[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.23,0:00:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> So, here's a circuit for the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.40,0:00:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in order for you to understand how this works,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.82,0:00:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need a little bit of electronics background.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.52,0:00:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm going to do my best to try and explain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.96,0:00:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least intuitively how this circuit works.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.25,0:00:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here's the single transistor I was telling you about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.77,0:00:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, the three resistors,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.04,0:00:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one is here, one is here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.15,0:00:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the other one is right there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.89,0:00:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told you that there is a big electrolytic capacitor. That's this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.44,0:00:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said there is a neon electrolytic aluminum foil one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.69,0:00:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's this one right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.96,0:00:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said there are two transformers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.12,0:00:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here's the first transformer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.55,0:00:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here is the second transformer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.10,0:00:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here's the neon flash shoot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.92,0:00:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the thing that flashes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.60,0:00:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sorry, not the neon just a regular flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.46,0:00:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is a little neon bulb.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.26,0:00:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the one that I just showed you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.17,0:00:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was an LED,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.32,0:00:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it doesn't really matter, the concept is the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.76,0:00:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, sometimes they use the neon one here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.90,0:00:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the trigger switch,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.79,0:00:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then when you close the flash fires,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.59,0:00:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here's the on and off switch. Let's go through this circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.54,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, at the beginning the on and off switch is open.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's forget about everything that's on this side of the circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.74,0:01:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If this switch is open,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.34,0:01:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is, therefore,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.95,0:01:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no current going through the base,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.12,0:01:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no voltage on the base.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.42,0:01:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this bipolar transistor is turned off,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.37,0:01:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there is no current going down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.03,0:01:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As soon as you close the circuit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.44,0:01:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can follow this connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.62,0:01:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It goes through somewhere in the middle of the transformer and is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.14,0:01:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connected to all the way up to 1.5 volts.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.63,0:01:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you will bring some current and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.42,0:01:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some voltage close to 1.5 volt at the base of this transistor
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.74,0:01:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will quickly turn this transistor on
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.63,0:01:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing a large current to go down from the collector to the emitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.11,0:01:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, as soon as you induce a current,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.95,0:01:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go through this half of the transformer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.90,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this itself will cause a current to be induced on the other half of the transformer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as soon as you do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.60,0:01:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the current in here will then lower the voltage of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.09,0:01:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the base to go down to even below zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.82,0:02:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, then the transistor turns off again.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.43,0:02:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when a transistor turns off this voltage will then eventually go
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.14,0:02:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back all the way up to 1.5 volts because the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.39,0:02:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,current will stop, and then the transistor will turn on again.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.06,0:02:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this transistor turns itself on and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.12,0:02:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off through this feedback path in the transformer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.34,0:02:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you could say that this portion of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.81,0:02:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the circuit is essentially nothing more than an oscillator.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.02,0:02:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, by turning the transistor on and off quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.71,0:02:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can induce a current in the transformer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.36,0:02:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this center tab brings back a small voltage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.56,0:02:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that the entire voltage across
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.90,0:02:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the transformer does not appear at the base of this transistor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.44,0:02:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it did, the transistor would die.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.99,0:02:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they've taken only a part of that voltage down to the base of the transformer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.61,0:02:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the whole transformer has a huge turn ratio.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.98,0:02:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By that I mean, if you look at this circuit again,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.45,0:02:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can only see the outer coil,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.64,0:03:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the outer coil of this transformer and I can count it has about six or seven turns only.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.78,0:03:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That coil on the outside that you can see, that's this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.60,0:03:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the inside below that yellow tape is a whole bunch of other turns of this transformer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.69,0:03:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe about a thousand or a hundred times more than what is on the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.33,0:03:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that will cause a huge voltage difference
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.15,0:03:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer, and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.45,0:03:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's how you are able to generate such a higher voltage using only a 1.5 volt supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.04,0:03:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they take the high voltage portion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.23,0:03:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the output of the transformer and they connect it to this diode.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.34,0:03:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do that for a very specific reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.84,0:03:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because the signal that appears here is AC.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.94,0:03:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's AC, why? Because it's an oscillator.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.10,0:03:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it turns on and off constantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.15,0:03:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That AC voltage will go below zero by several 100 volts every time on this down cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.24,0:03:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This diode will only conduct current when
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.65,0:04:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the voltage on this side is lower than the voltage on this side.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.86,0:04:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, every time this voltage goes well below zero,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.45,0:04:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this big capacitor, which is the main capacitor of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.58,0:04:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flash gets charged a little bit more.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.24,0:04:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, every time during every oscillation cycle you will
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.50,0:04:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put a little bit more charge into this big capacitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.27,0:04:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the voltage at the output of the capacitor is a DC voltage
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.45,0:04:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the voltage on the other side of the diode is an AC voltage.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.84,0:04:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you essentially have built what's called a peak detector,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.47,0:04:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you'll keep dumping
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.61,0:04:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more and more and more voltage charge
