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【音乐】

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（旁白）你很难从人群中识别出他们

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有学习障碍的人融入在普通人群中

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有时候，他们自己都不自知

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（克里斯汀）我学习上一直都有困难

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从我记事起，从一年级起

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所以我基本上已经说服自己

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上学对我来说是件难事

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而我无能为力

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(旁白）学习障碍是无形的残疾

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一个孩子可能会挣扎于学业好几年

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才会得到诊断，而人们就是不明白

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她为什么“学不会”

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（克里斯汀）我大多数的朋友

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可以学习半个小时就拿到A

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而我，在开学之初就要

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学习约4个小时却任然只有D

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（旁白）克里斯汀马上就要返回校园

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取得研究生学位，但她直到大学才知道自己患有阅读障碍

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第一步是诊断

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当学业成绩严重

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低于智力水平的时候

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可能是由于学习障碍

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克里斯是一个高中生，他在小学时被诊出

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患有阅读障碍和书写困难

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（克里斯）我直到2年纪的时候才发现

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当我妈妈开始让我去这些地方

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做长达几个小时的测试

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这让我觉得很无聊

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但后来在他们开始告诉我之后

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我才终于意识到自己在一些领域有轻微的障碍

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比如阅读或写作

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（旁白）学习障碍有很多种

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它对每个人的影响都是不同的

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但它们共通的是

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影响大脑处理信息的方式

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（莱拉）我想患有学习障碍意味着

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学生在某种程度上

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处理过程被打断了

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所以他们可能无法像其他学生一样

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理解消化信息，也无法像其他学生

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那么容易地表达出来

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所以尽管他们很努力

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但也许没法像其他学生一样传达自己的想法

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（旁白）或者可能一开始他们就

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无法有效地吸收信息

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（克里斯）有时，我会读一行字

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然后开始读下一行，读到一半

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我又会跳回上一行再读一遍

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我会重复读一个句子很多遍

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这很恼人

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而有时单词变换位置

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或上下颠倒，这让理解句子很困难

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（旁白）学习障碍可以表现为

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这4种类型中的一个或多个

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口头语言——听力和口语

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书面语言——阅读，写作和拼写

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算数——计算和概念

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论证——组织和整合思路

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有些人可能会受到多种类型的影响

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在这些种类中，有一些特殊类型的

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学习障碍

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比如说：

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有书写困难的人可能会很难

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书写字母和单词，也很难

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书写能辨认的字迹

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那些有计算障碍的人

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很难理解和运用数学概念和符号

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有运用障碍的人，语言理解

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和运用表达不匹配

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运用障碍患者在说话时

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可能会混淆单词和句子

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有些阅读障碍患者可能会混淆单词中的字母

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以及在阅读时混淆句子中的单词

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他也许还很不擅长拼写

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（克里斯汀）学习障碍对每个人

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和他们学习方式的影响是不同的

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比如说，以我为例，学习障碍

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对我的阅读理解有很大影响

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而我数学很好，或曾经

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我做练习的时候很好

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但对于其他人，数学真的很难

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而他们的阅读理解却达到标准

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（克里斯）想象你正在睡觉

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你很困，但你在读一本书

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你开始-你的眼睛开始在书页上徘徊

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然后你开始看见东西移动；你还在读同一行

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就是这种感觉，除了我很清醒

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（莱拉）他们可能阅读有问题

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可能听觉信息有问题

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也许他们只能听到你说的每5个单词

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而不是每一个词；我们还有一些学生

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单独理解听到的每一个词

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而不是整个句子或概念

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我们还有另一些学生能够正常接收信息

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但无法给出反馈

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（旁白）人们可以指定策略

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来弥补学习障碍带来的影响

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电脑技术起到了至关重要的作用

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它帮助人们在学业和事业上取得成功

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花更多的时间来学习，归纳教科书上的内容

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用文字处理器来检查拼写和语法

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（克里斯）写论文时，我可以使用语音识别

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程序，它使我能够对着电脑说话

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它会写出我说的话，因为我有困难

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我写的很不好还潦草

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（旁白）选择硬件和软件需要花些时间

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以得到适合每个人的配置

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但一般来说，这些设备

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并不昂贵

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(Lyla)他们使用的很多软件

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现在都是电脑的标准配置了

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拼写检查和语法检查经常

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是内置在程序中或和程序配套

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当你购买字典的时候它就已经在里面了

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（旁白）我们将展示一些有学习障碍的人

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觉得有效地电脑工具

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这些只是其中的一些可能

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你也许会找到其它对你来说最好用的

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许多阅读障碍患者只使用标准内置的文字处理功能

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拼写检查，语法检查

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以及改变字体大小和颜色就够了

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这些工具使学生能专注于写作

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而不被拼写错误干扰

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（Lindsay）我觉得对于有障碍的人来说

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电脑真的很有用因为它有拼写检查

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和语法检查，人们可以用这些功能来写文论文

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而不必再花更多时间来查字典

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（旁白）最终，许多文字处理程序

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都有彩色编码文字和概括大纲的选项

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对于有归类和排序障碍的人来说

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这些功能很有用

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有些人，他们通过听而非读

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能更好地理解事物

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朗读系统对他们来说很有用

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对他们来说语音输出更有效

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电脑通过软件朗读出文本，电子邮件

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或网页，电脑上有的基本上都可以

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加上一个扫描仪就可以朗读打印的文本

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（Crystal）比如，当需要读书的时候

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我只需扫描它们就能读书给我听

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而无需我花2个小时只能读一页什么的

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（旁白）扫描仪将打印的文本转换成

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电脑可以识别的格式

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然后电脑朗读出这些信息

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同时在屏幕上显示文字

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（屏幕阅读器）一个高个子穿着蝙蝠侠的服装

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飙升出冬日的天空……

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（旁白）朗读系统可以用

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对比色来高亮文字

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或放大屏幕上的文字

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（屏幕阅读器）第二层？

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（旁白）概念构图软件

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能把思想观念视觉化

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帮助在写作时

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有组织整合思路困难的人

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（Kristin）写作是我的强项之一

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但我要花费很长时间来整合思路

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（旁白）通过概念构图，可以连接，

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重排，和颜色编码各种创意

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概念地图可以被转换成传统的文字大纲

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这可以用来开始和组织

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各种写作项目

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包括诗歌，学期论文，简历或计划

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单词预测软件对

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有拼写困难的人很有用

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它会提示用户

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一个最有可能的单词列表

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基于迄今键入的内容

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程序用户可以参照这个列表

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选择一个词，继续写下去

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语音输出和单词预测通常是一起的

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