[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.94,0:00:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: So, Jon, this feels scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.16,0:00:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jonathan Haidt: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.35,0:00:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: It feels like the world is in a place
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.36,0:00:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we haven't seen for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.22,0:00:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People don't just disagree\Nin the way that we're familiar with,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.81,0:00:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the left-right political divide.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.73,0:00:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are much deeper differences afoot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.76,0:00:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What on earth is going on,\Nand how did we get here?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.05,0:00:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: This is different.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.08,0:00:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a much more\Napocalyptic sort of feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.33,0:00:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Survey research by Pew Research shows
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.68,0:00:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the degree to which we feel\Nthat the other side is not just --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.41,0:00:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't just dislike them;\Nwe strongly dislike them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.41,0:00:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we think that they are\Na threat to the nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.91,0:00:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those numbers have been going up and up,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.90,0:00:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those are over 50 percent\Nnow on both sides.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.66,0:00:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are scared,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.83,0:00:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it feels like this is different\Nthan before; it's much more intense.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.48,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whenever I look\Nat any sort of social puzzle,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.03,0:00:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I always apply the three basic\Nprinciples of moral psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.17,0:00:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think they'll help us here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.08,0:00:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first thing that you\Nhave to always keep in mind
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.84,0:01:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're thinking about politics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.60,0:01:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we're tribal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.01,0:01:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We evolved for tribalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.55,0:01:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the simplest and greatest\Ninsights into human social nature
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.75,0:01:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the Bedouin proverb:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.94,0:01:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Me against my brother;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.36,0:01:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me and my brother against our cousin;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.31,0:01:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me and my brother and cousins\Nagainst the stranger."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.84,0:01:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that tribalism allowed us\Nto create large societies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.58,0:01:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to come together\Nin order to compete with others.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.64,0:01:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That brought us out of the jungle\Nand out of small groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.34,0:01:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it means that we have\Neternal conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.39,0:01:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question you have to look at is:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.16,0:01:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What aspects of our society\Nare making that more bitter,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.84,0:01:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what are calming them down?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.40,0:01:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: That's a very dark proverb.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.98,0:01:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're saying that that's actually\Nbaked into most people's mental wiring
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.18,0:01:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at some level?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.36,0:01:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Oh, absolutely. This is just\Na basic aspect of human social cognition.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.18,0:01:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can also live together\Nreally peacefully,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.53,0:01:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've invented all kinds\Nof fun ways of, like, playing war.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.95,0:01:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, sports, politics --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.36,0:01:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are all ways that we get\Nto exercise this tribal nature
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.08,0:01:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without actually hurting anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.68,0:02:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're also really good at trade\Nand exploration and meeting new people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.05,0:02:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have to see our tribalism\Nas something that goes up or down --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.37,0:02:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not like we're doomed\Nto always be fighting each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.25,0:02:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we'll never have world peace.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.98,0:02:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: The size of that tribe\Ncan shrink or expand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.23,0:02:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.40,0:02:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: The size of what we consider "us"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.41,0:02:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we consider "other" or "them"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.86,0:02:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can change.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.61,0:02:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some people believed that process\Ncould continue indefinitely.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.22,0:02:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.44,0:02:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And we were indeed expanding\Nthe sense of tribe for a while.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.67,0:02:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: So this is, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.86,0:02:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're getting at what's possibly\Nthe new left-right distinction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.23,0:02:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, the left-right\Nas we've all inherited it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.58,0:02:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes out of the labor\Nversus capital distinction,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.44,0:02:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the working class, and Marx.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.84,0:02:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think what we're seeing\Nnow, increasingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.12,0:02:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a divide in all the Western democracies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.99,0:02:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the people\Nwho want to stop at nation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.72,0:02:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who are more parochial --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.50,0:02:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't mean that in a bad way --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.32,0:03:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who have much more\Nof a sense of being rooted,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.14,0:03:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they care about their town,\Ntheir community and their nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.82,0:03:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then those who are\Nanti-parochial and who --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.88,0:03:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whenever I get confused, I just think\Nof the John Lennon song "Imagine."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.31,0:03:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Imagine there's no countries,\Nnothing to kill or die for."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.16,0:03:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so these are the people\Nwho want more global governance,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.40,0:03:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't like nation states,\Nthey don't like borders.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.10,0:03:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see this all over Europe as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.95,0:03:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a great metaphor guy --\Nactually, his name is Shakespeare --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.20,0:03:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writing ten years ago in Britain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.80,0:03:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had a metaphor:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.99,0:03:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Are we drawbridge-uppers\Nor drawbridge-downers?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.29,0:03:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Britain is divided\N52-48 on that point.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.22,0:03:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And America is divided on that point, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.38,0:03:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And so, those of us\Nwho grew up with The Beatles
