0:00:01.291,0:00:05.370 (electronic music) 0:00:05.370,0:00:07.670 - [Narrator] Computer[br]scientist Leonard Kleinrock 0:00:07.670,0:00:10.540 arrived at UCLA in 1963 0:00:10.540,0:00:13.750 fresh from receiving his PhD from MIT. 0:00:13.750,0:00:15.990 Kleinrock's research[br]was on data networking 0:00:15.990,0:00:17.840 and packet switching. 0:00:17.840,0:00:20.020 - Well, the underlying[br]technology of the internet 0:00:20.020,0:00:21.610 is packet switching. 0:00:21.610,0:00:25.010 That's the way your messages,[br]your videos, your voice, 0:00:25.010,0:00:27.280 your pictures, your data are transmitted 0:00:27.280,0:00:29.720 in little chunks called packets. 0:00:29.720,0:00:32.359 So a long messages broken[br]up into smaller packets, 0:00:32.359,0:00:36.010 each packet is addressed[br]and sent through the network 0:00:36.010,0:00:39.428 like a bunch of postcards[br]carrying a long letter 0:00:39.428,0:00:42.920 independently making their[br]way through the network 0:00:42.920,0:00:45.893 arriving at the other end,[br]being put back together again 0:00:45.893,0:00:48.090 and delivered to you as an entity, 0:00:48.090,0:00:49.663 as a longer message. 0:00:50.940,0:00:52.350 - [Narrator] In the late 1960s 0:00:52.350,0:00:54.550 the Advanced Research Project Agency 0:00:54.550,0:00:57.622 decided that UCLA under[br]Kleinrock's leadership 0:00:57.622,0:01:00.112 would become the first[br]node of the ARPANET, 0:01:00.112,0:01:02.740 a fledgling network of computers connected 0:01:02.740,0:01:06.400 to various research[br]universities across the country. 0:01:06.400,0:01:10.130 The first switch known as an[br]interface message processor 0:01:10.130,0:01:13.590 arrived on Labor Day weekend, 1969. 0:01:13.590,0:01:16.860 The switch was connected[br]to a host computer at UCLA 0:01:16.860,0:01:18.863 on September 2nd. 0:01:18.863,0:01:21.440 - You might say at September 2nd 0:01:21.440,0:01:25.600 that infant internet, that one node 0:01:25.600,0:01:29.227 took its first breath of[br]life in that it was born 0:01:29.227,0:01:31.200 and met the outside world 0:01:31.200,0:01:33.970 which was in the form of[br]our time-shared computer. 0:01:33.970,0:01:36.143 But one node does not make a network. 0:01:37.190,0:01:38.080 - [Narrator] One month later, 0:01:38.080,0:01:39.650 a second switch was delivered to 0:01:39.650,0:01:41.832 Stanford Research Institute. 0:01:41.832,0:01:45.510 Then on October 29th, 1969, 0:01:45.510,0:01:49.490 right here at UCLA on the[br]3rd floor of Boelter Hall 0:01:49.490,0:01:51.970 Kleinrock's group attempted[br]to log into the node 0:01:51.970,0:01:54.400 at Stanford Research Institute. 0:01:54.400,0:01:57.033 This would be the first[br]message sent on the internet. 0:01:57.033,0:02:01.880 - Now to login we have to type L-O-G 0:02:01.880,0:02:03.503 and the remote computer is smart enough 0:02:03.503,0:02:04.670 to know what we're trying to do. 0:02:04.670,0:02:06.003 It types the I-N for us. 0:02:07.630,0:02:11.550 So I had Charlie Klein[br]at my end and Mr. Duval 0:02:11.550,0:02:13.540 at the other end, programmers, 0:02:13.540,0:02:16.010 and instructed Charlie[br]to type in the L-O-G 0:02:16.010,0:02:18.640 and he had a telephone[br]connection with Duval. 