[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello. Today we're going to be talking\Nabout file organization for a small
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.29,0:00:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,penetration test company. What is a pen\Ntest? A pen test is an attack on a
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.08,0:00:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer or a network for the purposes\Nof trying to find out what weaknesses
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.24,0:00:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the device(s) happen to have so that they\Ncan be taken care of before the bad guys
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.79,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to attack. Pen tests are conducted\Nwith legal written permission by the of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the owners of the attacked devices. So\Nthis company has just started conducting
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.46,0:00:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,penetration tests. They've got five\Nclients so far and they have started to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.92,0:00:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create a number of different files for\Neach of the different clients they have.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.24,0:00:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, a nondisclosure agreement or\NNDA that pretty much says we won't let
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.22,0:00:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anybody else other than the owners of\Nthe devices know what we found out, so
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.36,0:01:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not going to tell anybody, "Hey, this\Ncompany has these weaknesses." They have
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.06,0:01:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the letter with written permission to be able\Nto conduct the tests; this one permission
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.50,0:01:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is sometimes called informally a\N"get-out-of-jail-free card." The pen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.06,0:01:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,testers have been taking notes as\Nthey've been conducting the tests and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.03,0:01:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've developed a final report and\Nthey have all this documentation on each
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.38,0:01:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the different clients. Now at this point, I
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.10,0:01:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have all the relevant files in a\Ndirectory that's inside my home
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.96,0:01:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory. I'd like to copy all of that\Ninformation into the directory we happen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.09,0:01:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be in at the moment. The command to\Ncopy things is "cp," and because we're
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.12,0:01:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be copying a directory, we're\Ngoing to throw in the -r. Next, we
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.51,0:01:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to say what it is we'd like to copy. We'd like to copy files that are in my
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.65,0:02:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home directory . The tilde ~ represents the\Nhome directory, and I'm going to start
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.28,0:02:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,typing the name of the directory that\Nwe'd like to copy. It begins with an
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.32,0:02:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"f" - it's "files for video". As it happens I\Nonly have one particular item in
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.89,0:02:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my home directory that begins with the\Nletter "f," so I'm going to hit the tab key
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.01,0:02:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now to autocomplete this relatively long\Nname. I just happened to delete the slash
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.58,0:02:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came at the end. When you hit "tab"\Nand you have the name of a
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.99,0:02:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory, the name will end with a\Nslash / , so you can keep typing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.07,0:02:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,additional information. As it happens, I\Ndon't wish to type anything else, so I just
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.82,0:02:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deleted this /. It really doesn't matter\Nwhether you have that there or not. I'd like
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.59,0:02:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to copy that information into our\Ncurrent directory. cp always requires two
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.99,0:02:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguments; basically, you're saying, "copy\Nwhat where": What do I wish to copy? The
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.36,0:02:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory "files for video". Where do I\Nwant to copy it? Here. A single dot . , as
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.03,0:03:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll recall, represents "Here. The\Ncurrent directory." and if I do an ls
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.57,0:03:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right now, I can see that I do, in fact,\Nhave a "files for video" directory. I'm now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.81,0:03:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to switch into my "files for video,"\Ndirectory, so I type "cd f" and I
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.91,0:03:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hit the tab. Now you'll notice that\Neverything that begins with "f" in this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.04,0:03:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory goes on to have an "il" as the next two characters, so Linux was able to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.89,0:03:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autocomplete the "il," but it\Ndoesn't know at this point: Do I want to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.94,0:03:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep typing "es" for "files"? Do I want to type the "lters" for "filters"? It doesn't know, so I'm going
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.19,0:03:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give it an "e" and hit tab. It fills in\Nthe "s" for us. If I hit an "f" it'll in the rest of the "for." Hit "v," hit tab again and it fills in the rest of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.29,0:03:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"video," so you can see that you can hit\Ntab multiple times. So now my "files for
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.81,0:04:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,video" is my active directory and I'm\Ngoing to take a look inside it and I see
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.70,0:04:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've got a fair number of files\Nhere. Now if we are only ever going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.55,0:04:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having five clients then everything\Ncould stay in one directory,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.77,0:04:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we're starting to realize that -- wait\Na minute -- we're going to have a whole lot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.75,0:04:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more clients coming up, and this\Ndirectory that we have is just going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.93,0:04:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting larger and larger and larger,\Nand it's going to become less and less
