[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.63,0:00:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is awoken.]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.33,0:00:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.32,0:01:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.06,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dear Sangha, this autumn the topic that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.96,0:01:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be looking into is the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.56,0:01:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings \Nof the Order of Interbeing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.85,0:01:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And last week we heard a Dharma Talk\Nfrom Sister Doan Nghiem
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.06,0:02:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the origin of,... the founder of\Nthe school to which we belong in the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.92,0:02:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plum Village tradition, called the\NLieu Quan School.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.68,0:02:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so today, we will continue by looking
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.07,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at some of the foundations of ethics which
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lie at the basis of the \NFourteen Mindfulness Trainings,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.21,0:02:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Buddhism and in the Plum Village Tradition.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.68,0:02:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you were here last week, \Nyou can remember that Master Lieu Quan
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.89,0:02:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrote a poem, or a gatha, which was what
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.20,0:02:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we call a lineage poem, and each word of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.88,0:02:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that poem represents one generation of the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.59,0:02:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continuation of Master Lieu Quan,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.87,0:03:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his spiritual continuation in the Lieu Quan\NSchool, the Lieu Quan line.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.62,0:03:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first name is his own name,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.90,0:03:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the second word...\Nthe first word is his own name,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.74,0:03:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the second one is the name he gave \Nhis own disciples in his lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.33,0:03:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third word is the disciples of \Nhis disciples.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.18,0:03:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we belong to the ninth generation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.85,0:03:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we are, ...\Nwe have the name "tâm", meaning heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.81,0:03:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have received the Five Mindfulness\NTrainings,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.45,0:03:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll have the name "heart" in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.63,0:03:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is the ninth word of the poem.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.82,0:03:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now I would like to look at that line.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.45,0:03:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The poem has four words to a line.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.58,0:04:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we now look at that line of the poem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.54,0:04:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today I have an opportunity to\Npractice walking meditation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.12,0:06:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the source of mind penetrates everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.12,0:06:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the roots of virtue springs compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.74,0:06:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.76,0:07:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is Thầy's translation that you will \Nsee if you receive the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.88,0:07:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings\Nand you have the certificate,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.33,0:07:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think in English you will see \Nsomething like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.65,0:07:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's like you have a source of water
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.44,0:07:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the mountain, and the water goes\Neverywhere down the mountain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.61,0:07:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it penetrates into the earth,\Nin many, many places.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.90,0:07:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, here, it really says \N"the roots of virtue".
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.45,0:07:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this word here, "phong", this word\Nmeans something like...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.34,0:08:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have it in Vietamese or Chinese in\N"phong tục ?", "phong ?".
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.59,0:08:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it means something like a custom.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.52,0:08:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A custom, or a way, or a tradition.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.13,0:08:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this word here, "từ" is usually\Ntranslated as loving kindness,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.66,0:08:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Thầy translates as compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.58,0:08:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the word stands for "từ bi",
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.70,0:08:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means loving kindness and compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.86,0:08:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, from the roots of virtue, we have
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.36,0:08:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the custom of compassion, \Nof loving kindness,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.68,0:08:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tradition of compassion or \Nloving kindness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.45,0:08:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes we have a movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.38,0:08:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the movement, the Wake-up movement
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.91,0:09:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is called the young Buddhists and \Nnon-Buddhists for a compassionate society.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.58,0:09:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here the idea is compassion of a whole \Nsociety, compassion of a tradition,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.77,0:09:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a custom of compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.56,0:09:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nowadays, people use the word compassion
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.96,0:09:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite a lot. And neuroscientists are very
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.60,0:09:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interested in compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.25,0:09:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those neuroscientists who are familiar\Nwith Tibetan Buddhism and have
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.17,0:09:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talked to the Dalai Lama,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.60,0:10:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also are very interested in where you\Ncan find compassion in your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.85,0:10:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereabouts compassion comes from,\Nin your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.49,0:10:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the human brain has compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.44,0:10:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does it mean that animal brain also has\Ncompassion?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.46,0:10:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because people used to say that human beings
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.83,0:10:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are capable of ethical behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.77,0:10:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human beings are capable of compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.42,0:10:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is where they differ from animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.99,0:10:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we see that the human is really \Njust another animal.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.58,0:10:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the human brain is a continuation\Nof the animal brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.78,0:10:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not very different from the\Nanimal brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.18,0:11:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is another thing that we need to \Nlook into.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.24,0:11:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We usually think that as human beings,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.73,0:11:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're something quite exclusive.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.46,0:11:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, is that better?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.90,0:11:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're quite exclusive, and we have \Nsomething special
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.54,0:11:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the animals don't have.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.79,0:11:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I remember once, some neuroscientists\Nwere doing an experiment to prove that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.83,0:11:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rats had compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.00,0:11:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they taught the rat how to open the cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.26,0:11:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had one rat that's free, \Nnot in a cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.42,0:11:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And another rat is in the cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.60,0:11:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they saw that the rat who was free,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.10,0:11:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he knew how to open the cage,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.79,0:11:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he let the rat out, the other rat out.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.04,0:11:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was free.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.58,0:12:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the scientist was happy, and he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.73,0:12:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, now we know that the animals, they \Nalso have compassion for each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.19,0:12:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rat didn't want the other rat to \Nsuffer in the cage, so he let him out."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.98,0:12:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then another scientist came along and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.48,0:12:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said, "How do you know?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.80,0:12:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Maybe he just wanted a friend to play with,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.60,0:12:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he was letting it out for his own \Nselfish motivation."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.18,0:12:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we always can find a way to prove that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.59,0:12:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human beings are a little bit special.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.94,0:12:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's very important, how, how can we,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.51,0:12:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how can we found, how can we establish,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.15,0:12:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how can we help establish a compassionate\Nsociety,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.90,0:12:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the custom, the culture, is a culture\Nof compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.31,0:13:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if compassion is something that is
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.56,0:13:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innate in our brain, then we just need to
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.03,0:13:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find ways in order to be able to help that,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.33,0:13:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seed as we call it in Buddhism,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.88,0:13:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to flourish, to grow into a plant in\Nhuman beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.20,0:13:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we come back again to neuroscience.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.64,0:14:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So scientists use the word empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.02,0:15:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to find out what that word is\Nin Vietnamese, and I haven't found it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.94,0:15:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All I found was "thấu cảm"(?).