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.01,0:04:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into this capacitor and the capacitor begins to charge up.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.74,0:04:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will take a look at it under a oscilloscope so we can
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.34,0:04:42.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see the oscillation very clearly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.41,0:04:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this guy will then eventually charge up to minus 350 volts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.76,0:04:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason I say minus 350 volts is because
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.26,0:04:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm measuring everything with the respect to the ground of the battery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.95,0:04:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you assume that this is a zero volts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.78,0:04:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every time this thing spikes well below zero,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.50,0:05:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the diode conducts and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.98,0:05:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the positive terminal of the capacitor is actually connected to ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.95,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this knot can go all the way down to minus 350 volts.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other side of this now,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.88,0:05:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a whole bunch of other circuits that is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.69,0:05:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsible for actually triggering the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.57,0:05:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there's a big resistor that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.63,0:05:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,separates this half of the circuit from this half the circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.03,0:05:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is a big capacitor here that's charged up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.81,0:05:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that capacitor is connected on one side of the flash tube,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.78,0:05:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other side of the flash tube is grounded.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.04,0:05:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this side here we have the neon light or the LED,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.29,0:05:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a big resistor in series.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.76,0:05:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if this voltage gets high enough, meaning when the flash is ready to be fired,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.26,0:05:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the light turns on, it's just an indicator to let you as the user
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.82,0:05:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know that the flash will fire once you push the shutter button.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.54,0:05:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this portion of the circuit is only an indicator.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.14,0:05:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you have another capacitor here much smaller than this one that will
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.19,0:05:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charge to about the same voltage as this capacitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.43,0:06:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as time passes and the flash is charged up,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.12,0:06:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slowly current will flow through here and charge
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.28,0:06:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up this capacitor to the same voltage as this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.60,0:06:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a much smaller capacitor,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.15,0:06:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here's the triggers switch on the other side and another transformer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.01,0:06:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the way that flash tube works is that even though we are
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.44,0:06:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting zero volts here and minus 350 volts here,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.89,0:06:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's not enough to initiate the flash,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.88,0:06:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the potential is not big enough for a spark to form inside the flash tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.75,0:06:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you need to kick it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.20,0:06:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to initiate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.84,0:06:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it for the current to start flowing and once the current starts to flow,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.08,0:06:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the path, the short-circuit happens in the middle of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.49,0:06:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flash, and then you get the flash which is a spark.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.89,0:06:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in order to kick it and initiate the current,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.80,0:06:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to put a very,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.30,0:06:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very large voltage, in this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.01,0:06:50.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very large negative voltage right here to dry the electrons into the tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.87,0:06:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you dry the electrons in the tube, then you will fire the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.53,0:06:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is done through this transformer and this capacitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.25,0:07:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if I close this circuit quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.60,0:07:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is done by connecting these two wires together very briefly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.53,0:07:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will discharge this capacitor through
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.34,0:07:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this inductor half of the transformer and to ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.15,0:07:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there will be a burst of current,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.70,0:07:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of it but for a very short time right through
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.09,0:07:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this transformer which will then cause even a bigger,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.60,0:07:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this transformer has a big turn ratio,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.95,0:07:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bigger voltage on the other side.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.77,0:07:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for a very brief time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.59,0:07:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something close to minus 2,000 volts appears
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.92,0:07:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here for a very short time and that initiates the flash,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.67,0:07:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causes the electrons to be drawn into
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.53,0:07:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tube and all the way to the other side and to ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.16,0:07:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you get the big bright light that you see.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.60,0:07:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this entire circuit is everything that's on this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.90,0:07:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't omitted anything that is on this circuit that you just saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.61,0:07:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, by looking at this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.68,0:07:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should be able to make some predictions well,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.50,0:08:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should be able to put our oscilloscope at this node,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.80,0:08:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and look at the waveform that I told you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.67,0:08:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should be able to measure a very large negative voltage at this node.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.52,0:08:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, we should be able to see this light turn on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.63,0:08:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will do all of those things right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.45,0:08:15.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll also take a look at how you would measure something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.95,0:08:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, at the very end,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.45,0:08:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll see how we can use this in
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.55,0:08:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combination with a Nixie tube and do some experiments there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.51,0:08:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in order to make the experiments safer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.52,0:08:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've taken one of these flash and I've removed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.32,0:08:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the components that I don't need to and I have some wires to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.66,0:08:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it can be easily connected to a power supply,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.83,0:08:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can measure currents and voltages and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.48,0:08:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example these battery holders, I don't need,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.21,0:08:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not going to be using the flash itself
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.70,0:08:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anymore because I want to use it for Nixie tube,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.73,0:08:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I can remove that and sought of some wires to it so then,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.76,0:08:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I ended up with something that looks like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.30,0:08:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, exactly the same circuit, everything is the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.44,0:08:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've removed the flash, the capacitors there,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.80,0:09:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can see this one actually uses a,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.92,0:09:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this thing will focus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.12,0:09:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This thing uses a little neon tube as
