By a show of hands.
How many of you believe you could replicate this image of Brad Pitt
with just a pencil and piece of paper?
Well, I'm going to show you how to do this.
And in so doing,
I'm going to give you the skill necessary
to become a world-class artist.
And it shouldn't take more than about 15 seconds.
But before I do that,
how many of you believe you could replicate this image
of a solid gray square?
(Laughter)
Every one of us.
And if you can make one gray square,
you can make two, three, nine ...
Truth of the matter is,
if you could made just one gray square,
it'd be very difficult to argue
that you couldn't make every gray square necessary
to replicate the image in its entirety.
And there you have it.
I've just given you the skills necessary to become a world-class artist.
(Laughter)
I know what you're thinking.
"That's not real art,
certainly wouldn't make me a world-class artist."
So let me introduce you to Chuck Close.
He's one of the highest-earning artists in the entire world, for decades,
he creates his art using this exact technique.
You see, what stands between us
and achieving even our most ambitious dreams
has far less to do with possessing some magical skill or talent,
and far more to do with how we approach problems
and make decisions to solve them.
And because of the continuous and compounding nature
of all those millions of decisions
that we face on a regular basis,
even a marginal improvement in our process
can have a huge impact on our end results.
And I'll prove this to you
by taking a look at the career of Novak Djokovic.
Back in 2004,
when he first became a professional tennis player,
he was ranked 680th in the world.
It wasn't until the end of his third year
that he jumped up to be ranked third in the world.
He went from making 250,000 a year to 5 million a year,
in prize money alone,
and of course, he did this by winning more matches.
In 2011, he became the number one ranked men's tennis player in the world,
started earning an average of 14 million a year in prize money alone
and winning a dominating 90% of his matches.
Now, here's what's really interesting
about all of these very impressive statistics.
Novak doesn't control any of them.
What he does control are all the tiny little decisions
that he needs to make correctly along the way
in order to move the probability
in favor of him achieving these types of results.
And we can quantify and track his progress in this area
by taking a look at the percentage of points that he wins.
Because in tennis
the typical point involves one to maybe three decisions,
I like to refer to this as his decision success rate.
So, back when he was winning about 49% of the matches he was playing,
he was winning about 49% of the points he played.
Then to jump up, become number three in the world,
and actually earn five million dollars a year
for swinging a racquet,
he had to improve his decision success rate
to just 52 percent.
Then to become not just number one
but maybe one of the greatest players to ever play the game,
he had to improve his decision success rate
to just 55 percent.
And I keep using this word "just."
I don't want to imply this is easy to do,
clearly, it's not.
But the type of marginal improvements that I'm talking about
are easily achievable by every single one of us in this room.
And I'll show you what I mean.
From kindergarten, all the way through to my high school graduation -
yes, that's high school graduation for me -
(Laughter)
every one of my report cards basically said the same thing:
Steven is a very bright young boy,
if only he would just settle down and focus.
What they didn't realize was I wanted that
even more than they wanted it for me,
I just couldn't.
And so, from kindergarten straight through the 2nd year of college,
I was a really consistent C, C- student.
But then going into my junior year,
I'd had enough.
I thought I want to make a change.
I'm going to make a marginal adjustment,
and I'm going to stop being a spectator of my decision-making
and start becoming an active participant.
And so, that year,
instead of pretending, again,
that I would suddenly be able to settle down and focus on things
for more than five or ten minutes at a time,
I decided to assume I wouldn't.
And so, if I wanted to achieve the type of outcome that I desire -
doing well in school -
I was going to actually have to change my approach.
And so I made a marginal adjustment.
If I would get an assignment, let's say, read five chapters in a book,
I wouldn't think of it as five chapters,
I wouldn't even think of it as one chapter.
I would break it down into these tasks that I could achieve,
that would require me to focus for just five or ten minutes at a time.
So, maybe three or four paragraphs.
That's it.
I would do that and when I was done with those five or ten minutes,
I would get up.
I'd go shoot some hoops, do a little drawing,
maybe play video games for a few minutes,
and then I come back.
Not necessarily to the same assignment,
not even necessarily to the same subject,
but just to another task that required just five to ten minutes of my attention.
From that point forward,
all the way through to graduation,
I was a straight-A student, Dean's List,
President's Honor Roll, every semester.
I then went on to one of the top graduate programs in the world
for finance and economics.
Same approach, same results.
So then, I graduate.
I start my career and I'm thinking,
this worked really well for me.
You know, you take these big concepts,
these complex ideas, these big assignments,
you break them down too much more manageable tasks,
and then along the way,
you make a marginal improvement to the process
that ups the odds of success in your favor.
