[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.36,0:00:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Dr. Drennan] "Wow...you must be smart!"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.52,0:00:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what people say to me when the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.36,0:00:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conversation comes around, and they
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.31,0:00:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find out what I do for a living. So, I am
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.87,0:00:21.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a professor of Chemistry and Biology in
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.63,0:00:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.02,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as M.I.T. They say, "Wow...M.I.T.,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.96,0:00:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wow...professor...You must be smart!"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.97,0:00:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes they say that and they walk
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.71,0:00:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,away. Other times they say that looking
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.07,0:00:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at me, waiting for me to respond, either
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.46,0:00:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the affirmative, or deny the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.56,0:00:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe I am smart. But what they don't
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.07,0:00:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,realize is that, asking me if I am smart,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.91,0:00:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a really complicated question for me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.99,0:00:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.94,0:00:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, think about what it is to be smart.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.71,0:00:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's....usually when you ask someone,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.91,0:00:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll come up with characteristics of a
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.48,0:01:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smart person. They'll say, "Hmm...good
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.79,0:01:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems solver." or "A lot of knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.19,0:01:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a particular topic." , "Able to take
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.10,0:01:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information and see things in that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.77,0:01:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information that other people might
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.41,0:01:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,miss. " "Success in a field." All of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.16,0:01:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are characteristics of a smart
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.87,0:01:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person. All of those are characteristics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.53,0:01:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of me. But there are also other
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.49,0:01:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,characteristics not really normally
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.22,0:01:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,associated with a smart person, such as,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.46,0:01:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Having been in a remedial class in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.84,0:01:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school."--Having had to repeat a grade.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.65,0:01:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are things that are also true about
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.41,0:01:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me. So smart, but learning disabled. That
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.70,0:01:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a term that my elementary school
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.37,0:01:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teachers used for me. So what is Learning
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.98,0:01:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disability? What is being Learning Disabled?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.31,0:01:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you think about that, you learn
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.42,0:01:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,differently. If there is a bunch of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.32,0:01:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information, you may see it in a different
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.38,0:02:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way. You may make connections between
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.29,0:02:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that information that other people miss.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.58,0:02:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's definitely parallels...I just
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.18,0:02:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,described two things: one for smart and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.94,0:02:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one for Learning Disabled, that were the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.58,0:02:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.25,0:02:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So...I was a pretty odd kid, I have to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.42,0:02:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My parents were older when I was born, and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.14,0:02:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was an only child, and my parents really
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.36,0:02:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't know all that much about raising
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.51,0:02:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children, to be honest with you. We would
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.83,0:02:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk about politics at the dinner table
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.63,0:02:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was 5 years old. I worked on my
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.34,0:02:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first political campaign when I was 6.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.07,0:02:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I started first grade, I was
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.72,0:02:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discussing with my first grade teacher
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.71,0:02:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I thought about International Trade
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.55,0:02:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Agreements, and they decided that, "Wow...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.64,0:02:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she must be a smart kid!"- so they put me
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.81,0:02:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the top reading group. Then I went
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.95,0:02:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down, maybe I'd be more comfortable in
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.96,0:02:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the second from top, and then when I hit
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.83,0:02:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rock bottom, and still was below what the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.87,0:02:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other kids in this bottom reading group
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.89,0:03:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were able to do, it was time to talk to my
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.26,0:03:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parents and say, "She seems smart, but,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.80,0:03:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she can't learn to read." So somewhere
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.70,0:03:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between first and second grade, I was
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.37,0:03:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diagnosed as being Dyslexic. And my
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.10,0:03:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parents were pulled aside, and said, "You
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.57,0:03:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know, you should prepare yourself. Her
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.98,0:03:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dyslexia is so severe, that she is probably
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.16,0:03:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not going to be able to graduate from high
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.71,0:03:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school. But--my parents got me extra
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.79,0:03:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tutoring, and the second time through
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.03,0:03:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sixth grade, I learned to read. So the way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.09,0:03:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I read--I don't know how normal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.81,0:03:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people read, but I don't think I read like
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.87,0:03:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that. So what I did the second time through