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.03,0:09:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opposed to an LED to tell you when the flash is charged.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.03,0:09:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, a little bit different but it's the same circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.52,0:09:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have also connected a piece of metal size,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.72,0:09:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a piece the metal across the on and off terminal,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.60,0:09:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to permanently keep it in the on position.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.44,0:09:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this would make it a little bit easier for me to do some experiments with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.24,0:09:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've also removed the low trigger and put a jumper there in its place.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.66,0:09:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wire that I inserted through, this wires is just
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.52,0:09:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that across the plus and minus terminal of the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.13,0:09:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can connect this to my power supply,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.60,0:09:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we can check to see what is the voltage on the capacitor?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.48,0:09:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How long does it take to charge that?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.96,0:09:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we will do one discharge cycle by short circuiting
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.74,0:09:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the capacitors which is not recommended, just for entertainment.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.89,0:09:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, then we will show you the wave from the oscilloscope,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.43,0:09:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we'll get to the Nixie tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.77,0:09:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's see what I can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.75,0:10:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'm going to take the positive and the negative terminals.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.56,0:10:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to connect them to my power supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.80,0:10:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here's a positive,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.67,0:10:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here is a negative terminal, so I'll put that down.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.64,0:10:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will take the positive and the negative terminal of the multi-meter.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.17,0:10:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to connect it across the capacitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.51,0:10:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'm going to connect a negative toward the ground of this power supply would be.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.13,0:10:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the positive terminal of the capacitor,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.28,0:10:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I will take the other wire and connected to negative terminal of the capacitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.22,0:10:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what I'm doing here is that I'm using my power supply to power the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.62,0:10:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am measuring the voltage across the capacitor directly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.74,0:10:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will be able to move this side away,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.18,0:10:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will be able to see at the same time the voltage that I'm applying to the flash unit.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.66,0:10:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will be able to see a current that the flash unit takes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.29,0:10:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will show up right here,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.44,0:11:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you will be able to see the voltage across the capacitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.43,0:11:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, right now the voltage across the capacitor is minus 5.2 volts approximately,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.84,0:11:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the residue from the last time that I charged it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.38,0:11:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.03,0:11:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to turn the power supply on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.07,0:11:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, right now it says zero volts at zero amps. Is that makes sense?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.92,0:11:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to slowly raise this voltage at all the way up to 1.5 volts,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.02,0:11:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since I have already started the on and off button shut,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.20,0:11:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will start charging right away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.82,0:11:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, at the very beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.28,0:11:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to about 0.5 volts,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.75,0:11:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will get nothing because its bipolar transistor hasn't turned on yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.80,0:11:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as soon as you go about 0.6 volts, right there, now,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.03,0:11:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flash is starting to charge up the capacitor and you can see the voltage here
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.14,0:11:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is already on minus a 115 volts and it keeps rising slowly.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.30,0:11:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Minus a 123 votes,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.16,0:11:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is only a 0.6 volt.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.04,0:11:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An alkaline battery, a double A battery can go all the way up to 1.5.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.81,0:11:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's do that, 1.5 volts.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.20,0:12:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll wait a little bit until this thing charges.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.85,0:12:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see draws a lot of current at the beginning of is drawing almost an Amp.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.62,0:12:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, right now the current keeps going down.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.76,0:12:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that makes sense of course because the current
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.64,0:12:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeps going down because the capacitor keeps charging.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.80,0:12:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, resists loading on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.34,0:12:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time, you can see the voltage appear now is at 324 minus 326-7 volts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.53,0:12:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I turn this, I have to be very very careful handling this nap very very careful.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.84,0:12:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if I shift it over,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.71,0:12:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see that little light flashing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.74,0:12:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the little neon light I was telling you about.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.30,0:12:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me bring it up a bit closer to the camera.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.78,0:12:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hopefully, we'll focus on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.13,0:12:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you can see the neon flash going on and off.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.94,0:12:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is actually a little quiz in this episode that I like to see
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.58,0:12:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you guys try and discuss it on
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.39,0:12:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the forum or on the comments sections of the YouTube channel.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.59,0:12:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question I have for you is,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.42,0:13:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can you tell me why does this light flash?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.68,0:13:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you that in the LED version,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.36,0:13:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I were to replace this with an LED,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.07,0:13:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the LED would not flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.90,0:13:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let me know why you think this is flashing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.70,0:13:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's put this down.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.08,0:13:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, now I have charged the capacitor to minus 350 volts.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.78,0:13:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still some about 296 milliamps of current going through it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.64,0:13:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you leave this for a while longer,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.66,0:13:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not going to go much more than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.29,0:13:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to go about minus 358 volts.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.36,0:13:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its probably going to have it around that point.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.26,0:13:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, now that capacitor is fully charged, so
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.16,0:13:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I'm going to do is,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.96,0:13:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to turn the power supply off.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.98,0:13:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there's no more current going in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.32,0:13:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see this voltage will start to slowly fall for
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.72,0:13:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many reasons that the flashing light is of course is consuming some power,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.66,0:13:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's leakage through the capacitor and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.84,0:13:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that voltage will continue to go down.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.70,0:13:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let me get something to discharge it.