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.98,0:03:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that sort of hippie philosophy\Nof dreaming of a more connected world --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.58,0:03:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it felt so idealistic and "how could\Nanyone think badly about that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.74,0:03:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you're saying is that, actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.77,0:03:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions of people today\Nfeel that that isn't just silly;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.10,0:03:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually dangerous and wrong,\Nand they're scared of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.98,0:04:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: I think the big issue, especially\Nin Europe but also here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.03,0:04:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the issue of immigration.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.42,0:04:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think this is where\Nwe have to look very carefully
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.52,0:04:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the social science\Nabout diversity and immigration.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.17,0:04:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once something becomes politicized,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.91,0:04:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once it becomes something\Nthat the left loves and the right --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.96,0:04:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then even the social scientists\Ncan't think straight about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.08,0:04:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, diversity is good in a lot of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.06,0:04:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It clearly creates more innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.29,0:04:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The American economy\Nhas grown enormously from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.80,0:04:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Diversity and immigration\Ndo a lot of good things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.20,0:04:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what the globalists,\NI think, don't see,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.85,0:04:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they don't want to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.38,0:04:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that ethnic diversity\Ncuts social capital and trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.69,0:04:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a very important\Nstudy by Robert Putnam,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.05,0:04:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the author of "Bowling Alone,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.93,0:04:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at social capital databases.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.80,0:04:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And basically, the more people\Nfeel that they are the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.78,0:04:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more they trust each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.31,0:04:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more they can have\Na redistributionist welfare state.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.07,0:04:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scandinavian countries are so wonderful
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.07,0:04:55.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have this legacy\Nof being small, homogenous countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.44,0:04:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that leads to\Na progressive welfare state,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.18,0:05:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a set of progressive\Nleft-leaning values, which says,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.01,0:05:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Drawbridge down!\NThe world is a great place.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.03,0:05:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People in Syria are suffering --\Nwe must welcome them in."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.09,0:05:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a beautiful thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.93,0:05:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if, and I was in Sweden\Nthis summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.54,0:05:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the discourse in Sweden\Nis fairly politically correct
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.75,0:05:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can't talk about the downsides,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.01,0:05:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you end up bringing a lot of people in.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.02,0:05:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's going to cut social capital,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.74,0:05:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it makes it hard to have a welfare state
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.70,0:05:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they might end up,\Nas we have in America,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.28,0:05:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a racially divided, visibly\Nracially divided, society.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.92,0:05:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is all very\Nuncomfortable to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.21,0:05:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think this is the thing,\Nespecially in Europe and for us, too,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.48,0:05:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to be looking at.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.69,0:05:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: You're saying that people of reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.80,0:05:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who would consider\Nthemselves not racists,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.31,0:05:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but moral, upstanding people,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.06,0:05:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a rationale that says\Nhumans are just too different;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.04,0:05:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're in danger of overloading\Nour sense of what humans are capable of,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.50,0:05:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by mixing in people who are too different.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.01,0:05:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Yes, but I can make it\Nmuch more palatable
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.58,0:06:00.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by saying it's not necessarily about race.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.82,0:06:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.11,0:06:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's wonderful work by a political\Nscientist named Karen Stenner,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.31,0:06:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who shows that when people have a sense
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.56,0:06:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are all united,\Nwe're all the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.82,0:06:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are many people who have\Na predisposition to authoritarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.09,0:06:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those people aren't particularly racist
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.16,0:06:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they feel as through\Nthere's not a threat
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.35,0:06:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our social and moral order.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.07,0:06:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you prime them experimentally