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.40,0:04:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easy to be able to find the files that\Nwe would like, so we better come up with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.86,0:04:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some sort of an organization so that\Nwe'll be able to find the files that we
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.82,0:04:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wish quickly and easily. There are a\Ncouple of different approaches we could
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.26,0:04:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take with these particular files. One\Napproach -- and the one we're going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.94,0:04:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using -- looks like this. I've ignored all\Nthe directory structure that's not
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.13,0:05:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relevant to us at the moment. We are in\Nthe CIS one forty-one directory. We're
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.61,0:05:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to create a directory for all of\Nour pen test information. I'm just
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.73,0:05:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calling it "PT" for "pen test," and then we're\Ngoing to have a separate directory for
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.62,0:05:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each of our different clients. Within\Neach of the client directories, we'll
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.96,0:05:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the relevant information -- our\Nget-out-of-jail-free card, our
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.39,0:05:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-disclosure agreement, the running\Nnotes, and the final pen test report. We
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.21,0:05:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have organized things in a different\Nway; instead of organizing by client, we
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.96,0:05:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have organized by type of\Ninformation. So we could have put all of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.11,0:05:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our get-out-of-jail free cards in one\Ndirectory all of our NDAs in another
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.30,0:05:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory, and so forth. On both this and\Nthe past slide, some details are omitted
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.06,0:05:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just so that the slides wouldn't get too\Ncluttered. So the client information for
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.54,0:05:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the notes and the reports\Ndirectories were omitted here. Up here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.78,0:06:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the information for the specific files\Nunderneath client3 and for client5
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.11,0:06:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been omitted, but you can\Nextrapolate what they would be. So okay,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.95,0:06:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to have to create some\Ndirectories. We'll start off by creating
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.37,0:06:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the PT directory for our pen tests. The\Ncommand to create a directory is mkdir.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.92,0:06:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pronounced "make dir," but it's\Nspelled mkdir. OK, so we've created our
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.20,0:06:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pen test directory. You can see I've just\Nexecuted another ls, and we can see our
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.49,0:06:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pen test directory PT. Inside this\Ndirectory, we're going to be creating a
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.44,0:06:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory called "client1,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.34,0:06:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so \NmkdirPT /client1 \NNow when we go to move our files, we can
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.27,0:06:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shorten their names as well. We no longer\Nhave to have "PT" and "client1" as part
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.96,0:06:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the name of each of these files\Nbecause we can get the information that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.22,0:07:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's about a pen test and it's for\Nclient one just from our directory
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.79,0:07:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,structure. So the syntax of the command\Nto move files is very similar to the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.05,0:07:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,syntax of the command for copying. The\Ncommand for moving is "mv" and it's
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.93,0:07:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"move what where": What are we going to be moving? We're going to be moving our PT client one's get-out-of-jail-free card. Where are we going to be moving it? We're
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.84,0:07:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be moving it into the PT\Ndirectory -- inside there into the client1
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.22,0:07:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sub directory -- and from there we're\Ngoing to call the file simply GooJFC for
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.07,0:07:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"get-out-of-jail-free card." We can execute an ls command, and we can see that we no
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.73,0:07:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,longer have the get out of jail free\Ncard for client one in our current
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.98,0:08:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory. If we do an ls for our PT/client1 directory, you can see that in
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.62,0:08:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fact we do have the file with the\Nshortened name inside the directory. Now
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.50,0:08:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to do the same thing for\Neach of our other three client1 files.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.91,0:08:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to use the up arrow to\Nretrieve my most recent mv command and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.64,0:08:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm using the left arrow and the\Nbackspace to move to where I need to be
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.95,0:08:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to delete the letters I don't want in\Nhere. This is just a quicker way of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.88,0:08:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming up with the command rather than having to type it all again by hand. Up arrow
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.90,0:09:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,notes and report. I'm going to clear the\Nscreen screen quickly with the ctrl^L
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.78,0:09:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keyboard shortcut, and ls shows us that we no longer have client1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.61,0:09:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,files in the current directory, but if we\Ndo a ls of PT/client1, we can see that
