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(Applause)

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Thank you.

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When I was 13,

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I lost my grandfather
to a silent heart attack.

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What happened to be more
shocking was that at 75,

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grandpa was really normal,
healthy and energetic,

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but he was diabetic.

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Learning all of this was so painful

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that I decided to go out on a war
against this deadly killer

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and see what could be done.

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It was shocking to discover
the results of recent studies

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that have shown an estimate
of nearly eight million people

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who die from heart attacks every year.

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Heart attacks occur for many reasons,

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but most often, they occur
when arteries get clogged,

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blood flow is cut off

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and oxygen-starved cells
in the heart muscles start to die.

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You may know the common
symptoms of a heart attack:

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chest pain, arm pain, shortness
of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...

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but there is a type of heart attack
that is quite common,

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just as deadly,

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but harder to detect
because the symptoms are silent.

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People having silent heart attacks
just don't realize what's happening,

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so they're not seeking medical attention,

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which means they're less likely
to receive the treatment that they need

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at the critical moment.

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And even if they do
get to the hospital by chance,

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either before or after
they are struck by a heart attack,

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they might have to go through one or more
of these time-consuming, expensive tests

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and treatments,

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which are currently considered
the gold standards

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of heart-attack diagnosis.

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The greater concern, however,

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is that these silent heart attacks
account for nearly 45 percent

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of all heart attacks.

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Patients with diabetes and similar
disorders suffer from nerve damage

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that prevents them from feeling
the sort of pain

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that usually signals to someone

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that he or she may be having
a heart attack.

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Which means they suffer
the damage of a heart attack

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without even knowing or feeling anything.

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These already at-risk patients
suffer from nerve damage,

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and they do not get
immediate medical care.

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They do not know anything before
an unlikely event is about to occur.

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My grandfather
was an at-risk patient, too.

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I probed this issue further --

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read as much as I could
to understand the heart,

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met researchers
and worked across labs in India.

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And finally, after three long years
of persistent research,

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what I have to share with the world today
is a promising solution.

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A noninvasive device that is inexpensive,

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portable, wearable by at-risk
patients at all times.

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It greatly reduces
the need for a blood test

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and works 24/7, collecting
and analyzing data at preset intervals.

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And all this data is collected
for a single purpose:

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detecting heart attacks as they occur.

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This is a very promising solution
that might help us in the future.

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You may not know how intelligent
your heart really is.

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It tries to communicate to your body
multiple times before failing,

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by indicating symptoms like chest pain.

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These symptoms are triggered
when the heart loses out

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on oxygen-rich blood flow.

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But remember I told you
about the nerve damage.

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It silences these symptoms
before a silent heart attack,

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which makes it even deadlier.

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And you may not even know
the common symptoms.

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Meanwhile, the heart also sends out
certain biomarkers --

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cardiac biomarkers or proteins
that are SOS messages --

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in the form of SOS messages --

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into your bloodstream,

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indicating that the heart is at risk.

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As it gets riskier and riskier,

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the concentrations
of these cardiac biomarker proteins

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keep increasing abysmally.

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My device solely relies on this data.

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The key is that these cardiac
biomarkers are found

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in one of the earliest
stages of a heart attack,

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when someone is almost sure to survive

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if he or she gets prompt care.

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And my device is solely based
on that basis.

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And here's how my device works.

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A silicon patch is worn around your wrist
or placed near your chest.

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Without having to prick your skin
for a biomarker blood test,

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this patch can spot, isolate and track
a heart-attack specific biomarker

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called H-FABP,

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and alerts you if and when it reaches
a critical level in your bloodstream --

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a process that's much simpler, easier
and cheaper than conventional methods

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of heart-attack diagnosis.

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By checking on biomarker
concentration data,

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a system like this,
with advanced research in the future,

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could significantly reduce the need
for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor

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for a biomarker blood test,

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because the device
could be worn at all times,

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sensing biomarker elevations in real time.

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Thus, if the device senses the biomarker
levels going beyond the critical point,

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the at-risk patient could be warned
of an impending cardiac arrest

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and that he or she needs
immediate medical attention.

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Although the device may not be able
to provide the patient

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with the complete analysis
of the cardiac injury,

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it might be of immense help

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in actually indicating
that the patient is in danger,

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so that the patient can be alarmed

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and know that immediate care is crucial.

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Every at-risk patient will now receive
more time to survive

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and reach out for medical help.

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Consequently, they don't have to go

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for expensive and invasive
medical treatments

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that would otherwise be necessary
after a heart attack.

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When I got my device tested
on at-risk patients under observation,

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results from the clinical validation tests

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certified close to a 96 percent
accuracy and sensitivity.

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I intend to make my device available
to people in two variants:

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one which gives digital analysis
of the biomarker levels

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and a simpler version
for the people in rural areas

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which simply vibrates when the biomarker
levels go beyond the critical point.

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When we look at our progress
in cardiac health care today,

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it is more of sick care than preventative
self-care and technology.

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We literally wait
for the heart attack to occur

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and put our vast majority of resources
into post-care treatment.

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But by then, irreversible damage
will already be done.

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I firmly believe it's time
for us to rethink medicine.

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We must establish proactive
health-care technologies.

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A change must be brought out
not 10 years from now,

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not five years from now,

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but today.

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And so, hopefully, one day,

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with the help of these devices,

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someone else won't lose
his or her grandfather just like I did.

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Thank you so much.

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(Applause)

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Thank you.