[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.08,0:00:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, everybody. Welcome\Nto the Open Translation lounge
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.80,0:00:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the TED Found In Translation\Nsessions here at TEDGlobal in Scotland.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.64,0:00:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we have two speakers.\NFirst for us this week,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.24,0:00:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have An Xiao Mina,\Nwho just left the stage minutes ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.16,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Hetain Patel, who actually\Ndelivered his talk several days ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also joining us here on the stage\Nis Coco from Hong Kong,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.64,0:00:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shadia from Mauritius Island,\Nand Jan from the Czech Republic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.44,0:00:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joining us online, over here,\Nwe have Matti from Hong Kong,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jason from Hong Kong as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.68,0:00:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anna from Italy and Anja from Slovenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.44,0:00:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Hi.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.64,0:00:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Welcome. I'm going\Nto start with you, An.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.69,0:00:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fantastic talk,\Nthank you so much for joining us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.44,0:00:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your talk was all about memes\Nas a means of expression.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.72,0:00:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the examples were really highly\Nlocalised, but they're also universal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.67,0:01:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone got them immediately.\NCould you talk about that in the context
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.73,0:01:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having all these people\Nfrom around the world?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.80,0:01:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Sure. I think what's really\Ninteresting to me about Internet culture
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.08,0:01:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is if we think about Hollywood -\NI grew up partially in the Philippines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.08,0:01:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my family is Filipino-Chinese -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.56,0:01:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I remember travelling around\Nand going to the most rural areas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.60,0:01:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Philippines,\Nseeing people with Coke bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or watching Hollywood movies.\NThere's always the sense of Hollywood
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.60,0:01:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or mass media providing\Na global culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.96,0:01:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm interested in\Nis Internet culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.60,0:01:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more like a ground up version of\Nthat, it's coming from a local version.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.88,0:01:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why I used the word 'street-art',\Nor hip-hop culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.60,0:01:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm interested in how Internet culture\Ncan become this bridge culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.72,0:01:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like I can talk about\NArnold Schwarzenegger in rural Uganda,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.44,0:01:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in New York City.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.32,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just two days ago, I was talking\Nwith an Italian, an Indian and then me -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.04,0:01:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sounds like an intro to a joke,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.72,0:01:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was because we were all\Ntalking about how people in Italy, in India
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.12,0:01:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in Uganda were all filming their\Nministers of government falling asleep.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That became an Internet meme.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.68,0:02:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It suddenly became this bridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.52,0:02:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, your ministers fall asleep, too!"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.48,0:02:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, I'm interested in how\Nthis Internet culture can be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.08,0:02:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bridge culture\Nthat's driven by people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.64,0:02:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is incredibly local\Nand becomes a bridge for storytelling,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.64,0:02:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe even for global,\Ncivic engagement,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.28,0:02:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global understanding - now I know\Na little bit more about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.40,0:02:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's going on in India,\Nin a way I can relate to.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.68,0:02:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's really what I hope\Npeople really got from the talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And kind of what I'm looking at with\Nmy founding partner, Jason Li,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.16,0:02:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with our new site,\Ncalled The Civic Beat, is can this be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.12,0:02:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bridge for storytelling, and then,\Nfrom there, active engagement online.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.48,0:02:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And global understanding.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.56,0:02:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Great.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.76,0:02:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I'd like to take\Na question from the Skype crowd.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.44,0:02:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does anybody have a question\NAn to begin with?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.16,0:02:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I can start,\Nbut I don't think I have a question.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.60,0:02:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to comment on this\Nactivism side of the argument
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.52,0:02:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we recently had\Nsome protests in Slovenia
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.12,0:03:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was quite a shock because a lot\Nof people said they would be coming,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.20,0:03:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not a lot of people came.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.20,0:03:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So are memes just a form\Nof online activism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.52,0:03:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that isn't translated into public space,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.80,0:03:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, therefore, lacks some kind of\Npolitical legitimacy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.80,0:03:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for politicians and the government?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.40,0:03:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- That's a really great question.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something I've struggled with a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.32,0:03:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it does seem like\Nwe're sharing pictures of cats.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.56,0:03:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, what is this doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.32,0:03:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, one phrase I use,\Nand the reason I brought in this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.96,0:03:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essay from Havel, is this notion\Nof a ladder of engagement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.88,0:03:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to civic expression.\NIt always starts with little steps.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.52,0:03:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, certainly, many times,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.92,0:03:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see instances where\Npeople are talking a lot online.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't seem like\Nthey're engaging offline.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, then, over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.48,0:03:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of my favourite examples\Nis the sunglasses meme
