[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if you own a hotel,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the key principles\Nin your mission statement
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a commitment to treat\Nall employees and customers equally,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including on the basis\Nof gender and religion?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then a large group\Nbooks an event at your space,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you look at the booking,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize that it's a religious group,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of their key principles
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that women should never leave the home
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and should have no opportunities\Nfor professional development
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside of it?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you do?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you host the event
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get criticized by some,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or refuse and get criticized by others?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my work, I counsel organizations\Non how to create rules
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to navigate ideological disagreement\Nand controversial speech,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I defend my clients,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether in court or from the government\Nwhen their actions are challenged.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The structures I recommend\Nrecognize the real harms
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can come from\Ncertain types of speech,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at the same time seek to promote\Ndialogue rather than shut it down.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason is that we need disagreement.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Creativity and human progress
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depend on it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it may be often easier
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to speak with someone who agrees\Nwith everything you say,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's more enlightening\Nand oftentimes more satisfying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to speak with someone who doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But disagreement and discord\Ncan have real and meaningful costs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disagreement, particularly\Nin the form of hateful speech,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can lead to deep and lasting wounds\Nand sometimes result in violence.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a world in which polarization\Nand innovation are increasing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at seemingly exponential rates,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the need to create structures for vigorous\Nbut not violent disagreement
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have never been more important.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The US Constitution's First Amendment\Nmight seem like a good place to start
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go to look for answers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You, like I, may have often\Nheard somebody say
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some form of a speech restriction,\Nwhether from an employer, a website,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even somebody else,\Nviolates the First Amendment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact the First Amendment\Nusually has little if any relevance at all.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The First Amendment only applies\Nwhen the government is seeking
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to suppress the speech of its citizens.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result, the First Amendment\Nis by design a blunt instrument.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A narrow category of speech\Ncan be banned based on its content.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost everything else cannot.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the First Amendment has no relevance
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when what we're talking about\Nis a private entity regulating speech,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's a good thing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it means private entities\Nhave at their disposal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a broad and flexible set of tools\Nthat don't prohibit speech,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but do make speakers aware\Nof the consequences of their words.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some examples.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you go to university,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a time for the free\Nand unrestricted exchange of ideas,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but some ideas,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the words used to express them,\Ncan cause discord,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's an intentionally inflammatory\Nevent hosted by a student group,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the exploration\Nof a controversial issue in class.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to protect\Nboth intellectual freedom
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their most vulnerable students,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some universities have formed teams\Nthat bring speaker and listener together,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free from the possibility of any sanction,\Nto hear each other's viewpoints.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes students don't want to meet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's fine,\Nbut in other circumstances,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mediated exposure to an opposing view\Ncan result in acknowledgment,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognition of unintended consequences,\Nand a broadening of perspectives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an example.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a college campus, a group of students\Nsupporting the Israelis
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those supporting the Palestinians\Nwere constantly reporting each other
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for disrupting events,\Ntearing down posters,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and engaging in verbal confrontations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recognizing that most of\Nwhat the students were reporting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not violate the university's\Ndisciplinary code,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the university invited\Nboth groups to sit down
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a so-called restorative circle
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they could hear\Neach other's viewpoints
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free from the possibility of sanction.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the meeting,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ideological disagreements between\Nthe groups remained as stark as ever,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the rancor between them\Nsignificantly dissipated.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now obviously, this doesn't always happen,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by separating reactions to speech\Nfrom the disciplinary system,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,institutions of higher education\Nhave created a space
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for productive disagreement\Nand a broadening of perspectives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all biased.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't mean that in a bad way.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of us are influenced, and rightly so,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by our family background,\Nour education, our lived experience,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a million other things.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Organizations do have influences,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most importantly the beliefs\Nof their members,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the laws\Nunder which they are governed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the marketplace in which they compete.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These influences can form a critical part\Nof a corporate identity,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can be vital\Nfor attracting and retaining talent,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these biases, as I'm calling them,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also be a challenge,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly when what\Nwe are talking about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is drawing lines for allowing\Nsome speech and not allowing others.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The temptation to find speech\Nharmful or disruptive
