0:00:01.887,0:00:04.000
Sheldon: Research journal, entry one.
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I’m about to embark on [br]one of the great challenges
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of my scientific career:
0:00:08.307,0:00:09.975
[audience laughter]
0:00:09.975,0:00:11.826
teaching Penny physics.
0:00:11.826,0:00:13.700
[audience laughter]
0:00:13.700,0:00:16.722
I'm calling it “Project Guerrilla.”
0:00:16.722,0:00:18.517
[audience laughter]
0:00:18.517,0:00:20.000
Penny: Hey Sheldon.
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Sheldon: Come in. Take a seat.
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Subject has arrived.
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[audience laughter]
0:00:25.064,0:00:27.196
I’ve extended a friendly,[br] causal greeting.
0:00:27.196,0:00:28.456
[audience laughter]
0:00:28.456,0:00:30.000
Penny: Ready to get started?
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Sheldon: One moment.
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[audience laughter]
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Subject appears well rested[br] and enthusiastic.
0:00:38.532,0:00:40.000
[audience laughter]
0:00:40.000,0:00:42.029
Apparently ignorance IS bliss.
0:00:42.029,0:00:43.661
[audience laughter]
0:00:44.889,0:00:46.757
All right. Let us begin.
0:00:48.120,0:00:49.683
Where’s your notebook?
0:00:49.683,0:00:51.614
Penny: Umm, I don’t have one.
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Sheldon: How are you going to take[br]notes without a notebook?
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Penny: I have to take notes?
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Sheldon: How else are you [br]going to study for the tests?
0:00:58.268,0:01:00.397
Penny: There’s going to be a test?
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Sheldon: Tests.[br][audience laughter]
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Here. That’s college ruled.
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I hope that’s not too intimidating.
0:01:08.375,0:01:10.785
[audience laughter]
0:01:11.621,0:01:12.765
Penny: Thank you.
0:01:12.765,0:01:15.809
Sheldon: You’re welcome. Now,[br]introduction to physics.
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What is physics?
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Physics comes from the ancient [br]Greek word “physica.”
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It's at this point that you'll [br]want to start taking notes.
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[audience laughter]
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And physica means [br]“the science of natural things,”
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and it is there, in ancient Greece, [br]that our story begins.
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Penny: Ancient Greece?
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Sheldon: Hush. If you have [br]questions, raise your hand.
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[Sheldon clears throat][br][audience laughter]
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It’s a warm summer evening, circa 600 BC.
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You’ve finished your shopping [br]at the local market, or “agora.”
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[audience laughter]
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And you look up at the night sky,
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and there you notice [br]some of the stars seem to move.
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So you name them “planetes,” or wanderer.
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[audience laughter]
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Yes Penny?
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Penny: Um, does this have anything |[br]to do with Leonard’s work?
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Sheldon: This is the beginning [br]of the 2600 year journey
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we are going to take together.
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From...[br][audience laughter]
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...the ancient Greeks, [br]through Isaac Newton,
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to Niels Bohr, to Erwin Schrödinger,
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to the Dutch researchers [br]that Leonard is currently ripping off.
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[audience laughter]
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Penny: 2600 years?
0:02:32.075,0:02:33.423
Sheldon: Yeah, give or take.
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As I was saying: It’s a warm summer [br]evening in ancient Greece.
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Yes Penny?
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Penny: I have to go[br]to the bathroom.
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Sheldon: Can’t you hold it?
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Penny: Not for 2600 years.
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[audience laughter]
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Sheldon: Project Guerrilla, entry two.
0:02:57.640,0:02:59.257
I am exhausted.
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[audience laughter]
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Sheldon: Now remember, Newton realized
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that Aristotle was wrong [br]and force was not necessary
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to maintain motion.
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So, let's plug in our [br]9.8 meters per second squared
0:03:12.093,0:03:14.438
as a and we get force,[br][audience laughter]
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Earth gravity, equals mass
0:03:16.458,0:03:18.760
times 9.8 meters per second per second.
0:03:18.760,0:03:21.567
So we can see that ma equals mg and
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what do we know from this?
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[audience laughter]
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Penny: Um...
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We know that...
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Newton was a really smart cookie.
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[audience laughter]
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Oh! Is that where Fig Newtons come from?
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[audience laughter]
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Sheldon: No, Fig Newtons are named after
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a small town in Massachusetts.
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Don't write that down!
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[audience laughter]
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Now, if ma equals mg,
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what does that imply?
0:03:48.757,0:03:49.813
Penny: I don't know.
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Sheldon: How can you not know?
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I just told you.
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Have you suffered [br]a recent blow to the head?
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[audience laughter]
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Penny: Hey! You don't have to be so mean
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Sheldon: I'm sorry.
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(nicely) Have you suffered[br]a recent blow to the head?
0:04:01.954,0:04:03.753
[audience laughter]
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Penny: No, you just suck at teaching!
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Sheldon: Really? [br]Of those two explanations,
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which one seems the most likely?
