[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS was discovered 1981; the virus, 1983. Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These Gapminder bubbles show you Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the spread of the virus was in 1983 in the world, Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how we estimate that it was. Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we are showing here is -- Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on this axis here, I'm showing percent of infected adults. Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on this axis, I'm showing dollars per person in income. Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the size of these bubbles, the size of the bubbles here, Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shows how many are infected in each country, Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the color is the continent. Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you can see United States, in 1983, Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a very low percentage infected, Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but due to the big population, still a sizable bubble. Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were quite many people infected in the United States. Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, up there, you see Uganda. Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had almost five percent infected, Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and quite a big bubble in spite of being a small country, then. Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were probably the most infected country in the world. Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what has happened? Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you have understood the graph Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now, in the next 60 seconds, Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will play the HIV epidemic in the world. Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first, I have a new invention here. Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have solidified the beam of the laser pointer. Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, ready, steady, go! Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we have the fast rise in Uganda and Zimbabwe. Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They went upwards like this. Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Asia, the first country to be heavily infected was Thailand -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.00,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they reached one to two percent. Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, Uganda started to turn back, Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas Zimbabwe skyrocketed, Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some years later South Africa had a terrible rise of HIV frequency. Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, India got many infected, Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but had a low level. Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And almost the same happens here. Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, Uganda coming down, Zimbabwe coming down, Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Russia went to one percent. Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the last two to three years, Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have reached a steady state of HIV epidemic in the world. Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,25 years it took. Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, steady state doesn't mean that things are getting better, Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just that they have stopped getting worse. Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it has -- the steady state is, more or less, Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one percent of the adult world population is HIV-infected. Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means 30 to 40 million people, Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the whole of California -- every person, Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's more or less what we have today in the world. Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let me make a fast replay of Botswana. Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Botswana -- upper middle-income country in southern Africa, Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democratic government, good economy, Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what happened there. Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They started low, they skyrocketed, Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they peaked up there in 2003, Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now they are down. Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they are falling only slowly, Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in Botswana, with good economy and governance, Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can manage to treat people. Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if people who are infected are treated, they don't die of AIDS. Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These percentages won't come down Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people can survive 10 to 20 years. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's some problem with these metrics now. Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the poorer countries in Africa, the low-income countries down here, Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there the rates fall faster, of the percentage infected, Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people still die. Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In spite of PEPFAR, the generous PEPFAR, Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all people are not reached by treatment, Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of those who are reached by treatment in the poor countries, Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only 60 percent are left on treatment after two years. Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not realistic with lifelong treatment Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for everyone in the poorest countries. Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's very good that what is done is being done. Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But focus now is back on prevention. Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is only by stopping the transmission Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the world will be able to deal with it. Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drugs is too costly -- had we had the vaccine, Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or when we will get the vaccine, that's something more effective -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the drugs are very costly for the poor. Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not the drug in itself, but the treatment Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the care which is needed around it. Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when we look at the pattern, Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one thing comes out very clearly: Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see the blue bubbles Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people say HIV is very high in Africa. Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say, HIV is very different in Africa. Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll find the highest HIV rate in the world Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in African countries, Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet you'll find Senegal, down here -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same rate as United States. Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'll find Madagascar, Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you'll find a lot of African countries Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about as low as the rest of the world. Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's this terrible simplification that there's one Africa Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things go on in one way in Africa. Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to stop that. Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not respectful, and it's not very clever Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think that way. Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had the fortune to live and work for a time in the United States. Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found out that Salt Lake City and San Francisco were different. Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it is in Africa -- it's a lot of difference. Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.00,0:05:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why is it so high? Is it war? Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, it's not. Look here. Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,War-torn Congo is down there -- two, three, four percent. Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is peaceful Zambia, neighboring country -- 15 percent. Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's good studies of the refugees coming out of Congo -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have two, three percent infected, Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and peaceful Zambia -- much higher. Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are now studies clearly showing Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the wars are terrible, that rapes are terrible, Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is not the driving force for the high levels in Africa. Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, is it poverty? Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well if you look at the macro level, Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it seems more money, more HIV. Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's very simplistic, Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so let's go down and look at Tanzania. Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will split Tanzania in five income groups, Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.00,0:06:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the highest income to the lowest income, Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here we go. Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ones with the highest income, the better off -- I wouldn't say rich -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have higher HIV. Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The difference goes from 11 percent down to four percent, Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is even bigger among women. Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of things that we thought, that now, good research, Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done by African institutions and researchers Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with the international researchers, show that that's not the case. Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is the difference within Tanzania. Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, I can't avoid showing Kenya. Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look here at Kenya. Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've split Kenya in its provinces. Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here it goes. Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See the difference within one African country -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it goes from very low level to very high level, Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of the provinces in Kenya is quite modest. Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what is it then? Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do we see this extremely high levels in some countries? Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it is more common with multiple partners, Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is less condom use, Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is age-disparate sex -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, older men tend to have sex with younger women. Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see higher rates in younger women than younger men Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many of these highly affected countries. Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where are they situated? Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.00,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will swap the bubbles to a map. Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, the highly infected are four percent of all population Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they hold 50 percent of the HIV-infected. Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV exists all over the world. Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.00,0:07:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, you have bubbles all over the world here. Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazil has many HIV-infected. Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arab countries not so much, but Iran is quite high. Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have heroin addiction and also prostitution in Iran. Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.00,0:07:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,India has many because they are many. Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Southeast Asia, and so on. Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, there is one part of Africa -- Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the difficult thing is, at the same time, Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to make a uniform statement about Africa, Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to come to simple ideas of why it is like this, on one hand. Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, try to say that this is not the case, Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there is a scientific consensus about this pattern now. Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,UNAIDS have done good data available, finally, Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the spread of HIV. Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be concurrency. Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.00,0:08:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be some virus types. Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be that there is other things Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which makes transmission occur in a higher frequency. Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, if you are completely healthy and you have heterosexual sex, Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.00,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk of infection in one intercourse is one in 1,000. Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't jump to conclusions now on how to Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behave tonight and so on. Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.00,0:08:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.00,0:08:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But -- and if you are in an unfavorable situation, Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.00,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more sexually transmitted diseases, it can be one in 100. Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we think is that it could be concurrency. Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is concurrency? Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Sweden, we have no concurrency. Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have serial monogamy. Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vodka, New Year's Eve -- new partner for the spring. Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vodka, Midsummer's Eve -- new partner for the fall. Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.00,0:08:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vodka -- and it goes on like this, you know? Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you collect a big number of exes. Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have a terrible chlamydia epidemic -- Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terrible chlamydia epidemic which sticks around for many years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:09:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV has a peak three to six weeks after infection Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore, having more than one partner in the same month Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is much more dangerous for HIV than others. Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably, it's a combination of this. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what makes me so happy is that we are moving now Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.00,0:09:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards fact when we look at this. Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.00,0:09:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can get this chart, free. Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.00,0:09:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have uploaded UNAIDS data on the Gapminder site. Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.00,0:09:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we hope that when we act on global problems in the future Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.00,0:09:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will not only have the heart, Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.00,0:09:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will not only have the money, Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.00,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we will also use the brain. Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much. Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.00,0:09:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)