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.33,0:15:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,,But I think it doesn't mean empathy, \Nso I won't write it down.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.19,0:15:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But empathy is something that animals have\Nin their ...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.10,0:15:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've found the place in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.08,0:15:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where empathy comes from.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.11,0:15:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And empathy means that you can feel the\Nsuffering of another person.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.96,0:15:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can know that another person \Nis suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.79,0:15:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it has an effect on you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.45,0:15:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you see another person suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.28,0:15:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you also feel uncomfortable.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.75,0:15:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't feel happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.92,0:15:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is what is called empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.76,0:15:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see another person happy,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.44,0:16:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can also feel happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.18,0:16:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if we have empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.23,0:16:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the possibility also to have\Ncompassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.26,0:16:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But empathy itself is not compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.59,0:16:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So empathy belongs to some region of\Nthe brain, and then it's linked up with
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.41,0:16:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compassion, which lights up another region\Nof the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.70,0:16:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So scientists say that empathy can result
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.03,0:16:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in two different things.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.24,0:16:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one is compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.07,0:17:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other they call \Nempathetic distress.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.26,0:17:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you have compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.25,0:17:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then your feeling is directed to \Nthe other person.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.59,0:18:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this case, this is called\Nself-directed.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.69,0:18:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, your emotion here,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.22,0:18:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there is compassion, the emotion is\None of loving kindness or happiness
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.06,0:18:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or both.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.17,0:19:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in this case, the emotion is \None of stress.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.55,0:19:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.02,0:19:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these things lead to health.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.05,0:19:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these things lead to ill-health.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.74,0:20:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think this is what we've heard Thầy \Nsay for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.90,0:20:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That when we have a thought of compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.72,0:20:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it immediately brings us health,\Nand it brings more health to the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.08,0:20:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And without compassion, we cannot have\Nreal happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.79,0:20:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compassion brings us a lot of happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.93,0:20:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you feel compassion for \Nanother person,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.36,0:20:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first one who benefits from that feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.56,0:20:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of compassion is the person who feels it,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.27,0:20:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even before they have done something
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.57,0:20:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help the other person,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.10,0:20:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they already feel better, because of
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.58,0:20:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the compassion in their heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.71,0:21:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, another thing they say here is\N"approach"
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.51,0:21:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here is "withdrawal".
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.04,0:21:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that it is easy for us when
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.87,0:21:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are in touch with another person who\Nis suffering, or an animal who is suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.16,0:21:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or any kind of suffering in society,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.20,0:21:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to tell,\Nwhat is arising in us?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.07,0:22:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is compassion arising? Or is what is \Ncalled empathetic distress arising in us?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.54,0:22:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is, we want to withdraw.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.46,0:22:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's too much for us:\Nthe suffering is too much for us,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.22,0:22:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the other person.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.53,0:22:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is kind of when we have burn-out.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.23,0:22:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who are working in the \Nenvironmental movement, or
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.62,0:22:35.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some other movement to help the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.16,0:22:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they feel that they're not making any
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.25,0:22:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progress, then rather than feel compassion
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.84,0:22:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when looking at the suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.44,0:22:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they feel distress.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.100,0:22:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And frustration.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.93,0:23:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, many psychotherapists will teach
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.56,0:23:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their patients to practise loving kindness
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.90,0:23:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meditation, compassion meditation.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.06,0:23:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they see that happiness is possible\Nwhen we can feel compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.45,0:23:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have done, neuroscientists have\Ndone research,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.16,0:23:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even people who only practise \Nloving kindness meditation for 7 days,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.82,0:23:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they already see a change in their \Nneuro-pathways.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.68,0:23:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just like mindfulness has become\Nsomething very widespread
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.03,0:23:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in society now, without being called a\NBuddhist practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.25,0:24:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a practice that anyone can do whether\Nthey have religion or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.44,0:24:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loving kindness meditation is also\Nbecoming like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.20,0:24:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't have to be a Buddhist to do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.93,0:24:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it began in Buddhism.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.79,0:24:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you know that when you do \Nloving kindness meditation,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.48,0:24:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first object of your meditation is\Nyourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.11,0:24:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May I be peaceful, happy and light\Nin body and spirit."