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.13,0:06:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by thinking we're coming apart,\Npeople are getting more different,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.28,0:06:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they get more racist, homophobic,\Nthey want to kick out the deviants.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.83,0:06:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's in part that you get\Nan authoritarian reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.76,0:06:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The left, following through\Nthe Lennonist line --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.12,0:06:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the John Lennon line --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.43,0:06:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does things that create\Nan authoritarian reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.87,0:06:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're certainly seeing that\Nin America with the alt-right.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.68,0:06:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw it in Britain,\Nwe've seen it all over Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.29,0:06:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the more positive part of that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.90,0:06:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that I think the localists,\Nor the nationalists, are actually right --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.22,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, if you emphasize\Nour cultural similarity,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.03,0:06:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then race doesn't actually\Nmatter very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.28,0:06:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So an assimilationist\Napproach to immigration
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.01,0:07:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,removes a lot of these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.59,0:07:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you value having\Na generous welfare state,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've got to emphasize\Nthat we're all the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.84,0:07:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: OK, so rising immigration\Nand fears about that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.96,0:07:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are one of the causes\Nof the current divide.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.15,0:07:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are other causes?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.89,0:07:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: The next principle of moral psychology
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.93,0:07:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that intuitions come first,\Nstrategic reasoning second.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.76,0:07:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've probably heard\Nthe term "motivated reasoning"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.26,0:07:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "confirmation bias."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.89,0:07:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some really interesting work
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.83,0:07:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how our high intelligence\Nand our verbal abilities
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.94,0:07:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might have evolved\Nnot to help us find out the truth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.16,0:07:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to help us manipulate each other,\Ndefend our reputation ...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.16,0:07:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're really, really good\Nat justifying ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.15,0:07:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you bring\Ngroup interests into account,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.54,0:07:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's not just me,\Nit's my team versus your team,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.30,0:07:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas if you're evaluating evidence\Nthat your side is wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.24,0:07:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we just can't accept that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.02,0:07:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is why you can't win\Na political argument.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.76,0:07:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're debating something,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.28,0:07:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't persuade the person\Nwith reasons and evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.35,0:07:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's not\Nthe way reasoning works.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.72,0:08:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, give us the internet,\Ngive us Google:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.52,0:08:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I heard that Barack Obama\Nwas born in Kenya.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.28,0:08:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me Google that -- oh my God!\N10 million hits! Look, he was!"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.25,0:08:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So this has come as an unpleasant\Nsurprise to a lot of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.41,0:08:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media has often been framed\Nby techno-optimists
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.28,0:08:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as this great connecting force\Nthat would bring people together.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.56,0:08:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there have been some\Nunexpected counter-effects to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.92,0:08:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.10,0:08:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why I'm very enamored\Nof yin-yang views
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.50,0:08:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human nature and left-right --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.14,0:08:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that each side is right\Nabout certain things,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.63,0:08:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then it goes blind to other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.78,0:08:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the left generally believes\Nthat human nature is good:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.78,0:08:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bring people together, knock down\Nthe walls and all will be well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.97,0:08:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The right -- social conservatives,\Nnot libertarians --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.55,0:08:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social conservatives generally\Nbelieve people can be greedy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.83,0:08:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sexual and selfish,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.24,0:08:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need regulation,\Nand we need restrictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.21,0:08:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, yeah, if you knock down all the walls,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.64,0:08:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allow people to communicate\Nall over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.89,0:08:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get a lot of porn and a lot of racism.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.98,0:09:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So help us understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.26,0:09:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These principles of human nature\Nhave been with us forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.92,0:09:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's changed that's deepened\Nthis feeling of division?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.36,0:09:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: You have to see six to ten\Ndifferent threads all coming together.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.37,0:09:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll just list a couple of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.40,0:09:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in America, one of the big --\Nactually, America and Europe --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.90,0:09:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the biggest ones is World War II.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.84,0:09:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's interesting research\Nfrom Joe Henrich and others
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.50,0:09:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that says if your country was at war,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.93,0:09:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when you were young,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.51,0:09:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we test you 30 years later\Nin a commons dilemma
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.65,0:09:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a prisoner's dilemma,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're more cooperative.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.98,0:09:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of our tribal nature, if you're --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.88,0:09:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my parents were teenagers\Nduring World War II,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.82,0:09:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would go out\Nlooking for scraps of aluminum