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.94,0:03:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sixth grade is, I memorized the shapes of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.98,0:03:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,words, and I memorized what words looked
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.41,0:03:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like that shape, and then what that word
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.84,0:03:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sounds like, and what that word means. It
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.40,0:03:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took a ~lot~ of time to memorize the shapes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.63,0:03:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all of the words that you might encounter
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.60,0:03:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a book. But once I had done that,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.62,0:04:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could read. So, after I finished sixth
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.15,0:04:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grade the second time, my father retired,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.93,0:04:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was older, and we moved to a
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.63,0:04:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different state, and I started in another
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.88,0:04:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school. I had been in the remedial class
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.40,0:04:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in sixth grade, and then I was mainstreamed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.84,0:04:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in seventh grade. All of a sudden, I
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.28,0:04:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started doing really well, and I went to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.49,0:04:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the top of the class. I had an English
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.03,0:04:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teacher that said I was one of her best
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.32,0:04:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students ever. English...me! Best students.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.62,0:04:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so then the kids started teasing me
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.36,0:04:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about being smart. From the bottom to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.85,0:04:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very top, teased on one end, teased on
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.98,0:04:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other end. I feel like that's what
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.36,0:04:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dyslexia is all about. Whatever you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.15,0:04:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're just going to be teased.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.73,0:04:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't supposed to graduate from high
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.40,0:04:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school, but I did. I did it in three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.61,0:04:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I got back on track and I went to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.36,0:04:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,college. I didn't want anyone to know
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.66,0:04:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about my Dyslexia in college. I didn't
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.33,0:04:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want the professors to know, I was
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.92,0:05:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embarrassed. I didn't want that letter of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.26,0:05:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recommendation that said, "Oh, she's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.96,0:05:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really good, for a Dyslexic person. "
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.21,0:05:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted the letter that said, "She's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.80,0:05:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really good." I thought, okay...I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.99,0:05:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to make mistakes on the test, I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.38,0:05:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not going to get extra time, I won't have
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.23,0:05:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time to correct my mistakes, sometimes I
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.05,0:05:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won't have time to finish the test, but I
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.98,0:05:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,am going to learn the material that much
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.22,0:05:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better than everyone else. So, if my
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.29,0:05:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dyslexia costs me five points, I'll know
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.85,0:05:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,five points more worth of material than
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.40,0:05:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody else. I'll just be better at it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.74,0:05:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll know it better, and that will allow
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.52,0:05:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me to compensate. You know, that worked
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.75,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, quite well. I went to Vassar
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.00,0:05:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,College, it's a small school. The faculty
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.96,0:05:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get to know the students, they knew who
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.14,0:05:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knew the material. They knew who were
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.19,0:05:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cramming for the test and just trying to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.08,0:05:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get a good grade, and they knew who was
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.79,0:05:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really interested in learning. This worked
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.98,0:05:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very well. I discovered that I loved
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.52,0:05:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,science, I loved chemistry, I loved
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.43,0:06:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biology, and I want to be a teacher and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.70,0:06:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,professor. So...I want to go to grad
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.60,0:06:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school. But there is a problem going to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.96,0:06:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grad school, and that is that there is a
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.44,0:06:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standardized test that was between me and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.86,0:06:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my dreams. No matter how much better I
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.28,0:06:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,felt like I'd learned those vocabulary
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.28,0:06:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,words that no one will ever use...ever...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.55,0:06:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew that I couldn't do as well. I needed
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.96,0:06:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more time, I couldn't compete on a
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.47,0:06:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standardized timed test like that. So I
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.17,0:06:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said, okay, I'm going to let people know
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.24,0:06:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Dyslexic, and take the extra time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.45,0:06:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll never forget that day. I was in
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.11,0:06:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,college, I had been working at a summer
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.55,0:06:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,camp in the summers in the Pocono
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.99,0:06:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mountains. I had found a local college
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.10,0:06:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was offering these G.R.E. exams,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.61,0:06:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there was a professor paid extra
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.67,0:06:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,money to proctor me. I was the only one
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.32,0:06:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a disability, I was the only one in
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.88,0:07:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the room. I had the extra time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.65,0:07:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember he came in, and he was trying