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.61,0:24:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to really feel that for yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.91,0:24:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is something you really want.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.85,0:24:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you can have it, you can have\Na lot of happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.26,0:24:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you don't feel it for yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.86,0:24:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it's not easy to feel it for another person.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.78,0:25:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the next part of the \Nloving kindness meditation is
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.83,0:25:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May I be safe and free from accident."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.12,0:25:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is something we all want.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.04,0:25:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all want to be able to feel absolutely\Nsafe, where nothing can harm us.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.84,0:25:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether we can find a place like that\Nor not is another matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.90,0:25:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have a deep desire to safe and free\Nfrom accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.78,0:25:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to recognize that desire.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.07,0:25:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we recognize that everyone else\Nalso has that desire.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.44,0:25:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so then we go on to someone who is \Na friend of ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.39,0:25:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May he, or may she, be happy, peaceful and\Nlight in body and in spirit."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.42,0:26:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May he or she be safe and free from\Naccident."
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.74,0:26:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is also quite easy for us to do \Nfor a friend of ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.57,0:26:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we take as the object someone\Nwho is neutral to us --
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.65,0:26:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody who you don't particularly like
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.18,0:26:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or somebody you don't have any \Nbad feeling about.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.64,0:26:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But somebody you meet from time to time.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.57,0:26:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you wish it for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.85,0:26:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the interesting thing is that is when
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.54,0:26:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you wish for a person who is neutral to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.47,0:26:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May he or she be happy, peaceful and \Nlight in body and spirit"
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.97,0:26:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly that person is no longer neutral.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.79,0:26:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That person becomes, through your \Nmeditation,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.84,0:26:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody you have friendly feelings to.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.62,0:27:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we should take, we should take
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.55,0:27:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone who causes us difficulties.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:05.66,0:27:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while we meditate,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.26,0:27:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May he or she be happy, peaceful and \Nlight"
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.86,0:27:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we come into contact with the body and\Nthe feelings of that person
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.60,0:27:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are meditating on, and we begin
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.18,0:27:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand them better.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.00,0:27:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We understand that just as we have a
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.13,0:27:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deep need to be safe,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.91,0:27:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that person who causes us to suffer, \Nhas a deep need to be safe also.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.36,0:27:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we will be able through that kind
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.10,0:27:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of meditation to change our way of thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.42,0:27:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the person who makes us suffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.100,0:27:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this change, it actually can be noticed
Dialogue: 0,0:27:51.64,0:27:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by neuroscientists who do FMRI on the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.07,0:28:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brain of the practionner.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:02.67,0:28:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a way of developing happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.75,0:28:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a way of developing health.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.76,0:28:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I first came to Buddhism,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.38,0:28:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought that everything we did,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.07,0:28:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every practice we did,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.00,0:28:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to be able to help other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.17,0:28:36.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So metta meditation is not for my benefit,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.100,0:28:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for the benefit of other beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:41.60,0:28:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.40,0:28:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you realize that it is also \Nbenefitting yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.34,0:28:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, when metta meditation is becoming
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.91,0:29:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something widespread, it's really done
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.94,0:29:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the idea that it is to help yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.14,0:29:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is what comes first.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.41,0:29:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, it will help you, and then,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.28,0:29:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a kind of spinoff,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.05,0:29:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will help other people as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.28,0:29:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the motivation is a little bit different.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.96,0:29:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But however, once you begin to practise,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.26,0:29:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then your motivation also begins to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.22,0:29:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like once you begin to practise\Nmindfulness, at first you do it
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.88,0:29:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just for yourself. But then you see that
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.84,0:29:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practising mindfulness, you're helping \Nothers as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.58,0:29:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your motivation becomes one
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.53,0:29:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help others too --- it's what you \Nwant to do, is to help others.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.20,0:29:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the beginning, you just wanted to help yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.22,0:30:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I consider these things that are \Nhappening in our society,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.73,0:30:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though we may be doing it for\Nourself in the first place,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.28,0:30:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also consider that we are going in \Nthe right direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.22,0:30:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and form a compassionate society, \Na compassionate culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.92,0:30:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is awoken.]
