[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.01,0:00:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking deeply inside nature
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.84,0:00:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the magnifying glass of science,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.86,0:00:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designers extract principles,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.07,0:00:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,processes and materials
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.70,0:00:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are forming the very\Nbasis of design methodology,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.98,0:00:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from synthetic constructs that resemble
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.89,0:00:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biological materials
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.06,0:00:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to computational methods that\Nemulate neural processes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.51,0:00:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nature is driving design.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.34,0:00:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Design is also driving nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.35,0:00:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.01,0:00:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and synthetic biology,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.89,0:00:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designers are growing novel technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.42,0:00:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not foreseen or anticipated by nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.96,0:00:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bionics explores the interplay
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.18,0:00:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between biology and design.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.11,0:00:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, my legs are bionic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.92,0:00:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today I will tell human stories
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.65,0:00:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of bionic integration,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.57,0:00:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how electromechanics attached to the body
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.50,0:01:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and implanted inside the body
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.80,0:01:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are beginning to bridge the gap
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.29,0:01:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between disability and ability,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.100,0:01:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between human limitation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.81,0:01:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and human potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.46,0:01:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bionics has defined my physicality.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.98,0:01:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1982, both of my legs were amputated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.70,0:01:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to tissue damage from frostbite
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.83,0:01:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incurred during a mountain climbing accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.74,0:01:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that time, I didn't view my body
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.14,0:01:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.03,0:01:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I reasoned that a human being
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.72,0:01:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can never be broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.40,0:01:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology is broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.31,0:01:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology is inadequate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.32,0:01:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This simple but powerful idea
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.18,0:01:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a call to arms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.97,0:01:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to advance technology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.08,0:01:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the elimination of my own disability
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.65,0:01:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ultimately the disability of others.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.27,0:01:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began by developing specialized limbs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.38,0:01:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allowed me to return
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.01,0:01:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the vertical world of rock and ice climbing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.34,0:02:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.43,0:02:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is malleable,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.31,0:02:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to take on any form, any function,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.12,0:02:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a blank slate through which to create
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.14,0:02:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps structures that could extend beyond
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.60,0:02:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biological capability.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.90,0:02:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I made my height adjustable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.58,0:02:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.47,0:02:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.65,0:02:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I was feeling badly about myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.97,0:02:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insecure, I would jack my height up,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.84,0:02:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when I was feeling confident and suave,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.95,0:02:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would knock my height down a notch
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.67,0:02:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to give the competition a chance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.26,0:02:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.96,0:02:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrow, wedged feet allowed me to climb
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.33,0:02:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,steep rock fissures
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.69,0:02:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the human foot cannot penetrate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.04,0:02:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spiked feet enabled me to climb
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.39,0:02:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vertical ice walls
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.18,0:02:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.20,0:02:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through technological innovation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.51,0:03:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I returned to my sport stronger and better.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.33,0:03:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology had eliminated my disability
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.71,0:03:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allowed me a new climbing prowess.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.33,0:03:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a young man, I imagined a future world
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.12,0:03:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where technology so advanced
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.98,0:03:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could rid the world of disability,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.84,0:03:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a world in which neural implants would allow
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.70,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the visually impaired to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.80,0:03:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a world in which the paralyzed could walk
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.47,0:03:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,via body exoskeletons.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.27,0:03:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.16,0:03:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disability is rampant in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.96,0:03:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gentleman is missing three limbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.67,0:03:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a testimony to current technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.38,0:03:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he is out of the wheelchair,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.56,0:03:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we need to do a better job in bionics
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.04,0:03:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow one day full rehabilitation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.58,0:03:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a person with this level of injury.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.46,0:03:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the MIT Media Lab, we've established
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.71,0:03:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Center for Extreme Bionics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.31,0:03:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mission of the center
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.17,0:03:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to put forth fundamental science
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.82,0:03:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and technological capability that will allow
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.52,0:03:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.38,0:03:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across a broad range
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.26,0:04:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of brain and body disabilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.20,0:04:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.85,0:04:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they work,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.44,0:04:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a case in point for this center.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.61,0:04:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.60,0:04:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I knew I'd be showing them off.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.19,0:04:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bionics entails the engineering\Nof extreme interfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.37,0:04:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.28,0:04:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mechanical, how my limbs are attached
