[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.49,0:00:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Electric cars are making big waves\Nin the automobile world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.63,0:00:07.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These noise-free, pollution-free\Nand high-performance vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.100,0:00:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are expected to make their IC engine\Ncounterparts obsolete by 2025.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.17,0:00:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video will unveil the hidden \Ntechnologies behind the Tesla model S,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.26,0:00:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which recently became the world's\Nfastest accelerating car.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.81,0:00:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will see how electric cars have\Nachieved superior performance
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.89,0:00:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by analyzing the technology \Nbehind the induction motor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.93,0:00:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inverter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.09,0:00:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lithium-ion battery power source,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.23,0:00:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, above all, the synchronized\Nvehicle mechanism,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.12,0:00:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a logical step-by-step manner.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.97,0:00:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The powerhouse of the Tesla\Ncar is an invention
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.24,0:00:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made by the great scientist Nikola Tesla\Naround 100 years back:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.06,0:00:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the induction motor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.98,0:00:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The induction motor has two main parts:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.27,0:00:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the stator and the rotor.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the construction\Ndetails of the motor here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.28,0:01:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rotor is simply a collection of conducting\Nbars short-circuited by end rings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.64,0:01:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A three-phase AC power input\Nis given to the stator.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.84,0:01:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The three-phase alternating current in\Nthe coils produces a rotating magnetic field.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.40,0:01:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Tesla motor produces \Na four-pole magnetic field.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.64,0:01:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This rotating magnetic field that induces\Ncurrent on the rotor bars to make it turn.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.56,0:01:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an induction motor, \Nthe rotor always lags behind the RMF.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.33,0:01:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An induction motor has neither \Nbrushes nor a permanent magnet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.28,0:01:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time it is robust and powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.51,0:01:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The beauty of an induction motor is that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.60,0:01:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its speed depends on \Nthe frequency of the AC power supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.53,0:01:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just by varying the frequency\Nof the power supply,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.52,0:02:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be able to alter \Nthe drive wheel speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.64,0:02:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This simple fact makes electric car \Nspeed control easy and reliable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.18,0:02:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The motor supply is from \Na variable frequency drive,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.93,0:02:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in turn controls motor speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.53,0:02:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The motor speed can range\Nfrom 0 to 18,000 rpm.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.46,0:02:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the most sizable\Nadvantage electric cars have
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.08,0:02:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when compared to internal combustion cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.05,0:02:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An internal combustion engine\Nproduces usable torque
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.60,0:02:32.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and power output only \Nwithin limited speed range.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.75,0:02:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.58,0:02:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directly connecting the engine rotation\Nto the drive wheel is not a clever idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.29,0:02:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A transmission must be introduced\Nto vary the drive wheel speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.68,0:02:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, an induction motor\Nwill work efficiently in any speed range.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.09,0:02:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus, no speed varying transmission\Nis needed for an electric car.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.80,0:03:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover, an IC engine does not\Nproduce direct rotational motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.29,0:03:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The linear motion of the piston has \Nto be converted to rotational motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.96,0:03:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This causes major problems \Nfor mechanical balancing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.32,0:03:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only is the internal combustion engine\Nnot self-started like an induction motor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.30,0:03:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Further, the power output of\Nan IC engine is always uneven.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.14,0:03:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many accessories are needed\Nto solve these issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.92,0:03:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, you will\Nhave direct rotational motion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.81,0:03:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and uniform power output \Nwith an induction motor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.89,0:03:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many components in the IC engine\Ncan be avoided here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.87,0:03:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result of these factors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.58,0:03:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a great response rate and\Nhigher power to weight ratio
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.21,0:03:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes naturally to an induction motor\Nresulting in superior vehicle performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.11,0:03:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But from where does \Nthe motor receive power?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.21,0:03:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's from a battery pack.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.60,0:04:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The battery produces DC power.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.32,0:04:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So before supply get to a motor \Nit has to be converted to AC.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.99,0:04:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An inverter is used for this purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.68,0:04:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This power electronic device also\Ncontrols the AC power frequency,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.67,0:04:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus controlling the motor speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.73,0:04:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover, the inverter can even\Nvary the amplitude of the AC power
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.20,0:04:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in turn will control \Nthe motor power output.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.69,0:04:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus, the inverter acts as \Nthe brain of the electric car.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.16,0:04:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's turn our focus \Nto the battery pack.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.11,0:04:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will be amazed to find
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.44,0:04:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are just a collection\Nof common lithium-ion cells
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.23,0:04:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to those used in your daily life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.09,0:04:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cells are connected in a combination\Nof series and parallel
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.25,0:04:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce the power required \Nto run your electric car.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.64,0:04:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Glycol coolant is passed \Nthrough metallic inner tubes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.46,0:04:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the gap between the cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.21,0:04:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one principal innovation of Tesla.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.32,0:05:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By using many small cells\Ninstead of a few big cells
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.73,0:05:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effective cooling is guaranteed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.44,0:05:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This minimizes thermal hot spots and\Neven temperature distribution is achieved
