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[Jingle]
(University of London International Programmes)

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(The Camera Never Lies - Reportage)

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[Emmett Sullivan] Advertising and images, that's one thing.

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But as we've already talked about,

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politicians seem to be particularly concerned about their image, who they're standing next to,

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or in some cases, the publication's decision as to who they're standing next to.

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In April, 2009, the Israeli newspaper Yated Ne'eman

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took out of a collective photograph of the Israeli cabinet the two women members portrayed.

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It is put forward that this is a particularly orthodox newspaper

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and was not in itself supportive of female members of the cabinet.

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Nevertheless, for their own morals and for their own audience,

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they had chosen to manipulate an image which was more inclusive

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than perhaps they thought editorially appropriate.

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Now, continuing on the theme of politicians, something that I found quite amusing,

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having a Glaswegian father and many of my relatives up in Scotland.

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A photograph - again, 2009 - another collective photograph, in this case the Scottish National Party.

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It appeared in an SNP newsletter.

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What was described as an over-enthusiastic party member

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had chosen to doctor the image, but not in an obvious way.

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In, in the background, there were two pictures:

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one of William Wallace, the other of Robert the Bruce. Two great Scottish heroes.

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They had been digitally put into the image.

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The Scottish National Party leaders were in fact sitting in front of two photographs

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of the Queen and her husband Prince Philip.

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There was a certain symbolism there, that clearly,

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that one or two of the workers thought was too great to allow to go unedited or unchecked.

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An apology was offered later.

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For 2010, Fourandsix give an example of another political image

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which had been doctored.

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This one seems to be quite a mundane reason

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but it's not the only example we find of this.

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The state run Egyptian newspaper El Arham had digitally altered an image

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which showed President Mubarak walking with Israeli leaders,

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those from the US, the Palestine, and Jordan.

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What they did was move Mubarak, so that he was at the head of that little posse,

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rather than walking behind them.

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Their argument was, they wanted to show, figuratively, Mubarak's leadership

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on matters of Palestinian issues,

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even though the original composition of the photograph

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had him standing behind the other politicians.

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Now when it comes to identifying how close one politician is with a protester

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or another figure,

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the example that I'm going to give you from 2004 highlights a young Senator Kerry,

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John Kerry who ran for the American presidency in that year.

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In a photograph standing next to Jane Fonda,

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who during the Vietnam war became very outspoken about America's participation.

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Only problem is, they weren't actually there together at the same time.

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The photograph is a composite, showing Kerry from 1971 in New York

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and Fonda in Florida, in 1972.

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But the importance of conveying the image that John Kerry was

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as a forthright and important speaker for those of a more radical view

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during the Vietnam war

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led to this composite going-together.

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Whether it really does make a substantial change to the way we view this, I don't know.

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But, if you're looking at the way that you trust an individual,

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some staffers had made a decision for his campaign

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that this was going to look good.

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It's not just in the 70's or the 80's or the 21st century that who stands next to who

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is important in political advertising.

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Here is a photograph from 1939.

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It shows the Canadian Prime Minister McKenzie King

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standing next to the Queen Mother, Elizabeth Bowse-Lyon.

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This doesn't look a terribly threatening image, except the King, George VI,

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had been removed from the image.

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It was an image which was used for publicity of Mackenzie King's reelection campaign,

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and it was felt that his stature, both physically and figuratively,

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was going to be enhanced by standing next to the Queen,

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rather than the Queen and her husband.

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(University of London International Programmes)