[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.47,0:00:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to start, if I may, Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.46,0:00:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the story of the Paisley snail. Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.33,0:00:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the evening of the 26th of August, 1928, Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.52,0:00:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,May Donoghue took a train from Glasgow Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.48,0:00:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the town of Paisley, seven miles east of the city, Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.24,0:00:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there at the Wellmeadow Café, Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.70,0:00:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had a Scot's ice cream float, Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.87,0:00:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mix of ice cream and ginger beer Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.35,0:00:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bought for her by a friend. Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.61,0:00:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ginger beer came in a brown, opaque bottle Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.96,0:00:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,labeled "D. Stevenson, Glen Lane, Paisley." Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.83,0:00:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She drank some of the ice cream float, Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.90,0:00:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as the remaining ginger beer was poured Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.61,0:00:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into her tumbler, Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.29,0:00:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a decomposed snail Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.14,0:00:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,floated to the surface of her glass. Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.38,0:00:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three days later, she was admitted Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.71,0:00:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.04,0:00:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and diagnosed with severe gastroenteritis Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.41,0:00:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shock. Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.58,0:00:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The case of Donoghue v. Stevenson that followed Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.53,0:00:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set a very important legal precedent: Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.04,0:00:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stevenson, the manufacturer of the ginger beer, Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.94,0:00:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was held to have a clear duty of care Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.17,0:00:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards May Donoghue, Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.16,0:01:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though there was no contract between them, Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.28,0:01:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, indeed, she hadn't even bought the drink. Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.01,0:01:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the judges, Lord Atkin, described it like this: Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.97,0:01:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you must take care to avoid acts or omissions Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.04,0:01:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you can reasonably foresee Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.08,0:01:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be likely to injure your neighbor. Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.27,0:01:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, one wonders that without a duty of care, Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.63,0:01:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many of people would have had to suffer Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.46,0:01:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from gastroenteritis before Stevenson\Neventually went out of business. Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.08,0:01:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now please hang on to that Paisley snail story, Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.25,0:01:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's an important principle. Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.24,0:01:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year, the Hansard Society,\Na nonpartisan charity Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.29,0:01:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which seeks to strengthen parliamentary democracy Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.16,0:01:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encourage greater public involvement in politics Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.32,0:01:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,published, along side their annual audit Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.91,0:01:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of political engagement, an additional section Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.83,0:01:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,devoted entirely to politics and the media. Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.83,0:01:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are a couple of rather depressing observations Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.97,0:01:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from that survey. Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.30,0:01:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tabloid newspapers do not appear Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.38,0:01:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to advance the political citizenship of their readers, Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.39,0:01:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relative even to those Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.94,0:01:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who read no newspapers whatsoever. Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.01,0:02:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tabloid-only readers are twice as likely to agree Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.32,0:02:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a negative view of politics Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.19,0:02:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than readers of no newspapers. Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.70,0:02:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not just less politically engaged. Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.62,0:02:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are consuming media that reinforces Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.07,0:02:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their negative evaluation of politics, Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.80,0:02:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thereby contributing to a fatalistic and cynical Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.89,0:02:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attitude to democracy and their own role within it. Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.21,0:02:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little wonder that the report concluded that Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.15,0:02:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this respect, the press, particularly the tabloids, Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.45,0:02:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appear not to be living up to the importance Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.65,0:02:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their role in our democracy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.68,0:02:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I doubt if anyone in this room would seriously Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.51,0:02:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,challenge that view. Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.30,0:02:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if Hansard are right, and they usually are, Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.71,0:02:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we've got a very serious problem on our hands, Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.69,0:02:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's one that I'd like to spend the next 10 minutes Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.82,0:02:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focusing upon. Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.38,0:02:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the Paisley snail, Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.24,0:02:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially over the past decade or so, Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.76,0:02:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a great deal of thinking has been developed Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.34,0:02:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the notion of a duty of care Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.39,0:02:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it relates to a number of aspects of civil society. Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.82,0:02:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generally a duty of care arises when one individual Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.56,0:02:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a group of individuals undertakes an activity Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.45,0:02:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has the potential to cause harm to another, Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.66,0:03:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either physically, mentally, or economically. Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.59,0:03:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is principally focused on obvious areas, Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.92,0:03:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as our empathetic response\Nto children and young people, Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.19,0:03:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our service personnel, and\Nto the elderly and infirm. Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.72,0:03:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is seldom, if ever, extended\Nto equally important arguments Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.76,0:03:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the fragility of our\Npresent system of government, Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.16,0:03:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the notion that honesty, accuracy, and impartiality Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.81,0:03:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are fundamental to the process of building Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.77,0:03:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and embedding an informed, Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.56,0:03:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participatory democracy. Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.45,0:03:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more you think about it, Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.89,0:03:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the stranger that is. Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.77,0:03:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.34,0:03:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of opening a brand new school Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.97,0:03:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the northeast of England. Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.51,0:03:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had been renamed by its pupils as Academy 360. Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.20,0:03:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I walked through their impressive, Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.78,0:03:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glass-covered atrium, Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.35,0:03:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in front of me, emblazoned on the wall Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.18,0:03:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in letters of fire Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.84,0:03:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was Marcus Aurelius's famous injunction: Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.86,0:03:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it's not true, don't say it, Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.49,0:03:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it's not right, don't do it. Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.88,0:03:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The head teacher saw me staring at it, Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.56,0:04:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "Oh, that's our school motto." Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.97,0:04:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the train back to London, Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.25,0:04:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't get it out of my mind. Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.05,0:04:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I kept thinking, can it really have taken us Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.38,0:04:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 2,000 years to come to terms Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.89,0:04:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with that simple notion Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.77,0:04:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as being our minimum expectation of each other? Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.67,0:04:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't it time that we develop this concept Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.16,0:04:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a duty of care Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.10,0:04:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and extended it to include a care Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.14,0:04:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our shared but increasingly\Nendangered democratic values? Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.48,0:04:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, the absence of a duty of care Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.59,0:04:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within many professions Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.10,0:04:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can all too easily amount to\Naccusations of negligence, Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.44,0:04:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that being the case, can we be\Nreally comfortable with the thought Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.77,0:04:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're in effect being negligent Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.81,0:04:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in respect of the health of our own societies Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.77,0:04:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the values that necessarily underpin them? Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.58,0:04:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could anyone honestly suggest, on the evidence, Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.10,0:04:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the same media which\NHansard so roundly condemned Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.80,0:04:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have taken sufficient care to avoid behaving Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.17,0:04:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways which they could reasonably have foreseen Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.35,0:04:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be likely to undermine or even damage Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.45,0:05:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our inherently fragile democratic settlement. Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.21,0:05:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there will be those who will argue Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.64,0:05:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this could all too easily drift into a form Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.07,0:05:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of censorship, albeit self-censorship, Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.27,0:05:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I don't buy that argument. Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.10,0:05:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be possible Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.09,0:05:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to balance freedom of expression Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.29,0:05:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with wider moral and social responsibilities. Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.68,0:05:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me explain why by taking the example Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.40,0:05:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from my own career as a filmmaker. Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.09,0:05:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Throughout that career, I never accepted Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.01,0:05:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a filmmaker should set about putting Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.41,0:05:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own work outside or above what he or she Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.24,0:05:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believed to be a decent set of values Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.96,0:05:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their own life, their own family, Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.09,0:05:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the future of the society in which we all live. Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.60,0:05:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd go further. Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.06,0:05:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A responsible filmmaker should\Nnever devalue their work Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.52,0:05:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a point at which it becomes less than true Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.09,0:05:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the world they themselves wish to inhabit. Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.73,0:05:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I see it, filmmakers, journalists, even bloggers Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.68,0:05:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are all required to face up to the social expectations Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.84,0:05:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that come with combining the\Nintrinsic power of their medium Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.41,0:05:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their well-honed professional skills. Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.83,0:06:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously this is not a mandated duty, Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.70,0:06:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for the gifted filmmaker\Nand the responsible journalist Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.02,0:06:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even the blogger it strikes me as being Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.66,0:06:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,utterly inescapable. Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.99,0:06:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should always remember that our notion Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.62,0:06:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of individual freedom and\Nits partner, creative freedom, Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.52,0:06:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is comparatively new Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.32,0:06:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the history of Western ideas, Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.60,0:06:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for that reason, it's often undervalued Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.53,0:06:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can be very quickly undermined. Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.69,0:06:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a prize easily lost, Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.03,0:06:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and once lost, once surrendered, Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.68,0:06:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can prove very, very hard to reclaim. Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.10,0:06:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And its first line of defense Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.93,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has to be our own standards, Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not those enforced on us by a censor or legislation, Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.01,0:06:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our own standards and our own integrity. Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.68,0:06:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our integrity as we deal with those Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.74,0:06:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with whom we work Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.05,0:06:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our own standards as we operate within society. Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.71,0:06:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these standards of ours Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.29,0:06:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to be all of a piece with\Na sustainable social agenda. Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.73,0:06:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're part of a collective responsibility, Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.42,0:06:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the responsibility of the artist or the journalist Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.22,0:06:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deal with the world as it really is, Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.13,0:06:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this, in turn, must go hand in hand Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.21,0:07:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the responsibility of those governing society Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.02,0:07:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to also face up to that world, Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.21,0:07:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not to be tempted to misappropriate Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.25,0:07:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the causes of its ills. Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.81,0:07:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, as has become strikingly clear Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.56,0:07:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the last couple of years, Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.58,0:07:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such responsibility has to a very great extent Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.66,0:07:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been abrogated by large sections of the media, Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.77,0:07:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a consequence, across the Western world, Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.62,0:07:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the over-simplistic policies of the parties of protests Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.01,0:07:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their appeal to a largely disillusioned, Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.21,0:07:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,older demographic, Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.90,0:07:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with the apathy and obsession with the trivial Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.04,0:07:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that typifies at least some of the young, Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.89,0:07:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken together, these and other similarly Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.05,0:07:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contemporary aberrations Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.87,0:07:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are threatening to squeeze the life Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.90,0:07:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of active, informed debate and engagement, Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.65,0:07:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I stress active. Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.10,0:07:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most ardent of libertarians might argue Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.51,0:07:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Donoghue v. Stevenson should\Nhave been thrown out of court Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.58,0:07:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that Stevenson would eventually\Nhave gone out of business Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.44,0:07:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if he'd continued to sell ginger beer with snails in it. Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.90,0:07:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most of us, I think, accept some small role Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.26,0:08:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the state to enforce a duty of care, Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.58,0:08:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the key word here is reasonable. Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.04,0:08:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judges must ask, did they take reasonable care Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.08,0:08:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could they have reasonably foreseen Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.20,0:08:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the consequences of their actions? Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.40,0:08:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Far from signifying overbearing state power, Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.12,0:08:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that small common sense test of reasonableness Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.100,0:08:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'd like us to apply to those in the media Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.38,0:08:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, after all, set the tone and the content Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.76,0:08:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for much of our democratic discourse. Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.05,0:08:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Democracy, in order to work, requires that Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.33,0:08:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reasonable men and women take\Nthe time to understand and debate Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.80,0:08:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,difficult, sometimes complex issues, Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.15,0:08:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they do so in an atmosphere which strives Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.03,0:08:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the type of understanding that leads to, Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.75,0:08:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not agreement, then at least a productive Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.86,0:08:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and workable compromise. Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.23,0:08:44.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Politics is about choices, Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.45,0:08:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and within those choices, politics is about priorities. Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.44,0:08:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about reconciling conflicting preferences Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.98,0:08:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wherever and whenever possibly based on fact. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.40,0:08:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if the facts themselves are distorted, Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.53,0:09:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the resolutions are likely only\Nto create further conflict, Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.31,0:09:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the stresses and strains on society Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.48,0:09:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that inevitably follow. Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.82,0:09:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The media have to decide: Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.59,0:09:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do they see their role as being to inflame Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.61,0:09:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to inform? Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.13,0:09:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in the end, it comes down to a combination Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.79,0:09:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of trust and leadership. Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.88,0:09:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifty years ago this week,\NPresident John F. Kennedy Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.05,0:09:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made two epoch-making speeches, Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.66,0:09:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first on disarmament\Nand the second on civil rights. Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.22,0:09:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first led almost immediately Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.92,0:09:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.83,0:09:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the second led to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.86,0:09:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both of which represented giant leaps forward. Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.54,0:09:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Democracy, well-led and well-informed, Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.88,0:09:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can achieve very great things, Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.42,0:09:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a precondition. Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.20,0:09:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to trust that those making those decisions Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.19,0:09:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are acting in the best interest not of themselves Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.78,0:09:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but of the whole of the people. Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.62,0:09:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need factually-based options, Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.64,0:09:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clearly laid out, Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.08,0:09:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not those of a few powerful Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.32,0:09:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and potentially manipulative corporations Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.31,0:10:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pursuing their own frequently narrow agendas, Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.77,0:10:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but accurate, unprejudiced information Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.12,0:10:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with which to make our own judgments. Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.70,0:10:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we want to provide decent, fulfilling lives Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.49,0:10:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our children and our children's children, Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.61,0:10:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to exercise to the\Nvery greatest degree possible Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.70,0:10:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that duty of care for a vibrant Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.72,0:10:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hopefully a lasting democracy. Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.45,0:10:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much for listening to me. Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.42,0:10:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)