[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.70,0:00:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Voiceover] Hey grammarians,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.51,0:00:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today I'm gonna talk about the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.51,0:00:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the indefinite pronoun,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.65,0:00:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which looks kinda complicated
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.18,0:00:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but really just does\Nwhat it says on the tin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.60,0:00:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An indefinite pronoun is just that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.08,0:00:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's indefinite, undefined, uncertain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.56,0:00:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are pronouns that we use when
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.79,0:00:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not being especially specific.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.79,0:00:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Words like
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.48,0:00:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any, anybody, each, everyone, nobody.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.40,0:00:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any time I need to remember
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.80,0:00:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what words fall into this category
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.28,0:00:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of indefinite pronouns,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.47,0:00:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just think of the song
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.49,0:00:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody Needs Somebody to Love,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.58,0:00:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,originally by Solomon Burke,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.69,0:00:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then later made famous\Nby the Rolling Stones
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.97,0:00:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Blues Brothers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.37,0:00:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a cool thing about indefinite pronouns,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.24,0:00:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually there are a couple.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.29,0:00:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one, they can be used as both
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.54,0:00:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subject or object in a sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.37,0:00:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you said to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.46,0:00:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"David, do you want pizza?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.17,0:00:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could respond,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.52,0:00:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yes, please! I'd love some,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.69,0:00:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using it as an object,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.96,0:00:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or equally plausibly I could say,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.05,0:01:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yes, please! Some would be great,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.56,0:01:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using it as a subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.06,0:01:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another really cool thing\Nabout indefinite pronouns
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.04,0:01:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the words both,\Nneither, and either
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.81,0:01:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,retain the dual.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.71,0:01:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are some of the only words in English
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.29,0:01:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that refer to only two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.91,0:01:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these three pronouns are actually
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.28,0:01:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little bit less indefinite than
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.88,0:01:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most indefinite pronouns\Nbecause they refer to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.93,0:01:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a set of two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.25,0:01:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if someone asks me,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.15,0:01:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Do you like mangoes or cherries more?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.33,0:01:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could say,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.06,0:01:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I like both equally,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.91,0:01:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,referring to the cherries and the mangoes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.56,0:01:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.100,0:01:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is really strange because,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.44,0:01:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in English, this dual case\Ndoesn't really exist anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.55,0:01:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for in very limited amounts
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.54,0:01:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because English distinguishes between
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.40,0:01:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not there's one of something
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.28,0:01:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more than one of something,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.74,0:01:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is one of the very few cases
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.34,0:01:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we ever distinguish between
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.92,0:01:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than one of something
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.50,0:01:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and specifically two of something.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.16,0:01:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are not a whole\Nlot of words in English
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.74,0:02:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that refer to that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.15,0:02:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I think that's really cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.30,0:02:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third cool thing about\Nindefinite pronouns is that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.07,0:02:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're usually treated\Nas singular, usually.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.53,0:02:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So words like both, neither, and either
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.13,0:02:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are obviously plural but there are some
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.62,0:02:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are a little bit fuzzier.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.91,0:02:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in this sentence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.05,0:02:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Nobody was home,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.30,0:02:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use the word was, the singular form.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.97,0:02:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though that nobody could\Nrefer to multiple people,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.08,0:02:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's really referring\Nto the absence of anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.59,0:02:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, in this sentence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.92,0:02:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Everybody knows that I love onions,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.94,0:02:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use the word knows, just like we'd say
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.93,0:02:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he knows, she knows, it knows.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.76,0:02:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's the singular form of that verb.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.41,0:02:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though the idea of everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.78,0:02:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would seem to refer to\Nmore than one person.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.31,0:02:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The indefinite pronoun that we use
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.54,0:02:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to refer everybody usually conjugates
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.44,0:02:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the third person singular\Nform of verbs, usually.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.04,0:03:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's get to one of the\Nweirder examples, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.10,0:03:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because sometimes the context can
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.03,0:03:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carry you along into something that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.96,0:03:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might seem a little quote, unquote
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.37,0:03:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"ungrammatical" but\Nreally reflects the way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.72,0:03:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that language is used today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.15,0:03:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so although you might say
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.99,0:03:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Everyone is looking at me,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.74,0:03:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here's an example from\NGarner's Modern American Usage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.99,0:03:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is one of the\Nseveral car-sized books
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.84,0:03:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm using to construct\Nthis grammar course.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.51,0:03:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Everyone was crouched behind\Nfurniture to surprise me,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.18,0:03:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but I already knew they were there."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.11,0:03:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see in the\Nbeginning of this sentence,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.90,0:03:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we say "Everyone was,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.50,0:03:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then in the second\Npart of the sentence,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.68,0:03:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we say "they were,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.81,0:03:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're using they to refer to everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.34,0:03:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can this be?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.29,0:03:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This doesn't seem grammatical.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.20,0:03:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as Garner says,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.94,0:03:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sometimes meaning rather than\Ngrammar governs agreement."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.58,0:04:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this grammatical?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.16,0:04:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, in that it makes sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.15,0:04:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it adhere concretely\Nand in an iron-clad way
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.70,0:04:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these rules that we've established?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.47,0:04:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, but language is kind\Nof messy in that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.35,0:04:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes the meaning of the sentence,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.69,0:04:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that here everyone\Nrefers to multiple people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.69,0:04:20.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to override the rules
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.57,0:04:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are previously established.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.61,0:04:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's okay,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.75,0:04:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as you're making sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.37,0:04:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So relative pronouns are usually singular,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.02,0:04:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless the context drags them\Ninto the realm of plural.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.31,0:04:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So like their name implies,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.66,0:04:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes indefinite\Npronouns can be a little...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.54,0:04:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indefinite.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.18,0:04:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, here are the three cool things
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.48,0:04:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about indefinite pronouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.99,0:04:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one, they can be\Nused as subjects or objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.14,0:04:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both, neither, and either\Nretain the dual form,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.60,0:04:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is super weird.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.48,0:04:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And number three, indefinite\Npronouns are usually
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.81,0:04:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treated as singular.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.82,0:04:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.10,0:04:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that's confusing,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.12,0:04:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I have faith in you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.49,0:05:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can learn anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.18,0:05:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David, out.