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Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.49,0:00:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Electric cars are making big waves in the automobile world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.27,0:00:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These noise-free, pollution-fre and high-performance] vehicles are expected to make their IC engine counterparts obsolete by 2025
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.03,0:00:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\N\N0:00:14.830,0:00:21.840\NThis video will unveil the hidden technologies behind the Tesla model S which recently became the world's fastest accelerating car
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.49,0:00:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will see how electric cars have achieved superior performance by analyzing the technology behind the induction motor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.93,0:00:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inverter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.09,0:00:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lithium-Ion battery Power source,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, above all, the synchronized vehicle mechanism, in a logical step-by-step Manner
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.52,0:00:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The powerhouse of the tesla car is an invention made by the great scientist Nikola Tesla around 100 Years back: the induction motor
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.77,0:00:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\N\N0:00:54.489,0:00:58.439\NThe induction Motor has two main parts: the stator and the rotor
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.62,0:01:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the construction details of the motor here
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.28,0:01:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rotor is simply a collection of conducting bars short-circuited by end rings
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.15,0:01:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A three-phase AC power input is given to the stator
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.36,0:01:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The three-phase alternating current in the coils produces a rotating magnetic field. The tesla motor produces a four-pole Magnetic field.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.29,0:01:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This rotating magnetic field that induces current on the rotor bars to make it turn
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.23,0:01:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an induction motor the rotor always lags behind the RMF.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.33,0:01:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An induction motor has neither brushes nor a permanent magnet. At the same time it is robust and powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.10,0:01:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The beauty of an induction motor is that its speed depends on the frequency of the AC power supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.19,0:02:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just by varying the frequency of the power supply, we will be able to alter the drive wheel speed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.29,0:02:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This simple fact makes electric car speed control easy and reliable
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.92,0:02:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The motor Supply is from a variable frequency drive, which in turn controls motor speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.10,0:02:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The motor speed can range from Zero to 18,000 rpm.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.46,0:02:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the most sizable advantage electric cars have when compared to internal combustion cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.97,0:02:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An Internal Combustion engine produces usable torque and power output only within limited speed range
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.75,0:02:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, directly connecting the engine rotation to the drive wheel is not a clever idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.15,0:02:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A transmission must be introduced to vary the drive wheel speed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.68,0:02:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand an induction motor will work efficiently in any speed range
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.09,0:02:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus no speed varying transmission is needed for an electric car
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.80,0:03:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moreover an IC engine does not produce direct rotational motion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.93,0:03:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The linear motion of the piston has to be converted to rotational motion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.48,0:03:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This causes major problems for mechanical balancing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.08,0:03:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only is the internal combustion engine not self-started like an induction motor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.30,0:03:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,further, the power output of an IC engine is always uneven
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.89,0:03:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many accessories are needed to solve these issues
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.63,0:03:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand you will have direct rotational motion and uniform power output with an induction motor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.61,0:03:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many components in the IC engine can be avoided here
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.54,0:03:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result of these factors, a great response rate and higher power to weight ratio comes naturally to an induction motor resulting in superior
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.19,0:03:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vehicle Performance
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.11,0:03:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But from where does the motor receive power?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.21,0:03:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From a battery pack
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.60,0:04:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the battery Produces DC power
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.01,0:04:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so before supply get to a motor it has to be converted to AC
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.99,0:04:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An inverter is used for this purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.40,0:04:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This power electronic device also controls the Ac power frequency thus controlling the motor speed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.57,0:04:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover the Inverter can even vary the amplitude of the ac power which in turn will control the motor power output
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.37,0:04:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus the inverter acts as the brain of the electric car
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.81,0:04:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's turn our focus to the battery pack
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.83,0:04:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will be amazed to find that they are just a collection of common lithium-ion cells similar to those used in your daily life
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.09,0:04:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cells are connected in a combination of series and parallel to produce the power required to run your electric car
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.64,0:04:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Glycol coolant is passed through metallic inner tubes through the gap between the cells
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.80,0:04:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one principal innovation of Tesla