Dialogue: 0,0:30:28.73,0:30:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.14,0:30:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people also talk about two kinds of \Ncompassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.46,0:30:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I don't know if it's quite correct \Nto do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:54.49,0:31:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the one hand, compassion that \Nis emotional and intuitive.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:06.64,0:31:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the other hand, compassion that \Nis more rational and more explicit.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.17,0:31:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is something that you can talk about\Nmore.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:22.68,0:31:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As human beings, we have both these sides\Nto us.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.94,0:31:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have both the rational side,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.86,0:31:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have the emotional side.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.99,0:31:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as far as I understand it, compassion
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.11,0:31:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should contain both of those elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.96,0:31:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We often have moral dilemmas.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.81,0:31:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't quite know what we should do
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.76,0:31:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a certain situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.14,0:32:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes we use our reasoning.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.31,0:32:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes we use our emotions more
Dialogue: 0,0:32:04.92,0:32:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we want to decide what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.83,0:32:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not long ago, on a retreat,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:20.32,0:32:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my younger sister asked me
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.32,0:32:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Should I go and help this layperson?"
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.07,0:32:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Should I go on my own and help this\Nlayperson?
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.100,0:32:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Or should I stay in the retreat and be \Npresent at the Dharma Sharing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.60,0:32:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when I was asked that question,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.54,0:32:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course my training immediately came up:
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.40,0:32:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you should stay in the Dharma Sharing,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.62,0:32:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in the Dharma Sharing you will\Nhelp many people.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.98,0:33:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you just go on your own and help\None layperson,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.04,0:33:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will only help one person.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.58,0:33:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with my rational mind, it was clear\Nwhat we should do.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.25,0:33:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as I followed my breathing,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.90,0:33:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I looked, just stopped all my thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:21.60,0:33:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then I suddenly felt there is something\Nnot right.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.52,0:33:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, eh, I didn't know why.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.61,0:33:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But intuitively and emotionally, I felt
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.38,0:33:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should let my sister go and help \Nthat layperson.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:41.84,0:33:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my sister said, \N" I don't mind either way."
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.10,0:33:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you tell me to stay, \NI'll be happy to stay."
Dialogue: 0,0:33:48.63,0:33:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you tell me to go,\NI'll be happy to go."
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.96,0:33:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, sometimes, we have a moral dilemma
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.93,0:34:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like that and we, we don't know whether
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.29,0:34:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use more of our rational side
Dialogue: 0,0:34:05.50,0:34:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or more of our emotional side.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.55,0:34:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I have a lot trust in the \NStore Consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.91,0:34:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the more unconscious side \Nof my mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.89,0:34:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, of course, from our \NStore Consciousness,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:29.31,0:34:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have an intuition which comes from
Dialogue: 0,0:34:33.30,0:34:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,habit energy in our Store Consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:38.03,0:34:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we've done it like that for so long,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.73,0:34:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we intuitively want to do that out of our \Nhabit energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:45.71,0:34:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if our mind is clear,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.40,0:34:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we follow our breathing
Dialogue: 0,0:34:51.02,0:34:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and empty our mind of all thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.87,0:35:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's an opportunity for an \Nintuitive insight to come up.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:01.79,0:35:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can sometimes use that \Nin making a moral decision.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.59,0:35:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to make sure that we\Nare very calm, and very clear
Dialogue: 0,0:35:15.19,0:35:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the insight comes up.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:18.44,0:35:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we feel, "yes, I've done my best.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.29,0:35:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've looked into the rational side.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:25.52,0:35:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've also allowed the emotional side.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:29.09,0:35:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, I've asked both sides to be quiet,\Nand allowed the intuition to come up.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:40.34,0:35:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is the wonderful thing about
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.51,0:35:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buddhist ethics is that every situation \Nis a little bit different.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:49.53,0:35:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot have a blueprint and say
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.71,0:35:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's always wrong to do this;
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.51,0:35:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's always right to do something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:58.02,0:36:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's also the difficulty about \NBuddhist ethics.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:02.72,0:36:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes if you have what is called
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.88,0:36:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a deontological ethic, which says
Dialogue: 0,0:36:07.76,0:36:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to do this or you can't do this
Dialogue: 0,0:36:11.45,0:36:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have to do that, it's easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:13.35,0:36:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just say, "Oh, I'll do that."
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.76,0:36:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then you feel it's not quite right.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:18.10,0:36:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in Buddhism, every situation
Dialogue: 0,0:36:20.36,0:36:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to use our compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:23.33,0:36:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our deep looking,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.47,0:36:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our mindfulness, concentration and insight
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.25,0:36:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to be able to make a decision.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.04,0:36:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, to make a decision on \Nyour own is not the best thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:38.99,0:36:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's far better to do it together,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.00,0:36:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a Sangha.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.76,0:36:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it's a difficult, moral dilemma,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:47.40,0:36:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one pair of eyes, one intuition from \None Store Consciousness,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.60,0:36:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not nearly as sure and as safe
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.89,0:37:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an intuition that comes from many,\Nmany people.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:02.98,0:37:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is awoken.]