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply because\Nwe disagree with it is real,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but equally real is the harm that can come\Nfrom certain types of expression.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this situation, third parties can help.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember the hotel trying to decide
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not to allow\Nthe religious group to host its event?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather than having to make\Na complex, on-the-spot decision
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about that group's identity and message,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hotel could instead\Nrely on a third party,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say, for example,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Southern Poverty Law Center,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has a list of hate groups\Nin the United States,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or indeed even its own\Noutside group of experts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought together from diverse backgrounds.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By relying on third parties
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to draw lines outside the context\Nof a particular event,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizations can make content decisions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without being accused of acting\Nin self-interest or bias.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The line between facts\Nand opinions is a hazy one.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The internet provides the opportunity\Nto publish almost any position
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on any topic under the sun,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in some ways that's a good thing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows for the expression\Nof minority viewpoints
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for holding\Nthose in power accountable.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the ability to self-publish freely
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means that unverified\Nor even flat-out false statements
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can quickly gain circulation and currency,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is very dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The decision to take down a post\Nor ban a user is a tough one.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It certainly can be appropriate at times,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are other tools\Navailable as well
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to foster productive\Nand yet responsible debate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twitter has recently started\Nlabeling tweets as misleading,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deceptive,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or containing unverified information.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather than block access to those tweets,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twitter instead links to a source\Nthat contains more information
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the claims made.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A good and timely example\Nis its coronavirus page,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has up-to-the-minute information\Nabout the spread of the virus
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what to do if you contract it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me, this approach makes a ton of sense.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather than shutting down dialogue,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this brings more ideas,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,facts and context to the forum,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you know that your assertions\Nare going to be held up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against more authoritative sources,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it may create incentives\Nfor more responsible speech
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me end with a hard truth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The structures I've described\Ncan foster productive debate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while isolating truly harmful speech,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but inevitably some speech\Nis going to fall in a grey area,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps deeply offensive
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also with the potential\Nto contribute to public debate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this situation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think as a general matter,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tie should go to allowing\Nmore rather than less speech.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's why.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For one, there's always the risk
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that an innovative\Nor creative idea gets squelched
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it seems unfamiliar or dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost by definition,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innovative ideas challenge orthodoxies\Nabout how things should be.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if an idea seems\Noffensive or dangerous,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be because it is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it might simply be\Nbecause we're scared of change.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me suggest that even if\Nspeech has little to no value at all,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that deficiency should be shown\Nthrough open debate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than suppression.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be very clear,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,false speech can lead\Nto devastating real-world harms,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the burning of women\Naccused of being witches in Europe
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 15th century
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the lynching of African-Americans\Nin the American South,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Rwandan Genocide.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea that the remedy\Nfor false speech is more speech
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't always true.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I do think more often than not\Nmore speech can help.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A famous story from First Amendment\Ncase law shows why.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1977, a group of Neo-Nazis\Nwanted to stage a march
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the leafy, peaceful suburb\Nof Skokie, Illinois,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home to a significant number\Nof Holocaust survivors.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The City Council immediately passed\Nordinances trying to block the Nazis,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Nazis sued.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The case made it all the way\Nup to the Supreme Court
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and back down again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The courts held that the Neo-Nazis\Nhad the right to march,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that they could\Ndisplay their swastikas
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give their salutes while doing so.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the day for the march came,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after all that litigation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just 20 Neo-Nazis showed up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in front of the Federal Building\Nin Chicago, Illinois,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were met\Nby 2,000 counter-protesters
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responding to the Nazis' messages of hate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ones of inclusion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the Chicago Tribune noted,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Nazi march sputtered\Nto an unspectacular end after 10 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The violence in Charlottesville, Virginia,\Nand indeed around the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows this isn't always\Nhow these stories end,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to me the Skokie story is a good one,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that shows that the fallacy\Nand moral bankruptcy of hateful speech
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can best be responded to\Nnot through suppression
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but through the righteous power\Nof countervailing good and noble ideas.