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The Internet's Missing Link:
Tools for Turning Talk Into Action

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Ben Knight

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Personal Democracy
Forum 2014

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Thanks a lot Micheal and thanks everyone

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for having me this very faraway place.

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A few years ago I started a PhD

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researching the evolution of

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collective intelligence and humans.

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I was really obsessed with this

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one question which was why is it that

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humans as far as we know are the only

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species that's getting collectively more

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and more intelligent over time ? With

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every generation we're able to do things

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that are more complex than the previous

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generation. Naturally I was

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sent to Texas and ended up working with

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chimpanzees, teaching them to use

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touch screens so to try and get to the

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the bottom of this.

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The question that i was asking every

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night when I went home from the primate

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Center I'd open my computer and I'd see

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all this evidence of things going

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seriously wrong in the world.

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Things like ecosystem collapse,

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out-of-control extractive economy on a

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global scale and income inequality just

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going through the roof and everywhere

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you look. My initial research

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question was pushed out by a much more

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urgent question which is how is it that

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if we're getting so much smarter all the

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time

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how is it that our biggest institutions

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are just behaving in a way that's less and

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less intelligent. So unintelligent

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that it's putting the future of the

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planet and everyone on it at risk.

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The internet has been heralded for

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decades now as a potentially

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transformative force. In terms of

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accumulating knowledge and making

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communication instantaneous and

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accessible at connecting people more

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than they've ever been connected. And it

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really does have that potential when you

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see things like Wikipedia which we take

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for granted every day where a group of

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people have set up to to make the sum

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total of all human knowledge accessible

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to anyone anywhere. And they're doing it

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and it's amazing. That brings up

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another question which is

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you know if this is the case, why has the

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internet not helped in terms of, you know,

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our largest institutions behaving in a

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severely unintelligent way that's

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putting everything at risk.

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Well at the moment, the internet feels

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like immensely powerful but

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disembodied brain. You hear this metaphor

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a lot about the internet being like this

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distributed global brain. At the moment

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it feels like it's sort of floating off

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somewhere in space disconnected from the

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distributed global body or like the

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limbs in the physical world that are

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deeply impacting on our environment.

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That's where the big institutions are

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coming. The things that really affect

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our ecology and our living

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conditions on a huge scale. These are

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things without a brain. Theses are huge

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institutions driven by self-interest and

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without anyone really at the helm.

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Just driven by these processes

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that would we've put in place over decades

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and totally disconnected from this

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amazing wealth of collective

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intelligence that's increasing

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exponentially. In 2011 something

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really interesting started happening.

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I have been sitting in Texas getting so

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disillusioned with the slow pace of

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academic research, translating into

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real-world impact that I started feeling

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more and more guilt. I've started feeling

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irresponsible for pouring my life into

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this academic pursuit that was

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interesting but just felt so slow

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compared to the urgency of the problems

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we're facing. So I came back to New

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Zealand and i got involved in grassroots

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community organizing and social justice

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activism. I just felt this real need

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to connect with real people in real

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communities. Then in 2011,

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largely through social media

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seeing as many people

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in this room would have experienced

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seeing these images flooding through

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all the new kind of social movement a

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social movement that looked

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distinctively different to anything I've

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seen before. Starting in Tunisia

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in january 2011 and then

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spreading through to the arab spring

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protests in Egypt and then the

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indignados and 15M mouvements

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in Latin America and Spain and then

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the Occupy movement and Wall Street

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starting in Wall Street and then spreading

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to literally hundreds of cities around

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the world even as far away as New

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Zealand. So this felt to me and I'm sure

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to many other people here like the first

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time the internet had spoken out into

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the real world. The first time this

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sort of massive interconnexion had lead

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people in really large numbers to get

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out on the streets. And so if this is

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the first time the Internet has really

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spoken

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what do you think its first word was ?

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The internet more than anything else

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that was seen in the last few years has

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provided this massive infrastructure

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immensely powerful for mobilizing huge

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numbers of people to come together and

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all say no at once. But then what

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happened ?

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We were sort of left with this

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situation this vacuum once the

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oppressive regime has been deposed once

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the petition has been successful

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the sort of once something's been

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taken away when you mobilized in

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opposition to something

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how do you then transition to sustain

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constructive collective action ? So how do

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we get from this situation to this

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situation how do we get from the angry

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infant that doesn't say yes until

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they're you know six months further down

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the track ? And how do we sort of take

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this mass of information that we're all

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exchanging at an ever-increasing pace

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and translate it into constructive

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generative shared action ? That's

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what a bunch of us in Wellington,

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a bunch of technologists open source

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developers facilitators and activists

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have been working on for the last 18 to

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24 months. It came out of

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this experience of collective

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decision-making on a large scale and

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knowing that this was happening in

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cities all over the world on every

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continent that people who've never met

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are coming together were talking they

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were deliberating and they were

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organizing a directly democratic way,

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where every voice
could be heard with diverse

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perspectives could contribute to a

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process that would lead groups to come

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to better outcomes than any individual

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would buy themselves. Seeing the

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power of that process and the potential

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on a really large scale for it to have a

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transformative effect. But also seeing

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the flip side of that. Seeing the just a

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practical constraints of needing to be

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in the same place at the same time

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seeing what happens to people when

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they're in meetings for five hours and

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nothing gets decided.