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.52,0:04:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to my biological body;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.62,0:04:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.94,0:04:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and electrical, how they communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.22,0:04:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my nervous system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.81,0:04:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll begin with mechanical interface.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.65,0:04:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the area of design, we still do not understand
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.78,0:04:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to attach devices to the body mechanically.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.91,0:04:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.25,0:04:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the most mature, oldest technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.40,0:04:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the human timeline, the shoe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.66,0:04:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still gives us blisters.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.02,0:04:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can this be?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.49,0:04:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.06,0:04:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the beautifully lyrical design work
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.99,0:05:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.74,0:05:04.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.100,0:05:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shown here by color variation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.90,0:05:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this 3D-printed model.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.42,0:05:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine a future where clothing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.31,0:05:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stiff and soft where you need it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.16,0:05:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.63,0:05:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without ever causing discomfort.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.94,0:05:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.15,0:05:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,via synthetic skins
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.23,0:05:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with stiffness variations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.26,0:05:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.96,0:05:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To achieve that mirroring,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.31,0:05:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we first developed a mathematical model
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.44,0:05:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of my biological limb.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.01,0:05:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.15,0:05:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look inside my body
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.82,0:05:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to figure out the geometries and locations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.95,0:05:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of various tissues.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.50,0:05:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also took robotic tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.15,0:05:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a 14-actuator circle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.62,0:05:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that goes around the biological limb.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.56,0:05:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.22,0:05:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measure its unloaded shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.62,0:05:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they push on the tissues
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.22,0:06:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to measure tissue compliances
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.27,0:06:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at each anatomical point.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.35,0:06:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We combine these imaging and robotic data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.87,0:06:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build a mathematical description
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.34,0:06:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of my biological limb, shown on the left.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.19,0:06:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a bunch of points, or nodes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.14,0:06:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At each node, there's a color that\Nrepresents tissue compliance.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.12,0:06:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We then do a mathematical transformation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.12,0:06:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the design of the synthetic skin
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.24,0:06:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shown on the right,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.83,0:06:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've discovered optimality is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.89,0:06:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the body is stiff, the\Nsynthetic skin should be soft,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.13,0:06:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the body is soft, \Nthe synthetic skin is stiff,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.85,0:06:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this mirroring occurs
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.99,0:06:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across all tissue compliances.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.42,0:06:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this framework,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.15,0:06:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we produced bionic limbs
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.37,0:06:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.96,0:06:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clearly in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.77,0:06:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our clothing, our shoes, our braces,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.95,0:06:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our prostheses, will no longer be designed
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.18,0:06:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and manufactured using artisan strategies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.57,0:06:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather data-driven quantitative frameworks.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.74,0:06:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that future, our shoes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.91,0:06:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will no longer give us blisters.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.98,0:06:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're also embedding sensing and smart materials
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.84,0:07:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the synthetic skins.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.29,0:07:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a material
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.57,0:07:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developed by SRI International, California.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.83,0:07:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.06,0:07:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So under zero voltage, the material is compliant.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.70,0:07:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's floppy like paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.03,0:07:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.25,0:07:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it becomes stiff as a board.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.53,0:07:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We embed this material into the synthetic skin
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.34,0:07:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.47,0:07:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I walk here,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.88,0:07:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's no voltage.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.25,0:07:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My interface is soft and compliant.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.31,0:07:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The button's pushed, voltage is applied,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.84,0:07:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it stiffens,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.23,0:07:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offering me a greater maneuverability
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.69,0:07:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the bionic limb.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.83,0:07:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're also building exoskeletons.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.78,0:07:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.61,0:07:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just the right areas of the running cycle
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.98,0:07:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect the biological joints
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.83,0:07:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from high impacts and degradation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.74,0:07:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.45,0:07:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in common activities such as running.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.74,0:07:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next, dynamic interface.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.38,0:08:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.50,0:08:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At my MIT lab, we study how humans
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.02,0:08:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with normal physiologies stand, walk and run.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.90,0:08:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the muscles doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.58,0:08:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how are they controlled by the spinal cord?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.31,0:08:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This basic science motivates what we build.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.90,0:08:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.48,0:08:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're building body parts from the ground up.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.40,0:08:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.04,0:08:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.62,0:08:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,400 of which have been U.S. wounded soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.90,0:08:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does it work? At heel\Nstrike, under computer control,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.80,0:08:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the system controls stiffness
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.94,0:08:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.11,0:08:40.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.37,0:08:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high torques and powers to lift the person