I'm going to try and do this in my career.
So I did.
I started out as an exotic derivatives trader for credit Swiss.
It then led me to be global head of currency option trading
for Bank of America,
global head of emerging markets for AIG international.
It helped me deliver top-tier returns
as a global macro hedge fund manager for 12 years
and to become founder and CIO of two award-winning hedge funds.
So it gets to 2001,
and I'm thinking, this whole idea,
it worked really well in school,
it's been serving me well as a professional,
why aren't I applying this in my personal life,
like to all those big ambitious goals I have for myself?
So one day, I'm walking to work,
and at the time my commute
was a walk from one end of Hyde Park to the other, in London.
It took me about 45 minutes each way,
an hour and a half a day, seven and a half hours a week,
30 hours a month, 360 hours a year,
when I was awake, aware, basically wasting time,
listening to music on my iPod.
So on my way home from work that day I stopped at the store.
I picked up the first 33 CDs in the Pimsleur German language program,
ripped them and put them onto my iPod.
But I didn't stop there.
Because the truth of the matter is, I'm an undisciplined person.
And I knew that at some point,
I'd switch away from the language and go back to the music.
So I removed that temptation by removing all of the music.
That left me with just one option:
listen to the language tapes.
So ten months later, I'd listened to all 99 CDs
in the German language program,
listened to each one three times each.
And I went to Berlin for a 16-day intensive German course.
When I was done, I invited my wife and kids to meet me.
We walked around the city.
I spoke German to the Germans, they spoke German back to me.
My kids were amazed.
(Laughter)
I mean they couldn't close their jaws.
But you and I, we know,
there is actually nothing amazing about what I've just done.
I made this marginal adjustment to my daily routine.
This marginal adjustment to my process.
(German) Und jetzt, ich spreche ein bisschen Deutsch.
And now I could speak some German.
And so in that moment, I'm thinking,
it's not supposed to be this easy for a guy like me - an old guy -
to learn a new language.
You're supposed to do that when you're a kid.
And yet here I had done it.
This marginal adjustment.
So what other big ambitious goals I've been holding onto,
putting off until retirement,
that I could potentially achieve
if I just made a marginal adjustment to my routine?
So I started doing them.
I earned my auto racing license.
I learned how to fly a helicopter,
did rock-climbing, skydiving.
I learned how to fly planes aerobatically.
Well, if you're like me, back in 2007,
you might have the same goal I had.
I was just moving back from London.
I was about 25 pounds overweight and out of shape,
and I wanted to rectify that.
So I could go to the typical route,
you know, I could write a check to a gym I'd never go to.
Or I could swear to myself that I will never again
eat those foods that I love
but are doing all the damage.
And I knew that going that route rarely results in the outcome you desire.
So I decided to become an active participant.
I thought about the habits and passions that I've developed in my life,
and I thought, can I make just a marginal adjustment to them
so that they work in my favor as opposed to against me?
And so I did.
I've got a habit
where I've been walking an hour and a half a day for the last seven years,
and I've got this passion for being in the outdoors.
And so that year,
I didn't actually set the new year's resolution to lose 25 pounds.
I set a resolution to hike all 33 trails
in the front country of Santa Barbara Mountains.
And I'd never been on a hike before in my life.
(Laughter)
But the truth of the matter is, it's not about the 33 trails.
You have to break this big ambitious goal
down into these more manageable decisions -
the types of decisions that need to be made correctly along the way
in order to improve the odds of achieving the type of outcome you desire.
It's not about even one trail.
It's about those tiny little decisions,
you know, like when you are sitting at your desk,
putting in just a little extra time at the end of a day.
Or you're lying on your couch,
clicking through the channels on your remote control,
or scrolling through your Facebook feed,
and in that moment, make the decision to put it down.
You go put on your hiking clothes,
you go walk outside your front door, and you shut it behind you.
You walk to your car, get in, drive to the trailhead.
You get out of the car at the trailhead,
and you take one step, you take two steps, three steps.
Every one of those steps that I have just described
is a tiny little decision that needs to be made correctly along the way
in order to achieve the ultimate outcome.
Now, when I say I want to hike 33 trails in the front country,
people think about the decisions at the top of the mountain.
That's not what it's about.
Because if you don't make the right decision
when you're on the couch,
there is no decision that occurs at the top of the mountain.
So by the end of the year,
I'd hiked all 33 trails in the front country;
I did them a couple of times each.
I even did a few in the backcountry.
I lost the 25 pounds, and I capped the year off
by doing the hardest half marathon in the world -
the Pier to Peak.