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.87,0:05:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading to higher battery pack life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.98,0:05:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cells are arranged \Nas detachable modules.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.92,0:05:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 16 such modules in the battery\Npack constituting around 7,000 cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.93,0:05:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heated Glycol is cooled down\Nby passing through a radiator,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.25,0:05:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is fitted at\Nthe front of the vehicle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.99,0:05:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover, you can see how\Nsuch a low height battery pack,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.02,0:05:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when fitted close to the ground level,\Nwill lower the vehicle center of gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.81,0:05:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lower of gravity improves\Nthe stability of the car considerably.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.76,0:05:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The large battery pack is\Nalso spread across the floor
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.98,0:05:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offering structural rigidity \Nagainst side collisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.53,0:06:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's get back to Tesla's drive-train.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.91,0:06:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The power produced by the motor is\Ntransferred to the drive wheels via a gearbox.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.14,0:06:16.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As previously discussed, Tesla Model S\Nuses a simple single speed transmission
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.43,0:06:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the motor is efficient in \Na wide range of operating conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.35,0:06:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that output speed from \Nthe motor is reduced in two steps.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.89,0:06:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even achieving the reverse gear\Nis quite easy in an electric car.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.29,0:06:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just change the order of\Nthe power phase for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.14,0:06:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only purpose of electric\Ncar transmission
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.34,0:06:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is speed reduction and\Nassociated torque multiplication.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.51,0:06:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second component in \Nthe gearbox is a differential.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.25,0:06:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reduced speed drive is passed to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.76,0:07:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see this is \Na simple open differential.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.96,0:07:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, open differentials, \Nhave a problem of traction control.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.50,0:07:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, why does such an advanced\Ncar use an open differential
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.56,0:07:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than a limited slip differential?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.27,0:07:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is that the open differential\Nis more rugged and can carry more torque.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.04,0:07:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The traction control problem that\Noccurs in an open differential
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.97,0:07:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can effectively be overcome \Nwith help of two methods:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.91,0:07:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,selective braking
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.21,0:07:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cutting the power supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.55,0:07:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an internal combustion engine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.24,0:07:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this power supply cut by cutting\Nthe fuel is not so responsive.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.70,0:07:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an induction motor, however,\Nthe power supply cut is quite responsive
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.95,0:07:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an effective means for\Nobtaining traction control.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.09,0:07:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Tesla,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.07,0:07:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this can all be accomplished using\Na state-of-the-art algorithm
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.99,0:07:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with help from Sensors and controllers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.39,0:07:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, Tesla Motors has replaced \Na complex mechanical hardware system
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.66,0:08:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with smart responsive software.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.85,0:08:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know an electric car\Ncould be driven efficiently
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.26,0:08:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of just one pedal?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.00,0:08:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is due to its powerful \Nregenerative braking system.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.25,0:08:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means saving the huge\Nkinetic energy of the car
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.34,0:08:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the form of electricity \Nwithout wasting it as heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.72,0:08:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an electric car, as soon as\Nyou release the accelerator pedal,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.17,0:08:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the regenerative braking \Ncomes into action.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.50,0:08:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The interesting thing is that,\Nduring the regenerative braking
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.74,0:08:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same induction motor \Nacts as a generator.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.84,0:08:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here the wheels drive the rotor\Nof the induction motor.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.64,0:08:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know in an induction motor \Nthe rotor speed is less than the RMF speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.96,0:08:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To convert the motor to a generator,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.96,0:08:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you just have to make sure that the rotor\Nspeed is greater than the RMF speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.58,0:09:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The inverter plays a crucial role here\Nin adjusting the input power frequency
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.60,0:09:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keeping the RMF speed\Nbelow the rotor speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.27,0:09:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will generate electricity\Nin the stator coils,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.12,0:09:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is way higher than \Nthe supplied electricity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.56,0:09:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The generated electricity \Ncan then be stored
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.70,0:09:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the battery pack after the conversion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.18,0:09:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An opposing electromagnetic force acts\Non the rotor during this process,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.40,0:09:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the drive wheels and \Nthe car will slow down.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.84,0:09:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This way vehicle speed can \Nbe accurately controlled
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.89,0:09:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the drive using a single pedal.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.25,0:09:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brake pedal can be applied \Nfor a complete stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.16,0:09:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you might already be aware,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.04,0:09:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electric cars are much safer \Nthan internal combustion cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.62,0:09:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cost of maintaining and\Ndriving an electric car
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.29,0:09:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is much lower than that \Nof an IC engine car.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.10,0:10:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the drawbacks of the electric car evaded
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.34,0:10:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the advent of improved technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.52,0:10:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electric cars promise to \Nbe the cars of the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.91,0:10:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We thank Mr. Jehu Garcia,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.69,0:10:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an electric car expert and YouTuber\Nfor his technical support for this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.95,0:10:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your support at patreon.com \Nis highly appreciated.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.21,0:10:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It enables us to make additional \Nfree educational videos for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.38,0:10:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.