0:04:10.888,0:04:12.193
[audience laughter]
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Penny: Sheldon, [br]I'm trying to understand
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but you're going too fast.
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Can you just back up a little bit?
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Sheldon: Alright
0:04:19.985,0:04:21.508
It's a warm summer evening
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in ancient Greece.[br][audience laughter]
0:04:23.153,0:04:24.872
Penny: Not that far back!
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Sheldon: Okay!
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At what point [br]did you begin to feel lost?
0:04:28.499,0:04:29.858
Penny: I don't know.
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Where were we looking [br]up at the night sky?
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Sheldon: Greece [br]Penny: Dammit!
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Sheldon: Well, there's no need[br]to get frustrated.
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People learn at different rates,
0:04:37.972,0:04:42.462
unlike objects falling [br]in a vacuum which....
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[audience laughter]
0:04:45.197,0:04:47.947
ma equals mg...
0:04:48.391,0:04:49.193
Penny: Squared?
0:04:49.193,0:04:50.132
Sheldon: No.
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[audience laughter]
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Penny: Artistotle?
0:04:51.966,0:04:52.777
Sheldon: No.
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[audience laughter]
0:04:53.755,0:04:54.628
Penny: Five?
0:04:54.628,0:04:55.548
Sheldon: Ugh!
0:04:55.548,0:04:58.713
Penny: Ohhh then I don't know.[br][cries]
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Sheldon: Why are you crying?
0:05:01.760,0:05:03.153
Penny: Because I'm stupid!
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[audience laughter]
0:05:04.153,0:05:05.937
Sheldon: That's no reason to cry.
0:05:05.937,0:05:07.559
[audience laughter]
0:05:07.559,0:05:09.447
One cries because one is sad.
0:05:09.447,0:05:10.886
For example, I cry
0:05:10.886,0:05:13.767
because others are stupid [br]and it makes me sad.
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[audience laughter]
0:05:15.732,0:05:18.913
Penny: Ok. Look, can we just please [br]forget about all of this extra stuff
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and can you just tell me [br]what Leonard does?
0:05:21.436,0:05:22.259
Sheldon: Alright.
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Leonard is attempting to learn
0:05:25.543,0:05:28.258
why subatomic particles [br]move the way they do.
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Penny: Really? That's it?
0:05:30.871,0:05:32.818
Well, that doesn't[br]sound so complicated.
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Sheldon: It's not.
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That's why Leonard does it.
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[audience laughter]
0:05:38.883,0:05:40.944
Penny: Ok, I just have one question.
0:05:40.944,0:05:43.814
What exactly are subatomic particles?
0:05:43.814,0:05:45.765
Sheldon: A good question.
0:05:45.765,0:05:46.835
Penny: Thank you.
0:05:46.835,0:05:50.401
Sheldon: And to answer it, we first [br]must ask ourselves, "What is physics?"
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Penny: Oh, balls.
0:05:51.465,0:05:54.691
Sheldon: It's a warm, summer [br]evening in ancient Greece.
0:05:54.691,0:05:56.148
[audience laughter]
0:05:56.148,0:05:58.989
Bernadette: Raj, you should have [br]seen Leonard's experiment.
0:05:58.989,0:06:00.872
The interference pattern was so cool
0:06:00.872,0:06:02.462
when the electron beam was on.
0:06:02.462,0:06:04.049
Leonard: I'm glad you enjoyed it.
0:06:04.049,0:06:06.462
Most people aren't that[br]interested in what I do.
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[audience laughter]
0:06:11.084,0:06:12.196
Penny: [clears throat]
0:06:12.196,0:06:14.965
Actually, that's not true, Leonard.
0:06:14.965,0:06:16.632
In fact, recently, [br]I've been thinking that
0:06:16.632,0:06:18.192
given the parameters [br]of your experiment,
0:06:18.192,0:06:20.153
the transport of electrons [br]through the aperture
0:06:20.153,0:06:21.841
of the nanofabricated metal rings
0:06:21.841,0:06:23.861
is qualitatively no different [br]than the experiment
0:06:23.861,0:06:25.940
already conducted in the Netherlands.
0:06:25.940,0:06:27.747
[audience laughter]
0:06:28.945,0:06:31.451
Their observed phase shift [br]in the diffusing electrons
0:06:31.451,0:06:33.938
inside the metal ring already [br]conclusively demonstrated
0:06:33.938,0:06:37.307
the electric analog of the Aharonov-Bohm[br]quantum interference effect.
0:06:37.307,0:06:39.097
[audience laughter]
0:06:43.307,0:06:44.798
That's it. That's all I know.
0:06:44.798,0:06:46.361
[audience laughter]
0:06:46.361,0:06:47.310
Oh wait!
0:06:48.439,0:06:51.025
Fig Newtons were named [br]after a town in Massachusetts,
0:06:51.025,0:06:52.273
not the scientist.
0:06:52.273,0:06:54.312
[audience laughter]