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.49,0:09:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have all of the files that we had\Nbefore in our client1 directory. Now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.45,0:09:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,okay, we're going to go ahead and create\Na client2 directory mkdir PT/client2
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.39,0:09:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could copy all of the files here individually into that
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.29,0:09:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory; so we could, for example, say \Nmv PTclient2GooJFC Pt/client2/GooJFC
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.43,0:10:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.58,0:10:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.45,0:10:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do that similar sort of thing for all of\Nthe remaining files. There is, however, a
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.82,0:11:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faster way to accomplish our task. We\Ncould we'd once again start out saying
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.64,0:11:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mv PTclient2 but now instead\Nof listing an end of each individual
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.72,0:11:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,file we can use an asterisk; the\Nasterisk says, "substitute here any zero
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.50,0:11:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or more characters," so just in this one\Nphrase \NPTclient2*
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.40,0:11:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's as if here we typed all of the files whose names begin with
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.77,0:11:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PTclient2 \NWhere do we want to put them? we want to put them in PT/client2
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.10,0:11:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to let's verify that we did what we\Nwanted to do. ls. We don't see anything
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.81,0:11:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about client2 in our current directory.\Nls PT/client2\NWe have all four of out
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.61,0:11:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,client2-related files within our\Nclient2 directory. Now, the downside of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.57,0:12:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is that we would need to rename the\NNDA, the notes, and the report file if we
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.52,0:12:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so desired to shorten up the names. In\Nthe interests of not boring you I'm not
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.95,0:12:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to go through and shorten all\Nthose right now. In real life we might
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.20,0:12:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or might not choose to do so. At this\Npoint, I'm going to very quickly create
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.99,0:12:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,client three, four, and five directories\Nand put the relevant files into them. So
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.34,0:12:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mkdir PT/client3 PT/client4 PT/client5
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.22,0:12:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can use the "mkdir" command with
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.38,0:12:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiple different arguments, so that's\Njust created the client3, client4, and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.42,0:13:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,client5 directories within our PT\Ndirectory. I'm now going to move all the
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.77,0:13:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relevant files for client3 into the\Nclient3 directory, client 4 into the client4 directory, and client 5 into the client5 directory.\Ndirectory if I do a quick LS I can see I
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.81,0:13:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't have any ordinary files inside my\Ncurrent directory; I could do an
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.60,0:13:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ls PT/client3 PT/client4 PT/client5 \Nif I so desired, but ls actually has a nice
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.91,0:13:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,option of -R \NThe capital R says< "show me a recursive listing." What this
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.59,0:13:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means is this is saying not only show me\Nwhat's immediately inside the PT
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.47,0:13:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory, but if there are any\Ndirectories in the PT directory, show me
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.48,0:14:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their contents and if there are any\Ndirectories within their contents, show
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.01,0:14:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its contents all the way down the\Ndirectory structure. So now we can see
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.77,0:14:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all at once that the PT directory\Ncontains the client1 through client5
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.44,0:14:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directories and we can see the contents\Nof each of the individual client
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.71,0:14:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directories. I'll say as an aside that\Nthere are ways that you would be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.81,0:14:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shorten the names to remove the PT\Nclient in a fashion that's more
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.21,0:14:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,efficient than just doing it by hand. How you would do that, though, is
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.01,0:14:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond the scope of this discussion. OK, I\Njust cleared the screen again and I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.30,0:14:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to cd into the PT directory and\Nmake a new directory for a hypothetical
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.32,0:14:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,client six. and I'm going to\Ncd into the client6 directory. One
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.19,0:14:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,command that is very useful if you would\Njust like to create an empty file -- in
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.81,0:15:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fact it's the command that I use to\Ncreate all the files we've worked with
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.72,0:15:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today -- that's the "touch" command. So I\Ncould say \Ntouch NDA
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.55,0:15:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've created an empty 0 bytes file called NDA.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.29,0:15:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to be switching topics a little\Nbit so that I can talk about a couple of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.31,0:15:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other things that I did wish to talk\Nabout in this video. So this is not
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.54,0:15:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directly pentest related, but suppose for\Nsome reason you wish to have the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.48,0:15:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calendar -- the output of the cal command\N-- display not on your screen, but put it