In 2009, I got really ambitious,
ambitious for a guy who still, to this day, cannot settle down
and focus on anything for more than ten or ten minutes at a time,
and that was to read 50 books.
But again, it's not about reading 50 books.
It's not even about reading one book.
It's not about reading a chapter, a paragraph, a sentence.
It's about that decision
when you're sitting at your desk at the end of the day,
or when you're lying on the couch,
or flicking through your Facebook feed,
and you put down the phone.
You pick up a book and you read one word.
If you read one word, you'll read two words, three words;
you'll read a sentence, a paragraph, a page, a chapter, a book;
you'll read ten books, 30 books, 50 books.
In 2012, I got really ambitious.
I set 24 new year's resolutions.
12 of them were what I call giving resolutions,
where I did 12 charitable things that didn't involve writing a check.
But it's not without its failures.
I tried to donate blood,
and they rejected me because I'd lived in the UK.
I tried to donate my sperm; they rejected me because I was too old.
I tried to donate my hair,
and it turns out nobody wants grey hair.
(Laughter)
So, here I was trying to do something to make myself feel good,
and it was having the opposite effect.
So anyway, I've also had these 12 learning resolutions,
to learn 12 new skills.
And when I was done with unicycling, parkour, slacklining,
jumping stilts and drumming,
my wife suggested that I learned how to knit.
(Laughter)
And I'll be honest, I wasn't all that passionate about knitting.
But one day, I'm sitting under this 40-foot tall eucalyptus tree
that's 2.6 miles up the cold spring trail in Santa Barbara,
and I'm thinking, that tree would look really cool if it were covered in yarn.
(Laughter)
And so I went home and Googled this,
and it turns out it is a thing people do, it's called yarnbombing:
you wrap these public structures with yarn.
And, the second annual international yarn bombing day
was just 82 days away.
(Laughter)
So for the next 82 days, no matter where I was -
(Laughter)
if I was in a board meeting, on the trading floor,
in an airplane or in the hospital,
I was knitting.
One stitch at a time.
And 82 days later,
I had done my first ever yarnbomb.
(Applause)
And the response to it blew me away.
So I kept going ...
(Laughter)
with bigger, more ambitious projects
that required more engineering skills.
And in 2014, I set the goal to wrap six massive boulders
in Los Padres National Forest at the top of the mountains.
But if I was going to pull this off, I'd need help.
So at this point, I had a few thousand followers on social media
as "The Yarnbomber."
(Laughter)
And I started getting packages - lots of packages -
388 contributors from 36 countries in all 50 states.
In the end, I didn't wrap one massive boulder,
I wrapped 18.
(Applause)
So I kept going
with bigger, more ambitious projects
that would require me to work with new materials,
like fiberglass, and wood, and metals,
which culminates in a project that is currently at TMC, here in Tucson,
where I wrapped the Children's Hospital.
(Applause)
Along the way, I stopped knitting.
I never really liked it.
(Laughter)
But ...
I like crocheting.
(Laughter)
So, I started making these seven-inch granny squares -
because that's the standard granny square -
and I thought along the way: why am I stopping at seven inches?
I need big stuff.
So, I started making bigger granny squares.
So one day, I come home from a business trip,
and I've got this really large granny,
and I went to the website of Guinness.
I was curious what's the world's largest granny square.
And it turns out there's no category for it.
(Laughter)
So I applied,
and they rejected me.
So I appealed,
and they rejected me.
I appealed again, and they said fine,
if you make it ten meters by ten meters, we'll create a new category,
and you will be a Guinness world record holder.
So, for the next two years,
seven months, 17 days,
one stitch at a time,
I finally reached more than half a million stitches,
incorporated more than 30 miles of yarn,
and I am now the official Guinness world record holder
for the largest crocheted granny square.
(Applause) (Cheering)
Along the way, I've garnered an awful lot of attention for my escapades.
I've been featured in Newsweek magazine,
Eric news, which is kind of the Bible for artists.
But what I want you to realize when you hear these things:
I'm still that C- student.
I'm still that kid who can't settle down
or focus for more than five or ten minutes at a time.
And I remain a guy who possesses no special gift of talent or skill.
All I do is take really big, ambitious projects
that people seem to marvel at,
break them down to their simplest form
and then just make marginal improvements along the way
to improve my odds of achieving them.
And so the whole reason I'm giving this talk is
I'm hoping to inspire several of you
to pull some of those ambitious dreams that you have for yourself
off the bookshelf
and start pursuing them by making that marginal adjustment to your routine.
Thank you.
(Applause)