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.41,0:09:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help the war effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.62,0:09:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, everybody pulled together.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.82,0:09:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so then these people go on,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.37,0:09:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they rise up through business\Nand government,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.80,0:09:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they take leadership positions.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.45,0:09:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're really good\Nat compromise and cooperation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.73,0:10:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They all retire by the '90s.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.68,0:10:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're left with baby boomers\Nby the end of the '90s.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.01,0:10:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their youth was spent fighting\Neach other within each country,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.00,0:10:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1968 and afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.67,0:10:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The loss of the World War II generation,\N"The Greatest Generation,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.69,0:10:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is huge.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.57,0:10:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.44,0:10:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another, in America,\Nis the purification of the two parties.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.95,0:10:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There used to be liberal Republicans\Nand conservative Democrats.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.02,0:10:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So America had a mid-20th century\Nthat was really bipartisan.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.21,0:10:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because of a variety of factors\Nthat started things moving,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.60,0:10:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the 90's, we had a purified\Nliberal party and conservative party.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.02,0:10:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, the people in either party\Nreally are different,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.69,0:10:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we really don't want\Nour children to marry them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.20,0:10:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, in the '60s,\Ndidn't matter very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.29,0:10:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the purification of the parties.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.11,0:10:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third is the internet and, as I said,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.61,0:10:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just the most amazing stimulant\Nfor post-hoc reasoning and demonization.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.32,0:10:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: The tone of what's happening\Non the internet now is quite troubling.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.13,0:10:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just did a quick search\Non Twitter about the election
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.00,0:11:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and saw two tweets next to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.34,0:11:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, against a picture of racist graffiti:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.01,0:11:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This is disgusting!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.66,0:11:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ugliness in this country,\Nbrought to us by #Trump."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.42,0:11:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the next one is:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.34,0:11:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Crooked Hillary\Ndedication page. Disgusting!"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.18,0:11:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this idea of "disgust"\Nis troubling to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.41,0:11:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you can have an argument\Nor a disagreement about something,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.67,0:11:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can get angry at someone.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.09,0:11:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disgust, I've heard you say,\Ntakes things to a much deeper level.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.71,0:11:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: That's right. Disgust is different.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.62,0:11:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anger -- you know, I have kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.61,0:11:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They fight 10 times a day,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.38,0:11:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they love each other 30 times a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.37,0:11:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just go back and forth:\Nyou get angry, you're not angry;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.31,0:11:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're angry, you're not angry.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.86,0:11:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But disgust is different.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.19,0:11:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disgust paints the person\Nas subhuman, monstrous,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.69,0:11:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deformed, morally deformed.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.52,0:11:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disgust is like indelible ink.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.77,0:11:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's research from John Gottman\Non marital therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.31,0:12:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the faces -- if one\Nof the couple shows disgust or contempt,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.46,0:12:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a predictor that they're going\Nto get divorced soon,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.58,0:12:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas if they show anger,\Nthat doesn't predict anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.50,0:12:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you deal with anger well,\Nit actually is good.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.23,0:12:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this election is different.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.71,0:12:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Donald Trump personally\Nuses the word "disgust" a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.39,0:12:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's very germ-sensitive,\Nso disgust does matter a lot --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.27,0:12:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more for him, that's something\Nunique to him --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.20,0:12:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as we demonize each other more,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.13,0:12:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and again, through\Nthe Manichaean worldview,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.56,0:12:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea that the world\Nis a battle between good and evil
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.32,0:12:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as this has been ramping up,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.69,0:12:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're more likely not just to say\Nthey're wrong or I don't like them,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.04,0:12:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we say they're evil, they're satanic,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.60,0:12:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're disgusting, they're revolting.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.54,0:12:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we want nothing to do with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.81,0:12:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why I think we're seeing it,\Nfor example, on campus now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.32,0:12:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're seeing more the urge\Nto keep people off campus,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.98,0:12:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silence them, keep them away.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.95,0:12:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm afraid that this whole\Ngeneration of young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.57,0:13:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if their introduction to politics\Ninvolves a lot of disgust,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.39,0:13:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not going to want to be involved\Nin politics as they get older.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.51,0:13:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So how do we deal with that?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.37,0:13:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disgust. How do you defuse disgust?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.87,0:13:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: You can't do it with reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.31,0:13:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think ...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.26,0:13:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I studied disgust for many years,\Nand I think about emotions a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.50,0:13:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that the opposite\Nof disgust is actually love.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.76,0:13:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Love is all about, like ...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.24,0:13:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disgust is closing off, borders.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.83,0:13:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Love is about dissolving walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.07,0:13:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So personal relationships, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.58,0:13:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are probably the most\Npowerful means we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.29,0:13:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can be disgusted by a group of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.01,0:13:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then you meet a particular person