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.44,0:15:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a file. You can redirect the output\Nof the "cal" command. This is saying, "Don't
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.06,0:15:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,show me the calendar -- the output of the\Ncal command -- on the screen. Instead, put
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.84,0:16:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it into a file that we're going to call\N'calendar'." We now have a calendar file, and
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.22,0:16:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we use the "cat" command to display the\Ncontents of the calendar file, we can see
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.08,0:16:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is in fact the calendar for the\Nmonth in which I'm recording this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.65,0:16:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe we'll have another file that's\Ngoing to show the output of the "date"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.30,0:16:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,command and we'll just call that file\N"day," and a cat of day reveals that it
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.26,0:16:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does in fact give us the output of the\Ndate command. Why am I creating these
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.67,0:16:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,files? It's because I'd like to show you\Nsomething about the mv command that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.09,0:16:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also applies to the cp command and is\Nvery important. We've seen a couple of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.64,0:16:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ways in which the mv or the cp commands\Ncan be used. With "copy what where," if "where"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.76,0:16:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the name of a file that does not\Nexist, cp or mv will create a file by
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.21,0:17:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that name with the contents of the\Noriginal file. So if i say cp x y then both of them will have
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.99,0:17:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identical content. If the "where" is the\Nname of a directory, what we saw
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.11,0:17:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mv command holds true with the cp
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.14,0:17:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,command, that the "copy what where," if the "where" is s directory it will take the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.97,0:17:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"what" file specified and it will create a file within
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.49,0:17:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the specified directory with the\Ncontents of that file, so if I said \Ncp x y
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.61,0:17:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with "y" being the name of a directory,\Nwhat will result is there's going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.68,0:17:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a file called y/ x with the x in the x\Ndirectory containing the same content as
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.53,0:17:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the original file named x. There's a\Nthird possibility, though. The first
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.87,0:18:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibility was the "what" was the name of\Na file that did not yet exist. The second
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.41,0:18:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibility was the name of a directory. The third possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.28,0:18:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the name of a file that does exist. Suppose we decided to
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.01,0:18:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take information from "cal" and "date" and\Nput it into a single file. I'm just going
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.83,0:18:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to call "when". So we can move the contents of our "day" file into a file called "when".
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.00,0:18:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We no longer have a file called "day." The\Nfile called "when" now has the output of
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.05,0:18:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the date command.Now watch very carefully: this is what I wanted to show you.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.53,0:18:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I type \Nmv calendar when \N-- "when" is a file that already exists; it
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.97,0:19:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contains the output of the date command -- \Nthis is what's currently in the "when" file.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.37,0:19:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did not get any error messages. mv was\Nperfectly happy to move the contents of
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.28,0:19:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calendar into the "when" file. An ls command shows again we no longer have
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.52,0:19:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a "calendar" file, but look at the contents\Nof the "when" file. You see what happened
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.97,0:19:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the calendar file, but the information\Nfrom the output of the "date" file -- what had
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.41,0:19:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been in the "when" file before we copied\Nthe calendar contents into "when" -- that is
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.96,0:19:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gone, and this is the important caveat: If\Nyou're using mv or you're using cp
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.06,0:19:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the second argument is the name of a\Nfile that exists, that file's original
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.03,0:19:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contents will be replaced with the\Ncontents of whatever was in the first
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.53,0:20:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,argument, so be very careful with cp and\Nmv. OK, so we've created quite a number of
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.76,0:20:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different files here and I'd like to\Nclean up all the files that we worked
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.69,0:20:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with today. They're just ones that were\Ncreated for this video; there's really no
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.41,0:20:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pen test company. I'm going to clean up\Nthe files, so the first thing I'd like to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.51,0:20:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do would be to delete the directory that\NI'm in right now and all of its contents.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.26,0:20:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To delete a directory use the "rmdir"\Ncommand. I'm going to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.58,0:20:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to delete the directory I'm in right\Nnow and this period is usually used to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.63,0:20:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean "here". We saw it in an action earlier\Nwhen we said cp -r cis141 .