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.23,0:08:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the walking stride,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.64,0:08:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comparable to how muscles work in the calf region.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.66,0:08:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This bionic propulsion is very important
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.25,0:08:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clinically to patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.68,0:08:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, on the left you see the bionic device
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.36,0:08:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worn by a lady --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.93,0:08:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right a passive device worn by the same lady
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.89,0:09:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that fails to emulate normal muscle function --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.40,0:09:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enabling her to do something
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.80,0:09:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone should be able to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.44,0:09:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go up and down their steps at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.24,0:09:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.76,0:09:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.54,0:09:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Steve Martin, not the comedian,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.13,0:09:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.07,0:09:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're also building exoskeletal structures
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.08,0:09:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using these same principles
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.92,0:09:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that wrap around a biological limb.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.89,0:09:32.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gentleman does not have
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.59,0:09:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any leg condition, any disability.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.55,0:09:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has a normal physiology,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.45,0:09:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so these exoskeletons are applying
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.50,0:09:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,muscle-like torques and powers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.27,0:09:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that his own muscles need not apply
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.44,0:09:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those torques and powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.89,0:09:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the first exoskeleton in history
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.50,0:09:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually augments human walking.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.14,0:09:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It significantly reduces metabolic cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.33,0:09:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so profound in its augmentation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.98,0:09:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when a normal, healthy person
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.59,0:10:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wears the device for 40 minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.35,0:10:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then takes it off,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.01,0:10:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own biological legs
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.65,0:10:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feel ridiculously heavy and awkward.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.68,0:10:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're beginning the age in which
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.62,0:10:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,machines attached to our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.47,0:10:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will make us stronger and faster
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.30,0:10:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.43,0:10:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving on to electrical interface,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.11,0:10:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do my bionic limbs communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.54,0:10:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my nervous system?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.45,0:10:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Across my residual limb are electrodes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.52,0:10:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.12,0:10:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's communicated to the bionic limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.23,0:10:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so when I think about moving my phantom limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.97,0:10:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the robot tracks those movement desires.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.74,0:10:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This diagram shows fundamentally
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.46,0:10:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the bionic limb is controlled,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.29,0:10:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we model the missing biological limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.96,0:10:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've discovered what reflexes occurred,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.73,0:10:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the reflexes of the spinal cord
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.23,0:10:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are controlling the muscles,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.04,0:10:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that capability is embedded
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.74,0:10:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the chips of the bionic limb.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.74,0:10:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we've done, then, is we modulate
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.71,0:10:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sensitivity of the reflex,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.80,0:10:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the modeled spinal reflex,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.51,0:11:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the neural signal,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.02,0:11:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.56,0:11:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get very little torque and power,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.23,0:11:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the more I fire my muscles,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.78,0:11:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more torque I get,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.18,0:11:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can even run.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.72,0:11:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was the first demonstration
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.36,0:11:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a running gait under neural command.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.91,0:11:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feels great.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.42,0:11:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.56,0:11:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to go a step further.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.56,0:11:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to actually close the loop
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.42,0:11:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the human and the bionic external limb.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.14,0:11:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're doing experiments where we're growing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.86,0:11:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nerves, transected nerves,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.91,0:11:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through channels, or micro-channel rays.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.03,0:11:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other side of the channel,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.85,0:11:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nerve then attaches to cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.20,0:11:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skin cells and muscle cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.71,0:11:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the motor channels we can sense
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.30,0:11:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the person wishes to move.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.07,0:11:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.04,0:11:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then sensors on the bionic limb
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.49,0:11:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be converted to stimulations
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.14,0:11:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in adjacent channels, sensory channels.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.69,0:12:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when this is fully developed
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.57,0:12:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for human use,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.97,0:12:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,persons like myself will not only have
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.63,0:12:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.81,0:12:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually feel like flesh and bone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.93,0:12:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video shows Lisa Mallette
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.19,0:12:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.07,0:12:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, bionics is making
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.04,0:12:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a profound difference in people's lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.24,0:12:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.30,0:12:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh my God, I can't believe it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.14,0:12:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just like I've got a real leg.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.34,0:12:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, don't start running.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.23,0:12:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Man: Now turn around,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.74,0:12:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do the same thing walking up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.41,0:12:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Walk up, get on your heel to toe,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.35,0:12:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like you would normally just walk on level ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.89,0:12:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try to walk right up the hill.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.08,0:12:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LM: Oh my God.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.70,0:12:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Man: Is it pushing you up?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.09,0:12:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.28,0:13:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Man: It's pushing you right up.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.61,0:13:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the center's —