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.95,0:13:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you genuinely discover\Nthat they're lovely.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.75,0:13:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then gradually that chips away\Nor changes your category as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.02,0:13:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tragedy is, Americans used to be\Nmuch more mixed up in the their towns
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.02,0:14:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by left-right or politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.18,0:14:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now that it's become\Nthis great moral divide,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.53,0:14:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a lot of evidence\Nthat we're moving to be near people
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.70,0:14:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are like us politically.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.23,0:14:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's harder to find somebody\Nwho's on the other side.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.79,0:14:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they're over there, they're far away.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.10,0:14:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's harder to get to know them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.70,0:14:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: What would you say to someone\Nor say to Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.94,0:14:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people generally,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.12,0:14:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what we should understand\Nabout each other
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.76,0:14:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might help us rethink for a minute
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.26,0:14:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this "disgust" instinct?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.09,0:14:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.26,0:14:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A really important\Nthing to keep in mind --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.44,0:14:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's research by political\Nscientist Alan Abramowitz,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.18,0:14:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing that American democracy\Nis increasingly governed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.20,0:14:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by what's called "negative partisanship."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.88,0:14:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means you think,\NOK there's a candidate,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.01,0:14:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you like the candidate,\Nyou vote for the candidate.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.44,0:14:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with the rise of negative advertising
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.52,0:14:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and social media\Nand all sorts of other trends,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.77,0:14:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasingly, the way elections are done
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.84,0:15:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that each side tries to make\Nthe other side so horrible, so awful,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.84,0:15:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you'll vote for my guy by default.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.32,0:15:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so as we more and more vote\Nagainst the other side
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.31,0:15:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not for our side,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.67,0:15:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to keep in mind\Nthat if people are on the left,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.20,0:15:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they think, "Well, I used to think\Nthat Republicans were bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.13,0:15:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now Donald Trump proves it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.64,0:15:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now every Republican,\NI can paint with all the things
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.52,0:15:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I think about Trump."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.92,0:15:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's not necessarily true.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.54,0:15:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're generally not very happy\Nwith their candidate.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.25,0:15:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the most negative partisanship\Nelection in American history.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.86,0:15:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have to first separate\Nyour feelings about the candidate
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.25,0:15:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from your feelings about the people\Nwho are given a choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.21,0:15:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you have to realize that,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.25,0:15:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we all live\Nin a separate moral world --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.69,0:15:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the metaphor I use in the book\Nis that we're all trapped in "The Matrix,"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.16,0:15:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or each moral community is a matrix,\Na consensual hallucination.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.71,0:15:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so if you're within the blue matrix,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.98,0:15:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything's completely compelling\Nthat the other side --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.20,0:15:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're troglodytes, they're racists,\Nthey're the worst people in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.85,0:16:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have all the facts\Nto back that up.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.98,0:16:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But somebody in the next house from yours
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.28,0:16:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is living in a different moral matrix.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.34,0:16:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They live in a different video game,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.31,0:16:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they see a completely\Ndifferent set of facts.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.71,0:16:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And each one sees\Ndifferent threats to the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.41,0:16:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I've found\Nfrom being in the middle
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.52,0:16:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to understand both sides\Nis: both sides are right.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.48,0:16:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a lot of threats\Nto this country,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.62,0:16:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each side is constitutionally\Nincapable of seeing them all.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.96,0:16:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So, are you saying\Nthat we almost need a new type of empathy?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.51,0:16:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy is traditionally framed as:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.70,0:16:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, I feel your pain.\NI can put myself in your shoes."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.42,0:16:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we apply it to the poor,\Nthe needy, the suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.02,0:16:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't usually apply it\Nto people who we feel as other,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.87,0:16:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we're disgusted by.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.36,0:16:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: No. That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.53,0:16:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: What would it look like\Nto build that type of empathy?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.27,0:16:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Actually, I think ...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.14,0:16:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy is a very, very\Nhot topic in psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.47,0:16:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a very popular word\Non the left in particular.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.16,0:17:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy is a good thing, and empathy\Nfor the preferred classes of victims.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.18,0:17:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's important to empathize
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.66,0:17:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the groups that we on the left\Nthink are so important.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.50,0:17:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's easy to do,\Nbecause you get points for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.44,0:17:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But empathy really should get you points\Nif you do it when it's hard to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.51,0:17:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, I think ...