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Or when the loudest voices in the room

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dominate the discussion have a

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disproportionate influence over the

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decision-making and over the course of

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weeks seeing the disintegration that

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selection pressure leads to. The

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same entrenched power structures emerged

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from these groups that had an explicit

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commitment to and two deep deliberative

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Democratic inclusive process end up with

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these emergent informal sort of

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accidental dictatorships. We felt like

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we're using the internet to communicate

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every day

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surely there's tool out there surely

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there's some way of using that

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infrastructure to not just talk but to

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have discussions, then lead to

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building a shared understanding and

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eventually to agreed outcomes that can

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be implemented. The platform

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that we came up with came to be known as

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Loomio which has got two

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elements in the name via the idea of a

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loom weaving disparity threads

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together into a coherent whole. Also

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the illumination that comes with from

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the collective wisdom of a group of

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people with diverse perspectives feeding

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together. Where we're at now is

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we've got a robust beta

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prototype that's being used by thousands

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of groups around the world and it looks

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a bit like this. It's a really

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simple user-friendly tool that allows

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groups to have a discussion, start a

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discussion on any topic. If the group

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gets to a point where it makes sense to

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try and make a decision together it

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then anyone can put up a proposal. So a

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good proposal is just a very clear

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course of action I think the group

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should do this. Like an in-person

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group that works really well together

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you have this flexibility where

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you can change your position at any time.

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So someone makes a compelling point that

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you hadn't thought of you can go from

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disagreeing to agreeing. This is sort of

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taking the basic protocol the sort

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of the name of collective

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decision-making that was so that was

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really spread through social media

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around the Occupy movement and around

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the other the other social movements and

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the wave in 2011 and putting it into the

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the most accessible online environment

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that that we can design. When you

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get to the end of the process you always

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have a clear outcome. An actionable clear

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outcome. This is where

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all of these groups that are currently

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trying to make decisions through

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facebook trying to make decisions

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through email these platforms that were

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just not built for having that

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convergence around a shared outcome that

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works for everyone. As soon as

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we had a prototype up and running it was

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taken up by just such a diverse range of

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of groups that it ended up being

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used for things that we could never have

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anticipated. One of the first groups

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use in a large-scale was the same city

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council that 12 months previously had

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been sending us eviction notices to

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clear us from the City Square. They used

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it for a large-scale public consultation.

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Just in the last little while we

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have groups set up in a group of

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community gardens in Bulgaria a

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Community Hospital in Vietnam we've got

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Bitcoin mining coops using it right

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through two groups of twelve-year-olds

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making decisions in their school

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councils.

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Something that's appealing

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to everyone from anarchist

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collectives through to government

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departments feels like something that's

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got a lot of potential for widespread

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uptake. We've built this

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beta version over the next six months

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we'll be bringing out of beta to a full

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mobile release. We've just run a

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crowdfunding campaign that I know some

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people in this room contributed to.

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So we're deeply grateful for now having

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resources to take it through to a full

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release that can scale.

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We're really just driving forward

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and building with the open source

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community something that we see as

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public infrastructure for distributed

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group decision making. Some of the groups

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that are using it. Where we're at now

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I feel in history is a really really

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interesting place to be. And it's a

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a really hopeful time in some ways and I

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think that's what the the spirit of this

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conference really captures, that we've

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got this infrastructure with more

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potential for liberation for inter

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connection. For genuine distributed

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meaningful democracy. And with the same

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infrastructure is increasingly under

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threat. We've got this digital Commons

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that's increasingly being enclosed.

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We've got all these these spaces that

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feel public and really are not. Space

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that feels like you can freely

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participate when every single behavior

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that you perform is being monetized, and

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is being sold to the highest bidder.

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The challenge now is to support the

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ecosystem of tools that are developing

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that are held publicly but held in the

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public good that a purpose-driven not

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profit maximizing. And they're some

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really amazing tools coming out.

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There's a group in Argentina called

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"Democracy always" who've built the first

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user-friendly platform for liquid

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democracy for proxy voting. Really

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impressive project. And I feel like the

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challenge is really to to look at what's

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already there.

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This burgeoning sphere of publicly-held

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Civic tech infrastructure and support it

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and see what we can do to support other

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projects coming up. As it's only when

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we're all participating in meaningful

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democracy. Democracy as a distributed

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network of real people in real

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communities coming together to make

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decisions that work for everyone.

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Only then will the public internet have

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delivered on its real potential.

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Thank you very much.