Dialogue: 0,0:37:08.62,0:37:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.73,0:37:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I received the 14 Mindfulness \NTrainings in 1988,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:33.93,0:37:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were very different from how \Nthey are now.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:37.56,0:37:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The spirit was not different at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.20,0:37:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the wording was very different.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:43.05,0:37:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a training would start off with
Dialogue: 0,0:37:45.50,0:37:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"không thể", you cannot, you should not.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.73,0:37:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then more recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:57.76,0:38:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the trainings have been revised.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.20,0:38:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And each one begins with the word "aware".\N
Dialogue: 0,0:38:05.35,0:38:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very often it's "Aware of the suffering..."
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.24,0:38:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware of the suffering created by \Nfanaticism and intolerance,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:16.10,0:38:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am determined to...
Dialogue: 0,0:38:20.33,0:38:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know .. to let go of my...\NI can't remember, never mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.65,0:38:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the second one,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:27.06,0:38:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware of the suffering created by\Nattachment to views and wrong perceptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:36.30,0:38:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am determined to listen deeply to\Nother people."
Dialogue: 0,0:38:41.09,0:38:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third Mindfulness Training:
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.86,0:38:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware of the suffering created when I \Ncannot, no, by forcing others to accept
Dialogue: 0,0:38:54.69,0:38:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my viewpoint, something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:01.75,0:39:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware of the suffering created when we \Nimpose our views on others,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:08.20,0:39:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and aware that lack of communication \Nalways brings suffering...
Dialogue: 0,0:39:19.18,0:39:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Ninth Mindfulness Training:
Dialogue: 0,0:39:20.64,0:39:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware that words can create suffering\Nor happiness...
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.72,0:39:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Eleventh Mindfulness Training:
Dialogue: 0,0:39:30.26,0:39:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware that great violence and injustice have\Nbeen done to our environment and society...
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.36,0:39:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware that much suffering is created \Nby war and by conflict...
Dialogue: 0,0:39:48.73,0:39:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aware that sex motivated by craving\Nwill create more suffering...
Dialogue: 0,0:39:55.79,0:40:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, at the basis of ethics is the \Nawareness of suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:04.47,0:40:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first Noble Truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.49,0:40:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is something that we can
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.31,0:40:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practise rationally with our intellectual\Nmind
Dialogue: 0,0:40:14.70,0:40:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look deeply and see the suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:17.93,0:40:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to allow our emotional mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:21.21,0:40:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our emotional part, also to feel the\Nsuffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.64,0:40:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before we really can make the determination
Dialogue: 0,0:40:29.27,0:40:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do something in order to help
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.40,0:40:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alleviate the suffering that we have seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:39.39,0:40:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every two weeks, we read the \NMindfulness Trainings together,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:45.19,0:40:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we recite them or every month.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:48.47,0:40:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every time you can become more aware
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.55,0:40:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of suffering and you can become more
Dialogue: 0,0:40:55.36,0:40:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,determined to do something to help
Dialogue: 0,0:40:58.80,0:41:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alleviate the suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:09.16,0:41:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So compassion is an important part
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.37,0:41:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ethical behavior. And we can develop
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.84,0:41:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compassion by our way of thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:22.36,0:41:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our way of speaking, in our daily life.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:28.83,0:41:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should never say that person has no\Ncompassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:33.25,0:41:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should never say of ourself
Dialogue: 0,0:41:35.11,0:41:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I have no compassion."
Dialogue: 0,0:41:38.64,0:41:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Be sure you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.13,0:41:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compassion is a little bit linked to\Nthe maternal instinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:49.71,0:41:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the same kind of region of the brain:
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.25,0:41:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maternal love and compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.68,0:41:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you read the Discourse on Love,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.46,0:42:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see that the Buddha did not need
Dialogue: 0,0:42:00.37,0:42:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have MRI in order to be able to see that
Dialogue: 0,0:42:04.69,0:42:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as a mother loves and protects \Nher own child,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:09.57,0:42:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the risk of her own life, so we should
Dialogue: 0,0:42:13.04,0:42:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develop compassion for all living beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:24.33,0:42:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we all have compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.02,0:42:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we need to do is we need
Dialogue: 0,0:42:30.05,0:42:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find ways in order for the compassion
Dialogue: 0,0:42:33.24,0:42:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in us to be able to manifest.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.09,0:42:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we've given ourselves too many
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.72,0:42:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunities to be in touch with too much
Dialogue: 0,0:42:46.60,0:42:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffering, then we may have fallen into
Dialogue: 0,0:42:49.77,0:42:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we saw before is called \N"empathetic distress".
