[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Jingle]\N(University of London International Programmes)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.08,0:00:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(The Camera Never Lies - Reportage)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.82,0:00:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Emmett Sullivan] Advertising and images, that's one thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.96,0:00:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we've already talked about,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.01,0:00:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politicians seem to be particularly concerned about their image, who they're standing next to,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.100,0:00:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in some cases, the publication's decision as to who they're standing next to.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.06,0:00:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In April, 2009, the Israeli newspaper Yated Ne'eman
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.51,0:00:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took out of a collective photograph of the Israeli cabinet the two women members portrayed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.29,0:00:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is put forward that this is a particularly orthodox newspaper
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.89,0:01:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was not in itself supportive of female members of the cabinet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.60,0:01:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nevertheless, for their own morals and for their own audience,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.30,0:01:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had chosen to manipulate an image which was more inclusive
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.94,0:01:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than perhaps they thought editorially appropriate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.72,0:01:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, continuing on the theme of politicians, something that I found quite amusing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.90,0:01:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having a Glaswegian father and many of my relatives up in Scotland.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.45,0:01:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A photograph - again, 2009 - another collective photograph, in this case the Scottish National Party.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.02,0:01:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It appeared in an SNP newsletter.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.06,0:01:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was described as an over-enthusiastic party member
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.72,0:01:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had chosen to doctor the image, but not in an obvious way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.21,0:01:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In, in the background, there were two pictures:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.55,0:01:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of William Wallace, the other of Robert the Bruce. Two great Scottish heroes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:02:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had been digitally put into the image.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.16,0:02:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Scottish National Party leaders were in fact sitting in front of two photographs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.73,0:02:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Queen and her husband Prince Philip.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.40,0:02:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a certain symbolism there, that clearly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.86,0:02:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one or two of the workers thought was too great to allow to go unedited or unchecked.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.13,0:02:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An apology was offered later.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.15,0:02:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 2010, Fourandsix give an example of another political image
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.38,0:02:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which had been doctored.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.75,0:02:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one seems to be quite a mundane reason
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.37,0:02:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not the only example we find of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.100,0:02:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The state run Egyptian newspaper El Arham had digitally altered an image
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.04,0:02:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which showed President Mubarak walking with Israeli leaders,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.78,0:02:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those from the US, the Palestine, and Jordan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.01,0:03:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they did was move Mubarak, so that he was at the head of that little posse,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.63,0:03:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than walking behind them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.64,0:03:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their argument was, they wanted to show, figuratively, Mubarak's leadership
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.90,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on matters of Palestinian issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.80,0:03:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though the original composition of the photograph
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.29,0:03:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had him standing behind the other politicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.81,0:03:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now when it comes to identifying how close one politician is with a protester
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.67,0:03:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or another figure,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.23,0:03:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the example that I'm going to give you from 2004 highlights a young Senator Kerry,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.26,0:03:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Kerry who ran for the American presidency in that year.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.22,0:03:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a photograph standing next to Jane Fonda,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.84,0:03:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who during the Vietnam war became very outspoken about America's participation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.58,0:03:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only problem is, they weren't actually there together at the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.28,0:04:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The photograph is a composite, showing Kerry from 1971 in New York
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.66,0:04:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Fonda in Florida, in 1972.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.25,0:04:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the importance of conveying the image that John Kerry was
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.06,0:04:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a forthright and important speaker for those of a more radical view
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.34,0:04:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the Vietnam war
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.08,0:04:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to this composite going-together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.44,0:04:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it really does make a substantial change to the way we view this, I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.56,0:04:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, if you're looking at the way that you trust an individual,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.81,0:04:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some staffers had made a decision for his campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.32,0:04:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this was going to look good.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.38,0:04:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just in the 70's or the 80's or the 21st century that who stands next to who
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.46,0:04:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is important in political advertising.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.44,0:05:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is a photograph from 1939.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.16,0:05:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows the Canadian Prime Minister McKenzie King
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.13,0:05:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standing next to the Queen Mother, Elizabeth Bowse-Lyon.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.86,0:05:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This doesn't look a terribly threatening image, except the King, George VI,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.93,0:05:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been removed from the image.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.66,0:05:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was an image which was used for publicity of Mackenzie King's reelection campaign,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.38,0:05:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was felt that his stature, both physically and figuratively,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.06,0:05:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was going to be enhanced by standing next to the Queen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.69,0:05:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the Queen and her husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.48,0:05:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(University of London International Programmes)