[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.06,0:00:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cigarettes aren’t good for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.37,0:00:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s hardly news--we’ve known \Nabout the dangers of smoking for decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.86,0:00:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how exactly do cigarettes harm us?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.15,0:00:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s look at what happens \Nas their ingredients
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.42,0:00:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make their way through our bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.15,0:00:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we benefit physically \Nwhen we finally give up smoking.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.38,0:00:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With each inhalation,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.36,0:00:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smoke brings its more than 5,000 \Nchemical substances
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.16,0:00:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into contact with the body’s tissues.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.90,0:00:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the start, tar, \Na black, resinous material,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.44,0:00:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,begins to coat the teeth and gums,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.82,0:00:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,damaging tooth enamel, \Nand eventually causing decay.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.71,0:00:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over time, smoke also damages \Nnerve-endings in the nose,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.72,0:00:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing loss of smell.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.37,0:00:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inside the airways and the lungs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.82,0:00:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smoke increases \Nthe likelihood of infections,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.60,0:00:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as chronic diseases\Nlike bronchitis and emphysema.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.59,0:01:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It does this by damaging the cilia,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.71,0:01:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tiny hairlike structures whose job it is \Nto keep the airways clean.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.24,0:01:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It then fills the alveoli,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.50,0:01:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tiny air sacs that enable the exchange \Nof oxygen and carbon dioxide
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.65,0:01:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the lungs and blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.42,0:01:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A toxic gas called carbon monoxide \Ncrosses that membrane into the blood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.25,0:01:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,binding to hemoglobin
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.96,0:01:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and displacing the oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.82,0:01:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would usually have transported\Naround the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.77,0:01:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s one of the reasons smoking \Ncan lead to oxygen deprivation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.38,0:01:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shortness of breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.70,0:01:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within about 10 seconds,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.12,0:01:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bloodstream carries a stimulant \Ncalled nicotine to the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.99,0:01:42.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triggering the release of dopamine \Nand other neurotransmitters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.41,0:01:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including endorphins
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.69,0:01:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that create the pleasurable sensations \Nwhich make smoking highly addictive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.68,0:01:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nicotine and other chemicals \Nfrom the cigarette
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.04,0:01:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simultaneously cause constriction \Nof blood vessels
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.01,0:01:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and damage their delicate \Nendothelial lining,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.94,0:01:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,restricting blood flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.90,0:02:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These vascular effects lead \Nto thickening of blood vessel walls
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.96,0:02:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enhance blood platelet stickiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.47,0:02:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing the likelihood \Nthat clots will form
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.06,0:02:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trigger heart attacks and strokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.93,0:02:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes \Ncan trigger dangerous mutations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.69,0:02:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the body’s DNA that make cancers form.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.10,0:02:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Additionally, ingredients like arsenic \Nand nickel
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.96,0:02:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may disrupt the process of DNA repair,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.52,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus compromising the body’s ability \Nto fight many cancers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, about one of every three \Ncancer deaths in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.18,0:02:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is caused by smoking.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.22,0:02:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it’s not just lung cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.57,0:02:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smoking can cause cancer \Nin multiple tissues and organs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.94,0:02:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as damaged eyesight
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.74,0:02:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and weakened bones.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.90,0:02:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes it harder \Nfor women to get pregnant.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.11,0:02:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in men,\Nit can cause erectile dysfunction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.09,0:02:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for those who quit smoking,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.78,0:02:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there’s a huge positive upside
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.76,0:02:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with almost immediate \Nand long-lasting physical benefits.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.33,0:02:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just 20 minutes after \Na smoker’s final cigarette,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.01,0:03:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their heart rate and blood pressure\Nbegin to return to normal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.84,0:03:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After 12 hours, \Ncarbon monoxide levels stabilize,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.26,0:03:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing the blood’s \Noxygen-carrying capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.14,0:03:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A day after ceasing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.54,0:03:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heart attack risk begins to decrease as\Nblood pressure and heart rates normalize.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.89,0:03:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After two days,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.17,0:03:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nerve endings responsible \Nfor smell and taste start to recover.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.09,0:03:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lungs become healthier \Nafter about one month,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.52,0:03:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with less coughing \Nand shortness of breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.88,0:03:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The delicate hair-like cilia \Nin the airways and lungs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.100,0:03:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start recovering within weeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.08,0:03:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are restored after 9 months, \Nimproving resistance to infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.34,0:03:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the one-year anniversary of quitting,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.72,0:03:42.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heart disease risk plummets to half\Nas blood vessel function improves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.89,0:03:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five years in,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.16,0:03:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chance of a clot forming\Ndramatically declines,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.84,0:03:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the risk of stroke \Ncontinues to reduce.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.90,0:03:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After ten years, the chances \Nof developing fatal lung cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.35,0:03:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go down by 50%,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.40,0:04:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably because the body’s ability \Nto repair DNA is once again restored.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.17,0:04:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifteen years in, the likelihood \Nof developing coronary heart disease
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.01,0:04:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is essentially the same \Nas that of a non-smoker.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.81,0:04:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s no point pretending \Nthis is all easy to achieve.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.82,0:04:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quitting can lead to anxiety \Nand depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.64,0:04:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resulting from nicotine withdrawal.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.58,0:04:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But fortunately, \Nsuch effects are usually temporary.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.29,0:04:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And quitting is getting easier,\Nthanks to a growing arsenal of tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.98,0:04:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nicotine replacement therapy through gum,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.43,0:04:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skin patches,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.66,0:04:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lozenges,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.65,0:04:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sprays
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.73,0:04:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may help wean smokers off cigarettes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.34,0:04:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They work by stimulating \Nnicotine receptors in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.46,0:04:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.85,0:04:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without the addition \Nof other harmful chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.76,0:04:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Counselling and support groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.47,0:04:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cognitive behavioral therapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.41,0:04:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and moderate intensity exercise
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.61,0:04:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also help smokers stay cigarette-free.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.06,0:04:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s good news,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.61,0:04:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since quitting puts you and your body \Non the path back to health.