Dialogue: 0,0:42:57.79,0:43:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't matter if we've fallen
Dialogue: 0,0:43:00.24,0:43:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:02.30,0:43:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is very important that we are mindful,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:05.44,0:43:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we realize that has happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:09.03,0:43:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we do our best to take care of
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.39,0:43:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the happiness. And look on the other side.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:16.31,0:43:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at what is going right, rather than
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.31,0:43:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is going wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:22.32,0:43:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you are in a situation with another
Dialogue: 0,0:43:24.93,0:43:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person, and you feel that when you listen
Dialogue: 0,0:43:27.77,0:43:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their suffering that you want to withdraw,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:31.63,0:43:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you feel the stress in yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:34.73,0:43:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you have the right to withdraw.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:37.63,0:43:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you know that you cannot help that
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.04,0:43:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person. So you have to withdraw,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:42.64,0:43:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to take care of yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.44,0:43:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To feel compassion for yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.00,0:43:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if possible, to find someone else
Dialogue: 0,0:43:51.53,0:43:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can help the person who is suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:03.16,0:44:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes people look at babies, and they
Dialogue: 0,0:44:07.85,0:44:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see the baby is compassionate.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:11.21,0:44:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And another time, the people look and they
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.20,0:44:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see the baby is greedy and demanding.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:20.08,0:44:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it depends who is looking at the baby,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:21.98,0:44:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they see.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:25.90,0:44:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with two-year old children, they do an
Dialogue: 0,0:44:29.75,0:44:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experiment, and they give one child..
Dialogue: 0,0:44:33.70,0:44:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have a group of children, and they
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.89,0:44:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give one child something that the other
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.03,0:44:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children don't have, something that can
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.54,0:44:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be shared, and the child, the two-year old,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:45.10,0:44:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will naturally take it around
Dialogue: 0,0:44:47.12,0:44:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and share it with everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:49.20,0:44:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have your own grandchildren,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:51.18,0:44:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nieces in my case, your own children,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:54.65,0:44:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grandchildren, nieces and nephews,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:57.75,0:44:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see that happen very often.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:59.56,0:45:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You give one something, and they
Dialogue: 0,0:45:01.16,0:45:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go around and share it with others.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.60,0:45:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is the practice of loving kindness,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:07.10,0:45:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which seems to be there, already, in us.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:16.65,0:45:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1993, in Chicago, there was a \NWorld Parliament of Religions,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:28.47,0:45:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a conference.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.06,0:45:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our teacher, Thầy, was invited \Nto go there.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:38.62,0:45:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were 200 delegates, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:44.37,0:45:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they stayed in a very fancy hotel.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:50.23,0:45:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was the 100th anniversary of the
Dialogue: 0,0:45:55.58,0:45:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World Parliament of Religions.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:58.10,0:46:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1893, they had their first session,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:02.60,0:46:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have it every 3 or 2 years\Nor something.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:07.16,0:46:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 1893, those represented were
Dialogue: 0,0:46:11.14,0:46:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, different \NChristian schools including
Dialogue: 0,0:46:18.82,0:46:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Eastern and the Russian Orthodox.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:22.42,0:46:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was about... Judaism.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:25.45,0:46:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:28.41,0:46:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in 1993 they decided to ask for
Dialogue: 0,0:46:31.31,0:46:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,representatives of the Native American\Nspiritual paths and Shamanism.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:40.53,0:46:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some of the delegates were very upset.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:43.68,0:46:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said, these religions, they don't \Nhave any proper "ism",
Dialogue: 0,0:46:46.49,0:46:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't have any proper name.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:48.52,0:46:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they left. Yes, they left.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:53.96,0:46:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it wasn't an entirely harmonious thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:57.97,0:46:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thầy was there.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:00.83,0:47:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the person who kind of brought
Dialogue: 0,0:47:03.20,0:47:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it all together was a Swiss theologian
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.60,0:47:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Hans Küng...I think
Dialogue: 0,0:47:09.88,0:47:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kung, Kung, Kung?Kung?Kung?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:15.32,0:47:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not meaning to be disrespectful.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:18.47,0:47:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My German pronunciation is not very good.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:27.55,0:47:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Catholic theologian.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:32.91,0:47:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This year I think he is 90...
Dialogue: 0,0:47:36.40,0:47:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's about the same age as Thầy is.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:39.60,0:47:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90 something, 92 or something.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:44.91,0:47:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So really, he's dedicated his life to
Dialogue: 0,0:47:48.18,0:47:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reforming, trying to bring about reform \Nin the Catholic Church.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:52.39,0:47:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so's he's not...
Dialogue: 0,0:47:54.44,0:47:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also into developing a global ethic.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:02.43,0:48:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he has a lot of, a lot of deep\Nmotivation for a global ethic.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:11.94,0:48:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thầy also.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:14.50,0:48:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thầy once said in a Dharma Talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:17.20,0:48:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when practising sitting meditation \Nin the Upper Hamlet,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:22.26,0:48:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the end of the sitting meditation session,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.77,0:48:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody touches the Earth three times.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.18,0:48:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when Thầy touches the Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:31.66,0:48:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thầy makes the deep aspiration,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:33.87,0:48:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May Thầy and the Sangha be able to \Ncontribute to a global ethic
Dialogue: 0,0:48:40.27,0:48:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can relieve a great deal \Nof suffering in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:51.94,0:48:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as I said in 1993, there were present
Dialogue: 0,0:48:56.12,0:49:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Parliament of Religions, a number
Dialogue: 0,0:49:00.28,0:49:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of representatives of the American Indian.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:05.44,0:49:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they don't have something that is \Ncalled a religion as such,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.46,0:49:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they care very much about the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:14.25,0:49:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And have a lot of respect and care for\Nthe Earth, for Mother Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:25.61,0:49:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And recently in a book,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:28.21,0:49:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Love Letters to the Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:31.66,0:49:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the appendix to that book,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:34.84,0:49:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thầy says we need to find a global \Nspirituality.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:39.25,0:49:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And maybe that spirituality will be based
Dialogue: 0,0:49:42.86,0:49:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our reverence and our awe for \Nthe natural world, for Mother Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.10,0:49:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the galaxies, for the cosmos.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:52.87,0:49:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because all human beings feel a deep\Nkind of awe when they look at
Dialogue: 0,0:49:59.77,0:50:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cosmos, at the...