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.28,0:07:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be so nice to me. He said, "Cheer up.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.43,0:07:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some university that might take
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.29,0:07:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you. You never know! It's possible." He's
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.83,0:07:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, "You know, there are no statistics
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.29,0:07:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people like you." And you know, I had
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.66,0:07:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been embarrassed by my Dyslexia, but I
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.68,0:07:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had never had really thought that it was
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.14,0:07:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, people like ~me~. Somehow, this one
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.97,0:07:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing about me just completely defined
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.86,0:07:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my entire existence, that I was Dyslexic,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.30,0:07:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's all I was. I think...I don't
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.92,0:07:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know if I said anything to him...I'm sure
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.16,0:07:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was polite, I'm always very polite. But
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.54,0:07:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember thinking at the time, someone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.09,0:07:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will accept me, and it's going to be a
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.53,0:07:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really good school, and I'll show you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.02,0:07:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I did get into a good school. I went
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.65,0:07:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the University of Michigan, and I had a
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.62,0:07:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wonderful adviser there, the late Martha
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.56,0:08:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ludwig. She really took me under her wing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.07,0:08:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mentored me, and helped me reach my
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.92,0:08:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,full ability. I was pushing...I was like,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.16,0:08:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to do this, I don't want Dyslexia
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.92,0:08:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to define me. I want to keep going, not
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.30,0:08:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supposed to graduate from high school...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.94,0:08:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA, I'll go to college! HA, I'll go to grad
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.67,0:08:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school. I'm just going to keep going. But
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.64,0:08:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, I always felt like there was
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.02,0:08:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be this kind of "Dyslexia ceiling".
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.76,0:08:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like, okay...you got that far. You got
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.22,0:08:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Grad school, but, eh...now you are
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.28,0:08:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done. I didn't have a lot of confidence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.74,0:08:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had a really huge imposter syndrome
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.45,0:08:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going on, waiting for everyone to figure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.83,0:08:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out I really didn't belong there. Somehow,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.72,0:08:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really shouldn't have even graduated from
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.52,0:08:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high school. But Martha saw in me
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.20,0:08:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tremendous potential. She mentored me,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.97,0:08:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with a collaborator, Rowena Matthews,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.16,0:08:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had these two female professors who
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.72,0:08:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really helped work with me, and gave me
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.96,0:08:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tremendous opportunities. Like the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.95,0:08:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunity to talk about my research in
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.87,0:08:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an international meeting. At that meeting,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.46,0:08:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was another female professor in the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.35,0:09:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,audience, JoAnn Stubbe. And she saw me
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.24,0:09:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said, "That's somebody we'd like to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.74,0:09:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hire on the faculty at M.I.T." So, I didn't
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.40,0:09:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apply, because, what am I? Crazy?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.10,0:09:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professor at M.I.T.? No...that would not
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.36,0:09:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work out. I didn't apply, but I was
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.09,0:09:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recruited, invited to come and give a
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.52,0:09:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk. Okay, I said, how fun is this? I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.66,0:09:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking at M.I.T.! And then they offered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.93,0:09:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me a job, and my jaw hit the bottom.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.01,0:09:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was like, "What do you mean?" and they
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.42,0:09:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were like, you know, "We are offering
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.95,0:09:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you a position at M.I.T." So I took it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.38,0:09:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I thought, "Okay, this is going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.44,0:09:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really fun for a few years. I'm going to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.89,0:09:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the time of my life doing research,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.11,0:09:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until they figure out what a crazy mistake
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.39,0:09:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they made and kick me out." But, somehow,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.62,0:09:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was able to fool them for a long enough
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.13,0:09:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get tenure and then be promoted to a
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.10,0:09:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,full professor, so they can't fire me now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.50,0:09:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can figure it out...too late... tenure.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.62,0:09:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Awesome thing! Really awesome.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.19,0:09:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I was at M.I.T. with these really
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.68,0:10:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smart people. My research: I really think
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.62,0:10:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was an advantage to be Dyslexic in some
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.41,0:10:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the research I'm doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.100,0:10:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just going to tell you briefly about
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.48,0:10:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my research to see how Dyslexia, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.59,0:10:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an advantage for me to be able to do
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.00,0:10:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well in this area.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.60,0:10:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My research is about visualizing tiny