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.56,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I ended the talk on,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.04,0:03:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where everyone was wearing\Nsunglasses for Chen Guangcheng.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.52,0:04:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, it seems like\Nthis is just empty expression,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.48,0:04:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not going anywhere,\Nnothing's happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.96,0:04:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, again, if you think about\Nthe context of China,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.88,0:04:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there's heavy suppression of any\Nkind of political-public assembly,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.44,0:04:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is actually reports of people\Nwearing sunglasses
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.32,0:04:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a form of flash mob\Nin physical space.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.20,0:04:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They actually went to the town where\NChen was being held,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.96,0:04:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearby where he was being held,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.64,0:04:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they assembled together,\Nand all wore sunglasses.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.72,0:04:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That became a form of\Nphysical public assembly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.36,0:04:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's hard to imagine that happening\Nwithout first the meme popping up.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.36,0:04:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it doesn't always happen that way,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.92,0:04:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's so many cases where\Nwe're seeing how a meme presages
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.52,0:04:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any kind of physical action or assembly\Nthat it's really convinced me that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.76,0:04:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it really is the beginning of\Na larger engagement.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.36,0:04:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it might be discouraging\Nat the beginning to see people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.44,0:04:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clicking and pointing, but I don't\Nwant to see that as a dichotomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.64,0:04:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to a protest wearing a button,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.60,0:04:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that meme is very much similar\Nto a button -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.04,0:04:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a form of visual expression
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.64,0:05:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've seen in all kinds of\Nsocial movements in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.60,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I'd like to bring in Hetain.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.04,0:05:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were talking yesterday\Nabout how, obviously,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.52,0:05:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,memes are a way\Nof expressing ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.64,0:05:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how language actually -\Nwe express ourselves in different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.16,0:05:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea of do we have a different\Nidentity in every language that we speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.12,0:05:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yeah, I mean, there's a lot of reasons\Nwhy you might feel as though
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.52,0:05:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have a different identity\Nwhen you speak a different language.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be due to vocabulary.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.24,0:05:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, from my personal experience,\Nif I'm speaking Gujarati,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.56,0:05:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an Indian language,\Nthere's certain things
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.32,0:05:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm used to talking about\Nin that language
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.40,0:05:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my grandmother,\Ndomestic things.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.84,0:05:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In English, I might talk about\Na whole different kind of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.60,0:05:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In French something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it might be the kind of topic\Nyou speak about,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.68,0:05:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, then, also, something\Ncomes in in the vocabulary also,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.16,0:05:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in how you think about things,\Nthrough different languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.76,0:05:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I actually think\Nit's not just language.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.72,0:05:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even with one language,\Nyou kind of change who you are,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.24,0:05:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending who you talk to anyway.\NI guess, every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.16,0:06:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're performing different\Nversions of ourselves, kind of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.92,0:06:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- One of the most popular things\NI've seen
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.72,0:06:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is Photoshop remixes of police brutality.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.72,0:06:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a meme in China\Ncalled The Fat Cop.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.28,0:06:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was a protest\Nin Shifang about pollution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.20,0:06:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's this fat cop\Nthat was hitting people.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.28,0:06:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, obviously, very frightening.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.52,0:06:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People took that cop and started\Nputting him into other images,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.08,0:06:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cos he looked like he was running, so\Nthey put him into, like, movies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.20,0:06:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he looks like he's chasing after\NTom Cruise, they put him into
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.12,0:06:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these weird images.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.64,0:06:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a really similar thing happened\Nin the United States where,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.64,0:06:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know who's from the US,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.20,0:06:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you remember the pepper\Nspraying cop, the famous cop who