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.35,0:50:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in order to find something that we
Dialogue: 0,0:50:07.24,0:50:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all have in common,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.38,0:50:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to agree on how to word it,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:15.76,0:50:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:18.47,0:50:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think in that Parliament of Religions,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:20.72,0:50:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all agreed about what the suffering \Nis that we're facing.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:26.36,0:50:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they could not agree on how to word,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:32.70,0:50:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Five Mindfulness Trainings
Dialogue: 0,0:50:34.61,0:50:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or something like that,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:35.99,0:50:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help people relieve that suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:39.68,0:50:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is a work that we still have to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:44.77,0:50:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we want, we really want, \Nto continue Thầy,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:49.35,0:50:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continue this effort in
Dialogue: 0,0:50:53.79,0:50:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes letting go of what we hold to
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.02,0:51:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to be able to contribute to a \Nglobal ethic.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:04.42,0:51:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we contribute to a global ethic,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:07.47,0:51:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also need to look into other forms
Dialogue: 0,0:51:12.09,0:51:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ethics than Buddhist ethics, to try and
Dialogue: 0,0:51:15.97,0:51:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find out what is it that the human mind
Dialogue: 0,0:51:20.54,0:51:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can agree on, which all humans
Dialogue: 0,0:51:23.20,0:51:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can agree on.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.25,0:51:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there, in 1993, most people, nearly everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.93,0:51:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not everybody, they agreed on 4 points,\Nfour commitments that they wanted to make.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:55.77,0:52:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first commitment was \Nto protect life.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:09.50,0:52:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A commitment to a culture of non-violence\Nand respect for life."
Dialogue: 0,0:52:17.70,0:52:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we look at the 14 Mindfulness\NTrainings of the Order of Interbeing
Dialogue: 0,0:52:28.51,0:52:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see that there are roots to our inability
Dialogue: 0,0:52:33.00,0:52:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect life, there are roots to our\Nviolence.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.52,0:52:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those things like fanaticism, dogmatism.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:43.63,0:52:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we cling to a dogma, when we say that
Dialogue: 0,0:52:46.32,0:52:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are right and you are wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:50.13,0:52:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is contribution to violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:56.99,0:53:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when we commit ourselves to\Nnon-violence,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.18,0:53:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the one hand we commit ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:53:03.97,0:53:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to looking deeply into the seeds of
Dialogue: 0,0:53:08.12,0:53:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,violence we have in ourselves, and how
Dialogue: 0,0:53:11.57,0:53:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to water the violence we have in\Nourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:16.61,0:53:17.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:17.100,0:53:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want to find out, what is it
Dialogue: 0,0:53:21.09,0:53:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes people violent.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:24.96,0:53:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I stick to my dogma,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:29.19,0:53:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you stick to your dogma,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:32.73,0:53:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and neither of us can accept the dogma\Nof the other,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:36.80,0:53:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then that will also lead to violence
Dialogue: 0,0:53:40.50,0:53:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we commit together.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:45.79,0:53:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second commitment they have
Dialogue: 0,0:53:48.68,0:53:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is commitment to a culture of solidarity
Dialogue: 0,0:53:57.37,0:54:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just economic order.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:03.16,0:54:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So solidarity here means, like "đoàn kết"
Dialogue: 0,0:54:13.49,0:54:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means that we stand together.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:16.88,0:54:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,East stands together with West.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:20.45,0:54:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if in the West we see that South or\Nthe East is suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.93,0:54:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know that that is also our suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:30.55,0:54:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we want to help.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:32.85,0:54:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The North wants to help the South,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:36.13,0:54:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wants to stand together with the South.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:38.42,0:54:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is a culture of solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:44.26,0:54:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just economic order, like "?? nền kinh tế".
Dialogue: 0,0:54:53.17,0:54:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"?? nền kinh tế công bằng?"
Dialogue: 0,0:55:00.91,0:55:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that also means that we want to
Dialogue: 0,0:55:06.52,0:55:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be able to let go of our consumerism.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:10.74,0:55:14.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to be able to let go of our\Nmaterial comforts
Dialogue: 0,0:55:14.100,0:55:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to be able to share our riches
Dialogue: 0,0:55:18.80,0:55:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the countries that don't have
Dialogue: 0,0:55:22.12,0:55:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the riches we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:28.74,0:55:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third commitment that they nearly
Dialogue: 0,0:55:32.13,0:55:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came to agree with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:55:34.10,0:55:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is commitment to a culture of tolerance \Nand truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:43.41,0:55:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ability to embrace each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:48.81,0:55:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tolerance is "bao dung".