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.21,0:20:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're saying copy that
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.50,0:21:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one directory here. Dot (.) is a perfectly\Nvalid argument for many commands, but
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.64,0:21:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not valid for the "rmdir" command, and\Nthere's a reason for it which you could
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.40,0:21:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably figure out on your own if you\Nstopped to think for a moment. If we deleted
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.60,0:21:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the directory we were in, where would we\Nbe? We just got rid of the directory we
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.12,0:21:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were currently in and we have to be in\Nsome directory so rmdir basically
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.67,0:21:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says you can't delete the directory\Nyou're in, so I'm going to go up one
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.30,0:21:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,level and I'm going to try deleting my client6
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.81,0:21:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory and rmdir still is not\Ngoing to be very happy. It's saying the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.65,0:21:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directory is not empty; you've got files\Nin it, so we can delete all those files.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.72,0:21:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could type in rm -- the command to\Ndelete a file -- client6/NDA and we
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.13,0:22:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could type in rm client6/when, and\Nnow we can try again rmdir client6
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.24,0:22:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we deleted everything inside\Nclient6, client6 was an empty directory.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.35,0:22:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because client6 is now an empty directory,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.08,0:22:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rmdir we'll go ahead and delete it without any complaints.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.01,0:22:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An ls shows us we no longer have a client6\Ndirectory. Suppose we wish to delete
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.86,0:22:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,client5's directory and the first\Nthing we wanted to do was to delete
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.97,0:22:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything that's inside the client5\Ndirectory. Stop and think a minute to see
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.10,0:22:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you can figure out how you could\Ndelete everything in there all in one
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.15,0:23:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,line. Just a reminder: the contents of the\Nclient5 directory. Well, one thing we
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.19,0:23:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could do would be to type in\Nrm client5/ this-filename client5/this-filename client5/this-filename
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.26,0:23:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would be a lot of typing. Another\Nthing we could do will be to type in
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.73,0:23:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rm client5/*\NThat removes everything that's inside client5. Now in
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.96,0:23:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this particular case, that's exactly what\Nwe wanted to have happen, but be very
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.15,0:23:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,careful with that asterisk, especially\Nwhen you're using it in
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.11,0:23:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a command such as "rm." If we had\Nhad a file in the client5 directory
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.72,0:23:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we did, in fact, wish to preserve, it's\Ntoo late. It's gone, and there is no trash
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.18,0:24:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bin or recycle bin or anything along\Nthose lines from which to be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.88,0:24:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,retrieve the data. It's not there\Nanymore. One thing that we could do -- I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.62,0:24:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to go ahead and rmdir client5. With a client4 we could say rm -i client4/*
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.66,0:24:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What client that -s is saying is
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.61,0:24:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Be interactive about your\Ndeletions -- ask me, for each individual
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.19,0:24:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,file, "'Do you really wish to remove this?'"\NI do wish to remove all of them, but
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.62,0:24:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see that this provides a little\Nbit of a safety net to make sure that
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.70,0:24:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're really not deleting anything we\Ndon't wish to
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.13,0:24:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have deleted. So now I'm going to go\Nahead and delete client4, and if we
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.24,0:24:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted, we could do the same things with\Nclients3, client2 and client1, but there's an easier way of doing
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.06,0:25:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things if you know for a fact that you wish to remove not only the directory,\Nbut everything underneath the directory.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.34,0:25:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any ordinary files or directory files\Ninside it any directory files that are
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.23,0:25:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in directory files, that are inside it\Nall the way down -- you know for a fact you
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.34,0:25:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wish to get rid of everything. Instead of\Nremoving them the rmdir command,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.13,0:25:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can use rm -r. rm -r, as you can see, works even
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.21,0:25:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the directory contains data, and it's\Nnice to be able to have both methods of
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.75,0:25:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being able to delete directories. If you\Nknow for 100% certain
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.61,0:25:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you do wish to\Ndelete not only directory but everything
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.99,0:25:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,underneath it, you can do so with rm -r, but that is very powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.85,0:25:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have any hesitation whatsoever, if\Nyou want to make sure that you're just
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.97,0:26:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,removing empty directories, rmdir is the\Ncommand for you. I'm going to go up a\Ndirectory and say rm -r PT
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.74,0:26:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll note that at this point the PT directory contains two\Nsubdirectories which in turn contain a
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.66,0:26:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bunch of different files. all of which\Nare now gone. So what we have seen so far
