this woman

0:03:57.923,0:04:00.489
that she isn't going[br]to have a washing machine?

0:04:00.513,0:04:03.925
And then I ask my students --[br]over the last two years, I've asked --

0:04:03.949,0:04:05.973
"How many of you don't use a car?"

0:04:05.997,0:04:09.838
And some of them proudly raise their hand[br]and say, "I don't use a car."

0:04:10.300,0:04:12.631
And then I put the really tough question:

0:04:12.655,0:04:16.568
"How many of you hand-wash[br]your jeans and your bedsheets?"

0:04:16.592,0:04:19.276
And no one raised their hand.

0:04:19.938,0:04:24.276
Even the hardcore in the green movement[br]use washing machines.

0:04:24.300,0:04:26.441
(Laughter)

0:04:27.990,0:04:30.447
So how come [this is][br]something that everyone uses

0:04:30.471,0:04:32.358
and they think others will not stop it?

0:04:32.382,0:04:33.631
What is special with this?

0:04:33.655,0:04:36.519
I had to do an analysis[br]about the energy use in the world.

0:04:36.543,0:04:37.709
Here we are.

0:04:37.733,0:04:40.249
Look here. You see[br]the seven billion people up there?

0:04:40.273,0:04:42.276
The air people, the wash people,

0:04:42.300,0:04:45.088
the bulb people and the fire people.

0:04:45.112,0:04:47.129
One unit like this

0:04:47.153,0:04:52.276
is an energy unit of fossil fuel --[br]oil, coal or gas.

0:04:52.300,0:04:55.887
That's what most of the electricity[br]and the energy in the world is.

0:04:55.911,0:04:59.030
And it's 12 units used[br]in the entire world,

0:04:59.054,0:05:01.861
and the richest one billion,[br]they use six of them.

0:05:02.300,0:05:05.653
Half of the energy is used[br]by one seventh of the world population.

0:05:05.677,0:05:07.816
And these ones, who have washing machines

0:05:07.840,0:05:09.807
but not a house full of other machines,

0:05:09.831,0:05:11.021
they use two.

0:05:11.647,0:05:13.903
This group uses three, one each.

0:05:14.529,0:05:16.101
And they also have electricity.

0:05:16.125,0:05:18.276
And over there,[br]they don't even use one each.

0:05:18.300,0:05:19.621
That makes 12 of them.

0:05:20.069,0:05:21.740
But the main concern

0:05:21.764,0:05:25.435
for the environmentally interested[br]students -- and they are right --

0:05:25.459,0:05:26.909
is about the future.

0:05:27.894,0:05:29.060
What are the trends?

0:05:29.084,0:05:32.743
If we just prolong the trends,[br]without any real advanced analysis,

0:05:32.767,0:05:33.934
to 2050,

0:05:33.958,0:05:37.086
there are two things[br]that can increase the energy use:

0:05:37.110,0:05:40.095
first, population growth;[br]second, economic growth.

0:05:40.697,0:05:44.163
Population growth will mainly occur[br]among the poorest people here,

0:05:44.187,0:05:46.025
because they have high child mortality

0:05:46.049,0:05:47.876
and they have many children per woman.

0:05:47.900,0:05:49.783
And that will get you two extra,

0:05:49.807,0:05:52.039
but that won't change[br]the energy use very much.

0:05:52.063,0:05:54.063
What will happen is economic growth.

0:05:54.087,0:05:56.843
The best of here[br]in the emerging economies --

0:05:56.867,0:05:58.566
I call them "the New East" --

0:05:58.590,0:06:00.276
they will jump the air line.

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"Wopp!" they will say.

0:06:01.963,0:06:05.398
And they will start to use as much[br]as the Old West are doing already.

0:06:05.422,0:06:06.498
(Laughter)

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And these people,[br]they want the washing machine.

0:06:08.827,0:06:10.276
I told you. They'll go there.

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And they will double their energy use.

0:06:12.154,0:06:15.278
And we hope that the poor people[br]will get into the electric light.

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And they'll get a two-child family[br]without a stop in population growth.

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But the total energy consumption[br]will increase to 22 units.

0:06:21.981,0:06:24.783
And these 22 units --

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still, the richest people[br]use most of them.

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So what needs to be done?

0:06:30.261,0:06:32.238
Because the risk,

0:06:32.262,0:06:35.005
the high probability[br]of climate change is real.

0:06:35.417,0:06:36.821
It's real.

0:06:36.845,0:06:39.612
Of course, they must be[br]more energy efficient.

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They must change[br]their behavior in some way.

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They must also start[br]to produce green energy,

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much more green energy.

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But until they have the same[br]energy consumption per person,

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they shouldn't give advice to others --

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what to do and what not to do.

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(Laughter)

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(Applause)

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Here, we can get more[br]green energy all over.

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This is what we hope might happen.

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It's a real challenge in the future.

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But I can assure you[br]that this woman in the favela in Rio,

0:07:08.059,0:07:09.828
she wants a washing machine.

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She's very happy[br]about her minister of energy

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that provided electricity to everyone --

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so happy that she even voted for her.

0:07:17.839,0:07:19.585
And she became Dilma Rousseff,

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the president-elect of one of the biggest[br]democracies in the world,

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moving from minister[br]of energy to president.

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If you have democracy,[br]people will vote for washing machines.

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They love them!

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(Laughter)

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And what's the magic with them?

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My mother explained[br]the magic with this machine

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the very, very first day.

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She said, "Now, Hans.

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We have loaded the laundry.

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The machine will make the work.

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And now we can go to the library."

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Because this is the magic:[br]you load the laundry,

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and what do you get out of the machine?

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You get books out of the machines,

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children's books.

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And mother got time to read for me.

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She loved this.

0:08:03.489,0:08:07.276
I got the "ABC's" -- this is why[br]I started my career as a professor,

0:08:07.300,0:08:09.440
when my mother had time to read for me.

0:08:09.464,0:08:11.276
And she also got books for herself.

0:08:11.300,0:08:15.055
She managed to study English[br]and learn that as a foreign language.

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And she read so many novels,

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so many different novels here.

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And we really,[br]we really loved this machine.

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(Laughter)

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And what we said, my mother and me,

0:08:27.300,0:08:29.772
"Thank you, industrialization.

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Thank you, steel mill.

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Thank you, power station.

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And thank you,[br]chemical processing industry

0:08:37.124,0:08:39.132
that gave us time to read books."

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Thank you very much.

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(Laughter)

0:08:41.503,0:08:48.503
(Applause)