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.29,0:17:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we had a long 50-year period\Nof dealing with our race problems
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.40,0:17:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and legal discrimination,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.68,0:17:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was our top priority\Nfor a long time
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.89,0:17:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it still is important.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.17,0:17:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.72,0:17:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm hoping it will make people see
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.15,0:17:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have an existential\Nthreat on our hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.97,0:17:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our left-right divide, I believe,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.66,0:17:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by far the most important\Ndivide we face.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.84,0:17:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still have issues about race\Nand gender and LGBT,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.90,0:17:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is the urgent need\Nof the next 50 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.29,0:17:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things aren't going\Nto get better on their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.02,0:17:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're going to need to do\Na lot of institutional reforms,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.88,0:17:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could talk about that,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.31,0:17:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's like a whole long,\Nwonky conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.67,0:17:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think it starts with people\Nrealizing that this is a turning point.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.54,0:18:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yes, we need a new kind of empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.37,0:18:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to realize:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.90,0:18:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what our country needs,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.46,0:18:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what you need\Nif you don't want to --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.84,0:18:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raise your hand if you want\Nto spend the next four years
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.56,0:18:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as angry and worried as you've been\Nfor the last year -- raise your hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.07,0:18:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you want to escape from this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.80,0:18:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read Buddha, read Jesus,\Nread Marcus Aurelius.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.98,0:18:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have all kinds of great advice\Nfor how to drop the fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.06,0:18:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reframe things,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.26,0:18:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stop seeing other people as your enemy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.37,0:18:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of guidance in ancient\Nwisdom for this kind of empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.70,0:18:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Here's my last question:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.10,0:18:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Personally, what can\Npeople do to help heal?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.46,0:18:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Yeah, it's very hard to just decide\Nto overcome your deepest prejudices.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.57,0:18:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's research showing
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.05,0:18:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that political prejudices are deeper\Nand stronger than race prejudices
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.43,0:18:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the country now.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.40,0:18:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think you have to make an effort --\Nthat's the main thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.85,0:18:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make an effort to actually meet somebody.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.88,0:18:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody has a cousin, a brother-in-law,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.11,0:18:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody who's on the other side.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.01,0:18:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, after this election --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.25,0:19:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wait a week or two,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.63,0:19:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's probably going to feel\Nawful for one of you --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.49,0:19:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but wait a couple weeks, and then\Nreach out and say you want to talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.66,0:19:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And before you do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.11,0:19:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read Dale Carnegie, "How to Win\NFriends and Influence People" --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.28,0:19:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.34,0:19:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm totally serious.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.53,0:19:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll learn techniques\Nif you start by acknowledging,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.15,0:19:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you start by saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.33,0:19:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know, we don't agree on a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.03,0:19:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but one thing I really respect\Nabout you, Uncle Bob,"
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.59,0:19:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "... about you conservatives, is ... "
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.67,0:19:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can find something.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.03,0:19:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you start with some\Nappreciation, it's like magic.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.82,0:19:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of the main\Nthings I've learned
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.96,0:19:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I take into my human relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.89,0:19:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I still make lots of stupid mistakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.84,0:19:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm incredibly good\Nat apologizing now,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.88,0:19:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at acknowledging what\Nsomebody was right about.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.32,0:19:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.50,0:19:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the conversation goes really well,\Nand it's actually really fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.72,0:19:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Jon, it's absolutely fascinating\Nspeaking with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.39,0:19:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It really does feel like\Nthe ground that we're on
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.17,0:19:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a ground populated by deep questions\Nof morality and human nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.37,0:19:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your wisdom couldn't be more relevant.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.81,0:20:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much for sharing\Nthis time with us.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.13,0:20:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Thanks, Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.31,0:20:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JH: Thanks, everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.49,0:20:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)