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.79,0:26:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today is how you can copy and\Nmove the files. You can create an empty file
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.51,0:26:42.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the touch command. We've seen that rmdir will
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.63,0:26:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remove an empty directory. rm -r will\Nremove a directory that may or may not
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.95,0:26:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be empty. If you wish to have an\Ninteractive way of working with rm, you
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.23,0:27:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could use -i. We've seen that an asterisk\Ncan substitute for
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.47,0:27:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any zero or more characters, and again\Nthe asterisk is extremely powerful but
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.32,0:27:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to be careful with it. The\Nasterisk is an example of what is sometimes called
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.56,0:27:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a "globbing character." Another globbing\Ncharacter is a question mark, and that
Dialogue: 0,0:27:18.63,0:27:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says, "Substitute exactly one character."\NInstead of "Substituting here zero
Dialogue: 0,0:27:24.27,0:27:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or more," substitute exactly one. So\Nwe've also talked a little bit as an
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.39,0:27:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aside about what pen testing is and some\Nof the documentation -- not all but some of
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.89,0:27:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the documentation -- that is involved in\Npen testing. That was just an added bonus.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.55,0:27:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have any questions, please do feel\Nfree to ask your teacher and do be
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.12,0:27:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prepared -- if you are one of the Delaware\NTechnical Community College CIS 141
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.32,0:27:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students for whom this video\Nwas created -- do be prepared to come
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.47,0:28:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the classroom and to be able\Nto conduct various organizations of
Dialogue: 0,0:28:02.90,0:28:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,groups of files. So we've seen one\Nexample here. Are there any other
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.36,0:28:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,principles for organizing files? There actually are
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.91,0:28:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a variety of different tips I'd like to\Ntalk about, some of which we've already
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.70,0:28:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made mention of; others of which we have\Nnot. One is when you're organizing files,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.19,0:28:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a good idea to keep data files\Nseparate from application files. One
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.34,0:28:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reason for this is that data files are\Ngoing to be backed up much more
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.03,0:28:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frequently than application files, and by\Nkeeping them separate, it makes it easier
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.14,0:28:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to execute a backup strategy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.16,0:28:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also want to have consistency in naming conventions for files and for folders or directories. We don't want to have client1
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.06,0:28:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for one directory and PTclient2 for\Nanother and thirdclient for a third. If
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.47,0:28:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're using client followed by number, we\Nwant to keep that throughout.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.97,0:29:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want your names to be short but descriptive. You don't want to have great big lengthy
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.26,0:29:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that, as you saw in our example, can\Nbe kind of hard to read and take a while to
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.97,0:29:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,type, so make them fairly short. Use\Ncommon abbreviations (I used PT for
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.03,0:29:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"pen test") and if a folder/directory -- I\Nput in "folder" here because these tips
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.63,0:29:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not Linux specific, they apply\Nequally to Windows or to any other
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.94,0:29:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,operating system -- but if you do see your\Ncontainer object (whatever it's called)
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.43,0:29:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start to have too much information and\Nit starts to become unwieldy, create
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.75,0:29:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subfolders and sub-directories. A few\Npossible ways you can organize things
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.08,0:29:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are completed versus incomplete, so if\Nyou've got different files for different
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.12,0:29:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,projects, when you've finished a\Nparticular file -- you've done the work
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.87,0:29:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is involved with that file -- you can\Nmove it from the "incomplete" to the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.90,0:30:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"completed" directory. You might organize\Nthings by file type, so you'll have all of
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.51,0:30:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your workbooks together, all your\Ndocuments in a separate directory, all of
Dialogue: 0,0:30:06.90,0:30:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your slideshows in a third. You might\Nwish to organize things by project -- that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.20,0:30:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is, in essence, what we did here -- where we\Nhad client1, client2, client3, and
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.71,0:30:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each client involved a separate pen test.\NIf you're dealing with Windows,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.00,0:30:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put your documents in the document folder, create subfolders within the "Document" folder.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.81,0:30:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can use jump lists. I'm going\Nto be panning down on my screen so that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.32,0:30:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see my taskbar so I can\Ndemonstrate a jump list. If I right-click
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.37,0:30:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on one of the icons in the taskbar, what\Nshows up is a jump list. These are my
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.31,0:30:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pinned items, these are ones that are\Ngoing to be staying on my list even if I
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.17,0:31:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,haven't happened to use them in a while. \Nthese are files that I've recently used. As I
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.81,0:31:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,added new files, open up new files, the\Nolder ones will drop from the list. If