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.12,0:06:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was pepper spraying students who were\Nengaging in the Occupy movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.68,0:06:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he looked like he was\Nliterally watering the plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.44,0:06:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, people took that image of him,\Nagain, a terrifying image,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.68,0:06:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they took that terror away\Nby putting it into a quantitative humour
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.05,0:07:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started Photoshopping him\Ninto images of him, like,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.36,0:07:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watering the roses,\Nor spray painting in a movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.20,0:07:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, those images, they break language.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.40,0:07:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know exactly what's going on in China,\NI know exactly what is happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.80,0:07:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if I'm looking at\Na meme that's coming from Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.52,0:07:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't speak the language,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.48,0:07:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I can see and understand it,\Nin a way, because it's a visual language,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.89,0:07:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's really compelling to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.02,0:07:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I want to bring in someone from Skype.\NAnna, I'd like to bring you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.99,0:07:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have a question for either Hetain\Nor four An Xiao Mina?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.68,0:07:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, hello.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.60,0:07:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was wondering if you think there's any\Ndifference between memes in China
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.36,0:07:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the other countries,\Njust because China Internet is censored?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.48,0:07:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I think we see a lot of creativity\Nbecause of censorship.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.64,0:07:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the talks this week were\Ntalking about how creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.80,0:07:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and innovation come out of necessity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.56,0:07:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, China has two things... China's\NInternet has two things going for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.32,0:07:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one of the\Nworld's largest Internets.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.48,0:07:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it may have recently become\Nthe world's largest Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.56,0:08:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The infrastructure is there to support\Na lot of creativity and remixing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.92,0:08:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, on the other side, it's one\Nof the world's most censored Internets.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.16,0:08:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you have these two factors.\NA lot of people can be creative online,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.52,0:08:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then their voices\Nare stamped on more often.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.68,0:08:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, recently, there were images\Nof Tiananmen Square -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.20,0:08:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you remember\Nthe infamous tank image, three tanks,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.52,0:08:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the man standing up to it -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.36,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were two images\Nthat stuck out to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.04,0:08:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One was someone had replaced\Nthe tanks with a kitten
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.24,0:08:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at the person.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.72,0:08:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And another one, they actually replaced\Nthe tanks with rubber ducks,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.80,0:08:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rubber ducks had become\Na meme earlier because
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.24,0:08:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a big rubber duck floating around\Nin Hong Kong, an art installation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.96,0:08:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, that image is incredibly,\Nincredibly censored in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.56,0:08:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by creating these other ways,\Nputting in a cat,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.32,0:08:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, what goes more viral\Non the Internet than a cat?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.44,0:08:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a way to get the message\Nout there, really quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.16,0:08:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, it got deleted pretty quickly,\Nbut it also spread pretty quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.96,0:09:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I don't want to say that\Ncreativity is different.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.52,0:09:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of my talk is that there's actually\Na lot of really similar creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.80,0:09:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the world, but, in China,\Nyou do have this element
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.40,0:09:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of censorship that compels creativity\Nin more frequent cases, at least for now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.48,0:09:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- OK, thank you.\N- I think, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.16,0:09:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've only looked at three contexts -\Nat China, a little bit of Philippines,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.16,0:09:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Uganda,\Nand then United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.68,0:09:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are some similar themes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.16,0:09:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Police brutality tends to be actually\Na similar theme across all of these areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.76,0:09:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And growing up in Los Angeles,\NI understand why that is.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.40,0:09:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw police brutality myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.68,0:09:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a frightening situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.84,0:09:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, using humour diffuses that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.88,0:09:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, it becomes a very common\Nway to express ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.72,0:09:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often people, especially in areas\Nwhere there's limited free speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.16,0:09:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people will remix images of their leaders,\Nso you see a lot of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.12,0:09:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, often, it's very local.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.88,0:10:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the more compelling memes\Ncoming out of Sub-Saharan Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.16,0:10:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I showed one,\NTweet Like A Foreign Journalist,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.48,0:10:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the Spanish Prime Minister\Nhad said...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.88,0:10:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish economy was tanking,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.40,0:10:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Spanish Prime Minister sent a text\Nmessage to his finance minister
