0:00:00.000,0:00:03.899
Hello. I'd like to speak with you today[br]about creating a compressed folder in

0:00:03.899,0:00:07.859
Windows 7. Before I do that, however, I'd[br]like to talk a little bit about

0:00:07.859,0:00:13.920
compression. First of all, as you know,[br]everything on the computer is

0:00:13.920,0:00:18.960
represented in bits. Everything is[br]reducible to zeros and ones -- and by

0:00:18.960,0:00:25.500
"everything," I mean text files. I mean[br]programs. I mean audio. I mean video. To

0:00:25.500,0:00:37.079
give you an example, Paint stores images[br]as bitmaps. Each canvas is made up of a

0:00:37.079,0:00:43.050
certain number of pixels across and down. Each pixel can be a single color. One pixel

0:00:43.050,0:00:47.989
can be red or it can be blue, but it[br]can't be partly red and partly blue. If

0:00:47.989,0:00:54.120
you're dealing with a monochrome image[br]such as we have here, you really only

0:00:54.120,0:00:59.760
have two choices: black or white. Two[br]choices can be represented by a single

0:00:59.760,0:01:06.750
bit; for example, zero might represent white, one might represent black. So in an

0:01:06.750,0:01:11.760
uncompressed format, ordinarily this[br]might be stored as lots and lots and

0:01:11.760,0:01:16.770
lots of zeros to represent all of this[br]white, still more zeros more zeros more

0:01:16.770,0:01:22.950
zeros, then three black or three -- we've[br]got three black pixels here, so we've got

0:01:22.950,0:01:29.909
three ones, a lot more zeros to represent[br]all this white. Five ones in a row to

0:01:29.909,0:01:35.430
represent this next line down -- five black[br]squares, lots and lots of white squares,

0:01:35.430,0:01:42.960
lots more zeros and so on. Imagine,[br]however if instead of having to store 00

0:01:42.960,0:01:48.360
000 -- a thousand zeros followed by a few[br]ones followed by a thousand more zeros

0:01:48.360,0:01:54.000
followed by maybe 25 ones, imagine[br]instead of having to take all those bits

0:01:54.000,0:02:02.040
for that, you had some special way of[br]saying repeat 0 a thousand times.That

0:02:02.040,0:02:05.909
special way of representing a thousand[br]zeros would take less space than

0:02:05.909,0:02:11.430
representing the series with a thousand[br]bits. This would be an example of a very

0:02:11.430,0:02:17.550
simple compression algorithm using this special repeating symbol. Now

0:02:17.550,0:02:22.950
in actual practice, the compression[br]algorithms are far more complex, but this

0:02:22.950,0:02:26.850
gives you a feel for how it might be[br]possible to represent the exact same

0:02:26.850,0:02:36.960
information in less space. Windows makes it possible to save files of various

0:02:36.960,0:02:43.230
types using less space with its built-in[br]compression. You can create a compressed

0:02:43.230,0:02:47.990
folder and then put files into it and[br]the files -- depending on what is in them --

0:02:47.990,0:02:52.290
may very well take up less space; it might be just a little less space, it might be a lot

0:02:52.290,0:02:58.110
less space. So for example this "Psych[br]notes" is nineteen thousand bytes, more or

0:02:58.110,0:03:04.500
less, of text. To create a compressed[br]folder, I could right-click on an empty

0:03:04.500,0:03:09.480
spot in this pane just as I would to[br]create a regular folder, and -- again, just

0:03:09.480,0:03:13.590
as with a regular folder -- I can go to "New," but if instead of choosing "Folder," I

0:03:13.590,0:03:19.920
choose "Compressed zipped folder," I will[br]create a compressed folder. I can then

0:03:19.920,0:03:25.470
give this compressed folder any name[br]that I like, such as "Notes" (because i'm

0:03:25.470,0:03:30.460
going to be putting my notes in here). I[br]click outside of that area to deselect

0:03:30.460,0:03:37.350
"Notes." I'm then going to right-drag and[br]drop my "Psych notes" on to my "Notes"

0:03:37.350,0:03:41.970
folder. By right-dragging rather than[br]dragging, I can choose whether I wish to

0:03:41.970,0:03:47.430
copy the "Psych notes" or to move them. "Copy" is bold, so that's the default. In

0:03:47.430,0:03:52.290
point of fact, I do wish to copy; I'm[br]going to choose "Copy" here. Now you'll

0:03:52.290,0:03:58.050
notice that I've got my original "Psych[br]notes" that is 19 kilobytes. My compressed