0:02:18.640,0:02:20.437 So Charlie typed L, he said, 0:02:20.437,0:02:21.767 "Did you get the L?" 0:02:21.767,0:02:23.370 "Yep, got the L." 0:02:23.370,0:02:25.467 Typed the O, "Got the O?" 0:02:25.467,0:02:26.430 "Got the O." 0:02:26.430,0:02:27.405 Typed the G, "Get the G?" 0:02:27.405,0:02:29.150 (clap hands)[br]Crash! 0:02:29.150,0:02:31.510 The SRI computer crashed. 0:02:31.510,0:02:36.320 So the first message ever[br]on the internet was lo. 0:02:36.320,0:02:38.555 As in, lo and behold. 0:02:38.555,0:02:41.130 We didn't plan it but we[br]could not have come up with 0:02:41.130,0:02:42.610 a better message. 0:02:42.610,0:02:46.293 Short, prophetic, planning[br]what the future would be. 0:02:47.200,0:02:48.930 - [Narrator] In the early[br]days of the internet. 0:02:48.930,0:02:51.300 Kleinrock directed the[br]Network Measurement Center 0:02:51.300,0:02:53.030 at UCLA Engineering, 0:02:53.030,0:02:55.130 designed to test, measure and stress 0:02:55.130,0:02:57.520 the limits of the emerging network. 0:02:57.520,0:02:59.600 - We tried to break the network. 0:02:59.600,0:03:02.350 We sent lots of traffic[br]to individual sites. 0:03:02.350,0:03:04.870 We sucked up a lot of traffic ourselves. 0:03:04.870,0:03:09.370 We basically tried to send[br]strange messages, heavy messages, 0:03:09.370,0:03:11.850 to test the outer envelope of the network. 0:03:11.850,0:03:13.090 That was our job. 0:03:13.090,0:03:13.923 And we did. 0:03:13.923,0:03:16.050 We found that just what[br]the network was capable of, 0:03:16.050,0:03:17.069 where it would break, 0:03:17.069,0:03:20.291 what we would need to[br]extend its capabilities. 0:03:20.291,0:03:22.686 - [Narrator] In 45 years at UCLA, 0:03:22.686,0:03:26.590 Leonard Kleinrock has[br]graduated 47 PhD students 0:03:26.590,0:03:28.340 and more are still in the pipeline. 0:03:29.177,0:03:33.933 - Getting a PhD is learning[br]how to do research. 0:03:34.860,0:03:38.030 And so, as their mentor,[br]as their supervisor 0:03:38.030,0:03:40.830 it's my responsibility[br]to make sure they have 0:03:40.830,0:03:43.630 the right approach to doing research. 0:03:43.630,0:03:45.250 We must teach our students 0:03:45.250,0:03:47.820 to take a longterm view on research, 0:03:47.820,0:03:50.650 not a short-term, narrow view, 0:03:50.650,0:03:54.210 but a longterm, broad view, innovative, 0:03:54.210,0:03:56.313 dangerous and exciting. 0:03:57.250,0:03:59.850 That's the kind of mentality[br]you want to carry on 0:03:59.850,0:04:01.463 generation after generation. 0:04:02.400,0:04:03.530 - [Narrator] For his pioneering work 0:04:03.530,0:04:06.320 on the technological[br]foundation of the internet 0:04:06.320,0:04:07.930 and for mentoring generations 0:04:07.930,0:04:10.420 of outstanding computer scientists, 0:04:10.420,0:04:13.350 Leonard Kleinrock received[br]the National Medal of Science 0:04:13.350,0:04:15.560 in September, 2008. 0:04:15.560,0:04:18.223 The metal is the nation's[br]highest scientific honor. 0:04:19.070,0:04:23.080 For more than 40 years, UCLA[br]professor Leonard Kleinrock 0:04:23.080,0:04:27.500 has been a leader, an innovator,[br]a scholar and a mentor 0:04:27.500,0:04:29.600 in the computer science field. 0:04:29.600,0:04:32.700 His pioneering internet[br]work at UCLA Engineering 0:04:32.700,0:04:36.143 has a global reach and will[br]have a long-lasting impact. 0:04:38.540,0:04:41.310 The UCLA Henry Samueli[br]School of Engineering 0:04:41.310,0:04:44.433 and Applied Science, the[br]birthplace of the internet. 0:04:45.327,0:04:48.660 (electronic music ends)