WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:04.000 (English captions by Trisha Paul, University of Michigan.) 00:00:04.000 --> 00:00:09.000 In this session, you will be introduced to the SPHERE standards. 00:00:12.000 --> 00:00:17.000 A set of guidelines has been developed to guide decision makers on key issues to consider 00:00:17.000 --> 00:00:21.000 in responding to disaster situations. 00:00:22.000 --> 00:00:25.000 SPHERE is basically three things. 00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:26.000 It is a handbook. 00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:33.000 It is a process of collaboration, and an expression of commitment to quality and accountability 00:00:33.000 --> 00:00:39.000 and human rights for people involved in disaster situations. 00:00:41.000 --> 00:00:47.000 The rationale of the SPHERE project is that it is an international collaboration for consensus 00:00:47.000 --> 00:00:53.000 involving standards for disaster response, a process to create a common language leading 00:00:53.000 --> 00:01:05.000 to transparency, accountability and increased quality, a drive to improve quality and accountability in disaster situations. 00:01:09.000 --> 00:01:13.000 The SPHERE manual is laid out in chapters. 00:01:13.000 --> 00:01:20.000 Each chapter covers a key area for consideration in disaster management and it includes minimum 00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:27.000 standards, key indicators for those standards, and guidance notes on what to consider in 00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:29.000 preparing to meet these standards. 00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:35.000 Please acquire a copy of the SPHERE manual. 00:01:35.000 --> 00:01:42.000 The minimum standards section shows the minimum requirements for the particular area 00:01:42.000 --> 00:01:45.000 of consideration. 00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:51.000 Key indicators act as signals that determine whether or not a standard has been attained. 00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:58.000 The guidance notes are guidance notes for implementers that provide additional information 00:01:58.000 --> 00:02:07.000 that is useful for actual implementation of the standards. 00:02:07.000 --> 00:02:10.000 These are the contents of the SPHERE manual. 00:02:10.000 --> 00:02:13.000 It begins with the humanitarian chapter. 00:02:13.000 --> 00:02:20.000 It shows the common standards, that is, standards common to all disasters. 00:02:20.000 --> 00:02:29.000 In our set team, we have adjusted it to mean standards for response management. 00:02:29.000 --> 00:02:35.000 Underneath this, it shows standards for water supply and sanitation, food security and nutrition 00:02:35.000 --> 00:02:42.000 and food aid, shelter and settlement management of non-food items, the management of health 00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:45.000 services in disaster situations. 00:02:45.000 --> 00:02:51.000 These standards are mainly applicable for disasters that result in mass displacement 00:02:51.000 --> 00:02:58.000 of people, with people living in camps and they need assistance in these various areas. 00:02:58.000 --> 00:03:06.000 But excerpts of these standards can be used, can be extracted and used for smaller scale 00:03:06.000 --> 00:03:17.000 disaster situations provided they involve displacement or resettlement of people. 00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:26.000 Standards are given for response mechanisms common to all disasters, that is, response 00:03:26.000 --> 00:03:27.000 management. 00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:34.000 Water supply, sanitation and hygiene, food security, nutrition and food-aid, shelter, 00:03:34.000 --> 00:03:41.000 settlement and non-food items, and health services. 00:03:41.000 --> 00:03:44.000 The standards also include appendices. 00:03:44.000 --> 00:03:51.000 Water Supply and Sanitation Initial Needs Assessment Checklist is provided there. 00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:55.000 Planning guidelines for minimum water quantities for institutions and other uses, an appendix 00:03:55.000 --> 00:03:58.000 is provided. 00:03:58.000 --> 00:04:03.000 Water and excreta related diseases and transmission mechanisms, an appendix is provided. 00:04:03.000 --> 00:04:08.000 And the standards also give references. 00:04:08.000 --> 00:04:10.000 Examples. 00:04:10.000 --> 00:04:14.000 If you have a copy of the manual, check for the standards. 00:04:14.000 --> 00:04:21.000 What is the minimum recommended standard on the amount of water required per individual per 00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:23.000 day? 00:04:23.000 --> 00:04:28.000 How much of this is required for drinking? 00:04:28.000 --> 00:04:33.000 What is the standard for quality of drinking water? 00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:36.000 What is the standard for sanitation facilities? 00:04:36.000 --> 00:04:39.000 What is the standard for water stand-pipes? 00:04:39.000 --> 00:04:48.000 What is the standard for distance to water source among displaced populations? 00:04:48.000 --> 00:04:50.000 Water and sanitation. 00:04:50.000 --> 00:05:04.000 An average of 15 liters of water for use per day per person, and includes 2.5-3 liters for drinking and food. 00:05:04.000 --> 00:05:12.000 On water quality, the standards specify that the water should have no fecal coliforms 00:05:12.000 --> 00:05:15.000 in every 100 mls. 00:05:15.000 --> 00:05:23.000 Other issues: standards have provided for excreta disposal a maximum of 20 people per 00:05:23.000 --> 00:05:30.000 latrine, involvement of the people in planning the sanitation resources, 250 people per stand 00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:37.000 of pipe, and the distance from the dwellings to the water standpipe should be less than 00:05:37.000 --> 00:05:43.000 500 meters. 00:05:43.000 --> 00:05:47.000 Other examples. 00:05:47.000 --> 00:05:50.000 Refer to your SPHERE standards manual. 00:05:50.000 --> 00:06:01.000 With regards to food and nutrition, 2100 kilocalories per person per day recommended. 00:06:01.000 --> 00:06:10.000 With regard to cereals, they need about 14 kilograms per person per month. 00:06:10.000 --> 00:06:18.000 Pulses, such as issues like beans, peas, about 2.4 kilograms per person per month. 00:06:18.000 --> 00:06:25.000 Oil 0.8 kilograms per person per month. 00:06:25.000 --> 00:06:30.000 And the corn soya blend (CSB) 1.6 Kg per person per month. 00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:34.000 Remember the vulnerable people! 00:06:34.000 --> 00:06:44.000 This is an example of a planned shelter as a standard. 00:06:44.000 --> 00:06:48.000 In summary, Sphere is based on qualitative and quantitative standards. 00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:51.000 The standards are universal in nature. 00:06:51.000 --> 00:06:57.000 The standards are a summary of five capabilities that are important in the management of disasters 00:06:57.000 --> 00:07:00.000 that evoke the mass displacement of people. 00:07:00.000 --> 00:07:08.000 These include general response management, or standards common to all disasters, shelter, 00:07:08.000 --> 00:07:12.000 provisions for water and sanitation, provisions for health, and provisions for food and nutrition.