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.50,0:10:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,molecules, like protein molecules. If you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.55,0:10:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about visualizing things--this is my
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.77,0:10:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,daughter, Samantha. And if I want to
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.58,0:10:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visualize her moving around and doing a
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.38,0:10:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dance, I can take out my cell phone and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.69,0:10:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take a picture of her. That's pretty easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.93,0:10:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But inside my daughter, and inside all
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.85,0:10:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living creatures there are cells, and those
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.45,0:10:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cells are much smaller, but still, you can
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.22,0:10:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get a microscope. If you get a good
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.64,0:10:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quality microscope, you can visualize
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.91,0:10:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those cells moving around. But inside
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.17,0:10:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cells, there are proteins, or enzymes, that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.38,0:10:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are carrying out the life functions of the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.93,0:11:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cell. If you want to see those proteins,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.26,0:11:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving around, that's a lot harder. There
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.26,0:11:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't such a thing--like a microscope, and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.88,0:11:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to use biophysical methods, one of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.100,0:11:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is X-ray crystallography, what I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.28,0:11:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to get these images of these
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.31,0:11:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protein molecules moving by taking
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.70,0:11:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snapshots using this biophysical method.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.39,0:11:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the research my lab does. We want
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.78,0:11:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to watch protein molecules shake, rattle,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.45,0:11:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and roll and carry out their function.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.79,0:11:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me just tell you a little bit about the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.21,0:11:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technique of crystallography. Jenny
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.76,0:11:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Glusker compared crystallography to a
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.09,0:11:40.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,light microscope. In a light microscope,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.100,0:11:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have visible light shining through your
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.31,0:11:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amoeba, planararian, whatever you are
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.62,0:11:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at. The light is diffracted, and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.96,0:11:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a lens which can combine the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.61,0:11:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diffracted light waves, and give you an
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.50,0:11:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enlarged image. If you want to look at
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.14,0:11:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something small like a protein molecule,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.60,0:12:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't use visible light, you have to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.30,0:12:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use x-rays. You can't just have one copy
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.91,0:12:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of your molecule, you need to have
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.59,0:12:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of copies of your molecule
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.53,0:12:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lined up in a regularly repeating pattern
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.15,0:12:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a crystal. So you shine x-rays through
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.69,0:12:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your crystal, the x-rays are diffracted,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.75,0:12:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now there is no such thing as a lens
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.74,0:12:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can combine diffracted x-rays.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.91,0:12:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The crystallographer and her computer need
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.19,0:12:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do that. We collect data that tells us
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.53,0:12:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a piece of film or a detector, tells us
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.24,0:12:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about those x-rays. You get a spot on the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.83,0:12:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,piece of film when the x-ray hits. Then,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.15,0:12:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to mathematically combine the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.72,0:12:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information about the waves, and you get
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.11,0:12:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is known as an electron density map.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.19,0:12:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a map in three dimensions that say
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.65,0:12:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electrons are here, which means your atoms
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.66,0:12:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are here. Into that, you have to put atoms
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.32,0:12:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build the structure of your molecule.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.57,0:12:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Proteins are made up of twenty different
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.86,0:13:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amino acids, and those are shown here.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.65,0:13:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know your protein has those amino
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.60,0:13:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acids, and you know the order of the amino
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.48,0:13:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acids in your protein, and then you get
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.66,0:13:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electron density that looks like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.94,0:13:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one slice of electron density.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.89,0:13:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to figure out which side chain
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.76,0:13:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goes in which piece of electron density.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.58,0:13:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just the perfect technique for me
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.42,0:13:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the way I learned how to read.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.17,0:13:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was the shape of a word, and I
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.29,0:13:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figured what word went into that shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.30,0:13:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the same thing, but it's infinitely
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.28,0:13:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easier, there's a lot of different words!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.12,0:13:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are only 20 amino-acids. This is not
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.74,0:13:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bad at all. There was a shape, and I just
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.17,0:13:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to figure out what amino acid went
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.37,0:13:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into that shape, and build protein
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.58,0:13:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,molecules. So here is a piece of electron
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.64,0:13:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,density, here is the amino acid that fits