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.27,0:31:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to make sure that something\Nstays on this list, I can pin it by
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.34,0:31:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clicking on the pushpin. I can unpin\Na pinned item by clicking on the push pin
Dialogue: 0,0:31:19.62,0:31:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again. You might wish use the recent\Nitems on the start menu, but if for security
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.51,0:31:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reasons you don't wish to have a "recent\Nitems" on the start menu or you don't
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.99,0:31:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wish to have a jump list, there\Nare ways of getting rid of those as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.75,0:31:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have certain files that you open\Nvery, very, very frequently, you might wish
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.36,0:31:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create a desktop shortcut in\NWindows to the particular item. That way,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:46.65,0:31:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can go to it directly without having\Nto navigate the folder structure. If you
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.68,0:31:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are trying to find particular files, you\Ncan go into "computer" and for our
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.71,0:32:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discussion right now. I'd actually like\Nto talk a little bit about how things
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.22,0:32:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are set up at Del Tech. We have a u: drive\Nthat teachers can add information to or
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.96,0:32:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make changes to. Students can look at and can copy files from it, but they're not
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.13,0:32:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed to make changes. I think the\Nu: drive is an excellent example of
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.51,0:32:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organization. Even if you've never looked\Nat the u: drive before, if you know that
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.61,0:32:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this video is for our CIS 141\Nclass, you'd be able to just glance at
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.02,0:32:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the names of these folders. They're very\Nshort but they're descriptive. You should
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.62,0:32:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be able to figure out that this is the folder\Nthat you would be interested in. If you
Dialogue: 0,0:32:36.42,0:32:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happen to know\Nthat my last name is "Mancini," you'd be
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.40,0:32:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to look at these and you'd be able\Nto zero in on exactly which folder would
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.53,0:32:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have information that is relevant, and\Nthen from here again you can go into the
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.97,0:32:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relevant folder. At this point, I'd like\Nto look at the folder that just says
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.82,0:33:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Windows." This contains a number\Nof miscellaneous files for the purposes
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.05,0:33:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of practicing organization. Again,\Nthis is a relatively small number of
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.19,0:33:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,files in this folder, but pretend that\Nthere were quite a number and we wish to
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.15,0:33:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find a particular one. I happen to be in\Nthe "Details" view right now. You can
Dialogue: 0,0:33:20.12,0:33:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change your view by going to the View\Nmenu. You're going to "Details." If you
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.01,0:33:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't happen to see your view menu, you\Ncould go to the drop-down list for
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.66,0:33:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Organize," and choose "Layout," and you'll be able to see your menu bar, then you can
Dialogue: 0,0:33:37.34,0:33:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bring up the View menu. We're\Ncurrently in the details view now. The
Dialogue: 0,0:33:42.20,0:33:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nice thing about the details view -- or one\Nof the nice things beyond the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.67,0:33:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gives you a lot more information\Nabout all the different files -- is that
Dialogue: 0,0:33:50.12,0:33:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can organize things quickly. If you\Nknew that the file you were interested
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.14,0:33:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in was one that had been modified fairly\Nrecently, you can click on "Date Modified,"
Dialogue: 0,0:33:59.15,0:34:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you click on it once, it organizes\Nthings from the most recently to the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.97,0:34:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,least recently modified files. These\Nfiles haven't been modified in quite a
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.66,0:34:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while. If you click on it again, it\Nreverses the organization. If you knew
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.69,0:34:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you wished to get rid of some files --\Nmaybe you're running out of space -- and
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.50,0:34:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you wanted to see if are there a couple of\Nreally large files that you wish to get
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.65,0:34:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rid of, you could sort by size. The\Ndefault order is sorting by name, and if
Dialogue: 0,0:34:29.21,0:34:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you happen to have a mixture of both\Nfiles and folders, the folders by default
Dialogue: 0,0:34:33.86,0:34:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will show up first a through , then the\Nordinary files a through z. So, again, I
Dialogue: 0,0:34:39.80,0:34:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hope you found these tips useful. Keep\Nthem in mind. Again, if you happen to be a
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.18,0:34:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CIS 141 student at Delaware\NTechnical Community College, be sure to
Dialogue: 0,0:34:49.04,0:35:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice the commands that we discussed\Nearlier in this video: cp, mv, touch, the ls with the -R option, rmdir, rm -r, the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:01.49,0:35:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-i option, rm without any options. Practice the globbing
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.83,0:35:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,character, the asterisk. Be prepared to\Ncome into class and be able to do
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.24,0:35:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something similar to what was done in\Nthis particular presentation.You will be
Dialogue: 0,0:35:21.98,0:35:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given a directory that has a lot of\Nfiles, and that you are going to have to try
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.92,0:35:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with an appropriate\Norganization for. Again, I hope you found
Dialogue: 0,0:35:33.23,0:35:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this video interesting and useful and\Ninformative. If you have any questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:37.73,0:35:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please do speak with your instructor