0:03:58.050,0:04:03.720
folder is 11 kilobytes; it's a lot[br]smaller. If I open up my compressed

0:04:03.720,0:04:07.950
folder, I can see a "Psych notes" listed in[br]here, and I can double click on the "Psych

0:04:07.950,0:04:16.079
notes." When I do that, you see that Word[br]opens in read-only mode; that's one of

0:04:16.079,0:04:21.600
the disadvantages of compression -- we[br]don't just compress everything that

0:04:21.600,0:04:26.340
we're working with partly because if we[br]want to make any sort of changes,

0:04:26.340,0:04:31.169
we're going to be having to[br]extract the file from our compressed

0:04:31.169,0:04:36.389
folder. We're going to have to decompress[br]the file -- restore to the original size --

0:04:36.389,0:04:41.250
make changes, and then we could put the[br]modified file back into a compressed

0:04:41.250,0:04:46.080
folder, if we wished. The other downside[br]of working with a compressed object is

0:04:46.080,0:04:52.199
that it's going to take a little bit[br]longer to do any sort of processing, but

0:04:52.199,0:04:58.860
if I do wish to extract this file again,[br]if I just want to open it I could choose

0:04:58.860,0:05:06.419
to open it here. If I come up to the[br]folder above my compressed folder so I

0:05:06.419,0:05:10.919
can see the compressed folder, I can[br]right-click on it and choose to "Extract

0:05:10.919,0:05:17.010
All." I'm going to be asked where would[br]you like to place the extracted file,

0:05:17.010,0:05:23.250
and by default it will be[br]placed in the same folder as the one that

0:05:23.250,0:05:27.389
contains the compressed folder. So I'll[br]leave the default here. I'm not going to

0:05:27.389,0:05:32.490
browse to any different location, and I[br]don't want to see the extracted files

0:05:32.490,0:05:37.949
when complete. I'll just say "Extract," and[br]now you'll see we have a new,

0:05:37.949,0:05:44.760
uncompressed folder called "Notes." The compressed one has an icon

0:05:44.760,0:05:50.070
that has a zipper on it; regular folders[br]do not have the zipper. If you are

0:05:50.070,0:05:55.080
showing your file types, compressed[br]folders have the file type or the

0:05:55.080,0:06:04.530
extension of "zip." Uncompressed ones[br]don't have any visible extension. So what

0:06:04.530,0:06:08.490
are the main points with creating a[br]compressed folder and using it? To create

0:06:08.490,0:06:14.460
it, you can right-click on a blank part[br]of the window-->New-->Compressed (zipped)

0:06:14.460,0:06:18.960
Folder. Give it whatever name you'd like.[br]Place in it anything that you'd like to

0:06:18.960,0:06:23.760
have compressed. When you wish to make use of the items. if you just want to see

0:06:23.760,0:06:26.550
the contents, you don't want to make any[br]changes, you're not doing anything all

0:06:26.550,0:06:30.449
that extensive, you can work with the[br]compressed version. If you do wish to

0:06:30.449,0:06:36.719
make changes, you do wish to do[br]extensive processing, you're going to be

0:06:36.719,0:06:41.580
needing to right-click on the folder and[br]choose "Extract All."

0:06:41.580,0:06:45.810
If you don't wish to extract everything,[br]another thing you could do is you could

0:06:45.810,0:06:52.229
come into the folder copy the item that[br]you wish to extract. If I had 10

0:06:52.229,0:06:56.400
different items in here and I only wished[br]to extract the "Psych notes," I could

0:06:56.400,0:07:00.780
right- click on psych notes and choose "Copy," go wherever I like to paste it,

0:07:00.780,0:07:07.259
right-click and choose "Paste." Now I already have a file of this name -- my original

0:07:07.259,0:07:11.520
file-- in here, so Windows has asked me[br]what do I want to do: Do I

0:07:11.520,0:07:17.520
really wish to replace the original with[br]a copy, do I wish to say "Don't copy," or

0:07:17.520,0:07:21.169
I'm going to copy but keep both files,

0:07:21.319,0:07:27.449
and in theory I should be seeing a[br]second copy in here. I'm not sure why I'm

0:07:27.449,0:07:37.259
not, but in theory I should be. Okay I'm[br]not sure why I hadn't been seeing the

0:07:37.259,0:07:42.110
second copy; I just refreshed the screen[br]and now you can see the second copy.

0:07:42.110,0:07:46.129
Thank you very much. Goodbye