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.40,0:10:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "Don't worry -\NSpain is not Uganda."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.32,0:10:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uganda's pounced on this. They started\Nsaying, "Uganda is not Spain."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.56,0:10:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they started posting statistics\Nabout how Uganda's economy is rising,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.92,0:10:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these kinds of issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.32,0:10:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's something really common\NI've seen in Sub-Saharan Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.92,0:10:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Sub-Saharan Africa in particular\Nis misrepresented in global media
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.84,0:10:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much more often than other places.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.44,0:10:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, yes, there are some themes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.48,0:10:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can find very local ones\Nthat are really interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.88,0:10:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- We have a question from Hong Kong.\NActually, Matti.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.04,0:10:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Do you think is this a new\Nphenomenon,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.04,0:10:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merged with the Internet,\Nor do you have
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.76,0:10:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any pre-Internet samples of remixing,\Nfor example picture of leaders,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.76,0:10:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stuff like that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.60,0:11:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Oh, yeah, absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.20,0:11:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's new about the Internet\Nis that it's faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.84,0:11:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't seen anything in history\Nthat's filled with such weirdness.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.80,0:11:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't seen cats and llamas\Nand dogs and pigs.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.64,0:11:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I was just talking with someone,\Nsince we're in the UK, this is appropriate,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.51,0:11:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's this British publisher,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.88,0:11:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I forget the century,\Nbut his name was John Wilkes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.64,0:11:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was publishing\Nthe North Briton newspaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was considered at the time\Na very edgy newspaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.20,0:11:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 45th issue angered the government\Nso much that they destroyed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.92,0:11:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the printing presses\Nand they censored the magazine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.88,0:11:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they arrested John Wilkes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.52,0:11:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, then, shortly after he's arrested,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.80,0:11:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like the sunflower seeds,\Nthe number 45
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.00,0:11:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started popping up on walls and, again,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.56,0:11:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is why I bring that analogy\Nwith street art,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.80,0:11:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is a long history of people
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.20,0:11:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking symbols and images\Nand putting them out
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.36,0:12:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a way of speaking out, even when\Nthat message is being suppressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.68,0:12:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I just want to bring in\Nsome of our translator panellists.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.68,0:12:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have a question\Nfor either Hetain or An?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.28,0:12:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Our president gets mocked a lot,\Nbut, like, he never...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.92,0:12:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I always thought if he can reply\Nwith a humour,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.04,0:12:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be really nice\Nto solve the situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.68,0:12:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm wondering, is there any example
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.36,0:12:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how government can handle\Nthis in a rather humorous way?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.88,0:12:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Humorous way,\Nyeah, that's a great question.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.20,0:12:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if any\NAmericans here remember
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.40,0:12:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Hillary Clinton texting meme\Nthat popped up?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.12,0:12:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That wasn't a political commentary.\NIt was just her looking really bad-ass.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.92,0:12:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was wearing sunglasses\Nand texting.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.00,0:12:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are all kinds of joke texts\Ncoming from her
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.48,0:12:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how cool she was.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.64,0:12:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And her Twitter account, she just opened\Na Twitter account, and it's that photo.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.72,0:12:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I think she's doing it well.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.16,0:12:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Granted, it wasn't criticising her,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.24,0:13:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she did it well\Nin terms of embracing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.56,0:13:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think, there's certainly\Na culture gap, a generation gap,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.04,0:13:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I do hope that it opens up\Na door for using humour
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.08,0:13:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think that would be great,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.92,0:13:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if persons in power can use humour
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.80,0:13:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help talk about\Noften very difficult issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.88,0:13:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- We're going to have to wrap it,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.52,0:13:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to head back\Ninto session.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.08,0:13:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, An Xiao Mina, and thank\Nyou, Hetain Patel, for joining us.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.04,0:13:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thank you, all the translators.\NThank you very much.