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.18,0:13:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Thank you, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.48,0:13:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Next week I'm visiting
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.84,0:13:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.65,0:13:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to try to convince CMS
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.31,0:13:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grant appropriate code language and pricing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.90,0:13:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this technology can be made available
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.85,0:13:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the patients that need it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.48,0:13:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.71,0:13:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not well appreciated, but over half
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.60,0:13:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world's population
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.58,0:13:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffers from some form of cognitive,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.67,0:13:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emotional, sensory or motor condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.26,0:13:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because of poor technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.92,0:13:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too often, conditions result in disability
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.51,0:13:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a poorer quality of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.81,0:13:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basic levels of physiological function
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.20,0:13:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be a part of our human rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.85,0:13:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every person should have the right
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.82,0:13:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to live life without disability
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.70,0:13:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they so choose --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.72,0:13:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the right to live life without severe depression;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.52,0:13:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the right to see a loved one
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.90,0:14:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the case of seeing impaired;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.13,0:14:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the right to walk or to dance,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.04,0:14:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the case of limb paralysis
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.53,0:14:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or limb amputation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.28,0:14:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a society, we can achieve these human rights
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.08,0:14:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we accept the proposition
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.41,0:14:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that humans are not disabled.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.39,0:14:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A person can never be broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.19,0:14:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our built environment, our technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.20,0:14:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are broken and disabled.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.10,0:14:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We the people need not accept our limitations,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.12,0:14:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but can transcend disability
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.35,0:14:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through technological innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.22,0:14:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, through fundamental advances
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.09,0:14:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in bionics in this century,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.96,0:14:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will set the technological foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.48,0:14:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for an enhanced human experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.45,0:14:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will end disability.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.16,0:14:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to finish up with one more story,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.46,0:14:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a beautiful story,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.22,0:14:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.90,0:14:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adrianne lost her left leg
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.90,0:14:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Boston terrorist attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.56,0:14:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met Adrianne when this photo was taken
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.24,0:14:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.59,0:14:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.02,0:15:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adrianne breathes and lives dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.93,0:15:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is her expression. It is her art form.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.35,0:15:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Naturally, when she lost her limb
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.60,0:15:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Boston terrorist attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.33,0:15:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she wanted to return to the dance floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.31,0:15:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After meeting her and driving home in my car,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.78,0:15:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought, I'm an MIT professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.72,0:15:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have resources. Let's build her a bionic limb
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.45,0:15:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enable her to go back to her life of dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.83,0:15:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I brought in MIT scientists with expertise
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.47,0:15:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in prosthetics, robotics, machine learning
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.92,0:15:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and biomechanics,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.23,0:15:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over a 200-day research period,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.63,0:15:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we studied dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.10,0:15:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We brought in dancers with biological limbs,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.00,0:15:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we studied how do they move,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.67,0:15:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what forces do they apply on the dance floor,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.17,0:15:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we took those data
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.72,0:15:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we put forth fundamental principles of dance,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.52,0:15:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reflexive dance capability,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.33,0:15:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we embedded that intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.85,0:15:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the bionic limb.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.67,0:15:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bionics is not only about making people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.95,0:15:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stronger and faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.41,0:15:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our expression, our humanity
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.75,0:16:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be embedded into electromechanics.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.96,0:16:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was 3.5 seconds
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.01,0:16:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the bomb blasts
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.66,0:16:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Boston terrorist attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.45,0:16:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.48,0:16:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took Adrianne off the dance floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.46,0:16:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 200 days, we put her back.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.15,0:16:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will not be intimidated, brought down,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.95,0:16:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diminished, conquered or stopped
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.25,0:16:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by acts of violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.06,0:16:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.78,0:16:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.24,0:16:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.15,0:16:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her first performance since the attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.04,0:16:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's dancing with Christian Lightner.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.54,0:16:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.58,0:17:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.27,0:17:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.24,0:18:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.34,0:18:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,members of the research team,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.96,0:18:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elliott Rouse and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.78,0:18:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elliott and Nathan.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.19,0:18:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)