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.99,0:13:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in. Here is another piece of electron
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.73,0:14:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,density, here is the maino acid that fits
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.10,0:14:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into that piece. There is only 20
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.56,0:14:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibilities. This is not so bad. Now...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.16,0:14:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these maps, you might say...that
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.74,0:14:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks pretty straightforward, every one
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.36,0:14:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could probably do that. But this is really
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.32,0:14:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good quality data, and a lot of times what
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.61,0:14:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get is not very good, and the maps
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.30,0:14:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't look that good. But I am very good at
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.06,0:14:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognizing patterns that other people
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.94,0:14:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't see, and seeing things in that
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.53,0:14:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,density that other people miss. Sometimes
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.43,0:14:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my students will be working on this part
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.22,0:14:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the structure, and they are trying to
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.69,0:14:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build it ~this~ way, and build it ~that~
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.50,0:14:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way, and they can't figure out what is
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.81,0:14:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going on and I walk by and go, "Oh, like
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.37,0:14:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that..." They try it and they look at me,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.77,0:14:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are like, "How on earth did you
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.77,0:14:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see that?" It's because I have these years
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.68,0:14:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of experience looking at patterns. It's the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.49,0:14:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way that I read, it's what I do. So I am
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.38,0:14:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to see those shapes. Sometimes...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.36,0:14:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had a discovery early on that got me
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.22,0:14:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tenured at M.I.T., and I found out later
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.45,0:14:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that other people had been stuck. There
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.73,0:14:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was this one part of the protein, one
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.78,0:14:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of the map, it was a very flexible
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.30,0:15:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,region. The electron density was terrible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.84,0:15:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one else could trace it. They couldn't
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.66,0:15:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finish solving the structure, they couldn't
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.44,0:15:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figure out what was going on. But I was
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.69,0:15:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to do it. I did it myself early on in
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.05,0:15:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lab, and I built it and it was right.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.58,0:15:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got the first structure, and we got the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.42,0:15:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,credit. I really do believe there are
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.95,0:15:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that you see differently when you
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.26,0:15:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are Dyslexic that can be a huge advantage
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.66,0:15:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in certain areas. This "visualizing", this
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.99,0:15:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ability to see shapes and patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.86,0:15:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,definitely is true for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.58,0:15:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What kind of advice can I give going out?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.54,0:15:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I feel like one thing, "Don't listen to
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.27,0:15:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what anyone tells you , you can or can
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.30,0:15:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not do." --Not graduate from high school...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.64,0:15:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's maybe why I am a professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.82,0:15:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm like..."I'm going to stay in school...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.69,0:15:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FOREVER!" No one really knows what
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.70,0:16:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone is capable of. Even that person
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.80,0:16:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't know what they are capable of.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.03,0:16:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only way you figure out what you are
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.89,0:16:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capable of is to try it! You can't be
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.46,0:16:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afraid to fall on your face and fail. If
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.13,0:16:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are doing anything that's important
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.66,0:16:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or significant, it's going to be hard!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.32,0:16:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is going to be failure. The key to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.32,0:16:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,success is just going, "Well, that didn't
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.06,0:16:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go well...Let's try that again!" You pick
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.79,0:16:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yourself up and you go right back at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.58,0:16:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you do that, and you just do what you
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.34,0:16:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,love to do, and find things that are cool
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.35,0:16:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interesting and fun. And only work
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.31,0:16:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for nice people. Life is hard enough. You
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.98,0:16:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really don't want to work for people who
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.02,0:16:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not nice. Get yourself a group of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.25,0:16:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people that you really like that you can
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.42,0:16:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,support each other...People who will have
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.39,0:16:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your back. If you don't have that support
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.08,0:16:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,group, look for it. You know, I could work
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.14,0:16:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a lot of different people, but I
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.70,0:16:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,picked someone that I knew would be a good
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.36,0:16:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mentor toward me. That was really key. If
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.49,0:16:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have nice people surrounding, and you
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.12,0:17:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just go for it...it's amazing. There is no
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.34,0:17:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dyslexia ceiling, it doesn't exist unless
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.95,0:17:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you create it in your own mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.08,0:17:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.