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.92,0:05:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by using many small cells instead of a few big cells
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.73,0:05:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Effective cooling is guaranteed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.10,0:05:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This minimizes thermal hot spots and even temperature distribution is achieved leading to higher battery pack life
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.76,0:05:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cells are arranged as detachable modules
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.73,0:05:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 16 such modules in the battery pack constituting around 7,000 cells
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.50,0:05:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heated Glycol is cooled down by passing through a radiator, which is fitted at the front of the vehicle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.99,0:05:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover you can see how such a low height battery pack when fitted close to the ground level will lower the vehicle center of gravity
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.44,0:05:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lower of gravity improves the stability of the car considerably
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.52,0:05:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The large battery pack is also spread across the floor offering structural rigidity against side collisions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.19,0:06:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's get back to Tesla's drivetrain
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.66,0:06:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The power produced by the motor is transferred to the drive wheels via a gearbox
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.96,0:06:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As previously discussed, tesla model s uses a simple
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.87,0:06:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Single speed transmission because the motor is efficient in a wide range of operating conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.33,0:06:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that output speed from the motor is reduced in two steps
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.73,0:06:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even achieving the reverse gear is quite easy in an electric car. Just change the order of the power phase for this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.80,0:06:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only purpose of electric car transmission is speed reduction and associated torque multiplication
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.16,0:06:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second component in the Gearbox is a differential
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.51,0:06:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reduced speed drive is passed to it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.43,0:07:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see this is a simple open differential. However, open differentials, have a problem of traction control
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.12,0:07:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why does such an advanced car use an open differential rather than a limited slip differential?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.94,0:07:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is that the open differential is more rugged and can carry more torque
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.73,0:07:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A problem that occurs in an open differential can effectively be overcome with help of two methods:\Nselective braking and
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.18,0:07:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cutting the power supply
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.78,0:07:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an Internal combustion engine this power supply cut by cutting the fuel is not so responsive
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.24,0:07:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an induction motor, however, the power supply cut is quite responsive and an effective means for obtaining traction control
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.84,0:07:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the tesla this can all be accomplished using a state-of-the-art algorithm with help from Sensors and controllers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.02,0:07:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, Tesla Motors has replaced a complex mechanical hardware system with smart,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.75,0:08:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsive software
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.58,0:08:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know an electric car could be driven efficiently with the help of just one pedal?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.70,0:08:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is due to its powerful regenerative braking system
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.04,0:08:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means saving the huge kinetic energy of the car in the form of electricity without wasting it as heat
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.40,0:08:25.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an electric car, as soon as you release the accelerator pedal the regenerative braking comes into action
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.13,0:08:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The interesting thing is that during the regenerative braking the same induction motor acts as a generator
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.57,0:08:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here the wheels drive the rotor of the induction motor
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.30,0:08:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know in an induction motor the rotor speed is less than the RMF speed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.61,0:08:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To convert the motor to a generator. You just have to make sure that the rotor speed is greater than the RMF speed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.29,0:09:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The inverter plays a crucial role here in adjusting the input power frequency and keeping the RMF speed below the rotor speed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.06,0:09:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will generate electricity in the stator coils, which is way higher than the supplied electricity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.56,0:09:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The generated electricity can then be stored in the battery pack after the conversion
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.18,0:09:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An opposing electromagnetic force acts on the rotor during this process, so the drive wheels and the car will slow down
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.70,0:09:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This way vehicle speed can be accurately controlled during the drive using a single pedal
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.11,0:09:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brake Pedal can be applied for a complete stop
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.75,0:09:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you might already be aware, electric cars are much safer than internal combustion cars
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.44,0:09:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cost of maintaining and driving an electric car is much lower than that of an IC engine car
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.75,0:10:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the drawbacks of the electric car evaded through the advent of improved technology, electric cars promise to be the cars of the future
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.65,0:10:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think mr.. J. Who Garcia an electric car expert and youtuber for his technical support for this video?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.61,0:10:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your support at patreon.com is highly appreciated. It enables us to make additional free educational videos for you. Thank you