Dialogue: 0,0:55:53.54,0:55:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to be truthful, to be authentic\Nwith each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:01.57,0:56:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the fourth is a commitment to
Dialogue: 0,0:56:03.49,0:56:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a culture of equal rights and partnership\Nbetween men and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:13.48,0:56:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Equal rights is "bình quyền" and\Npartnership here is ?"sự hợp tác".
Dialogue: 0,0:56:23.13,0:56:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between men and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:27.27,0:56:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in that, in the details of that \Ncommitment,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:32.31,0:56:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it talks a lot about sexuality and not\Nexploiting sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:45.07,0:56:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not selling sex, that kind of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:57.65,0:57:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the theologian Hans Küng also
Dialogue: 0,0:57:01.74,0:57:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spent much of his life in talking to
Dialogue: 0,0:57:08.48,0:57:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,business men about global ethics.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:14.30,0:57:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is awoken.]
Dialogue: 0,0:57:18.43,0:57:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,0:57:33.58,0:57:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we read the second chapter of the\Nanguttara nikaya,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:39.75,0:57:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Buddha says, there are two things,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:44.92,0:57:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monks, that protect the world, \Nthat preserve the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:50.68,0:57:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are those two things?
Dialogue: 0,0:57:53.58,0:57:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are hiri and ottapa.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:04.95,1:00:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So usually when you look in the Pali \Ndictionary,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:08.42,1:00:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this how these two words are translated.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:26.35,1:00:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe moral shame, moral dread, it \Ndoesn't sound very... um..
Dialogue: 0,1:00:36.07,1:00:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To say that these two things protect \Nthe world, preserve the world,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:39.65,1:00:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may not sound so positive to you.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:44.76,1:00:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moral shame: it means that when I do\Nsomething I recognize that it
Dialogue: 0,1:00:53.63,1:00:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brings about suffering for myself,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:55.60,1:00:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I feel ashamed.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:58.94,1:01:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I don't do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:03.41,1:01:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, moral dread means I'm very afraid\Nof doing something wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:10.04,1:01:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm afraid to do that.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:16.02,1:01:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm afraid to do something that will\Nmake myself suffer and make
Dialogue: 0,1:01:21.72,1:01:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other people suffer.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:26.83,1:01:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes, we're afraid to do things
Dialogue: 0,1:01:33.08,1:01:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we think we will go to hell.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:36.98,1:01:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or we think that we will be punished.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:42.02,1:01:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, maybe you'd be afraid to rob a bank
Dialogue: 0,1:01:45.27,1:01:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you think you might be put \Nin prison.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:52.51,1:02:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes in Buddhist temples, you \Nhave fresco or paintings of the
Dialogue: 0,1:02:01.43,1:02:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terrible punishments that happen in hell.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:05.52,1:02:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like being thrown in to a cauldron of oil,\Nboiling oil or something like that.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:10.76,1:02:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some wrong deed that you did.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:14.47,1:02:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the idea about that is make you afraid
Dialogue: 0,1:02:17.84,1:02:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you don't do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:22.69,1:02:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing is that in Plum Village,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:27.16,1:02:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't really believe in hell,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:30.35,1:02:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like place you go after you die,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:33.20,1:02:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be punished for what you've done\Nwhile you were alive.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:38.28,1:02:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we believe that hell is more like\Na state of mind.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:42.09,1:02:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can go there very easily while\Nyou are still alive,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:47.51,1:02:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you choose to think in a certain way
Dialogue: 0,1:02:51.35,1:02:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or act in a certain way.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:54.95,1:03:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like when you feel angry, it's a kind of\Nhell -- you feel very hot.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:08.81,1:03:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here, it means like a deep aspiration
Dialogue: 0,1:03:14.69,1:03:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't want to suffer and I don't want\Nto make other suffer."
Dialogue: 0,1:03:20.97,1:03:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I have a ... I draw back, I draw back \Nfrom doing things
Dialogue: 0,1:03:27.09,1:03:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I do something that makes me \Nsuffer and makes others suffer,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:33.21,1:03:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I recognize that I made a mistake.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:36.06,1:03:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I feel ashamed.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:38.32,1:03:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I either come and confess to somebody\Nelse or I confess to myself,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:44.23,1:03:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the words I use are something like
Dialogue: 0,1:03:47.50,1:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I made a mistake; I made you suffer;\NI made myself suffer.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:52.00,1:03:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm not going to do that again.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:55.30,1:03:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am very sorry.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:56.68,1:03:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it is finished.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:58.63,1:04:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it doesn't finish there, and I keep \Nreminding myself,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:02.86,1:04:06.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I did that terrible thing. \NI can't forget it"
Dialogue: 0,1:04:06.65,1:04:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it becomes guilt.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:08.35,1:04:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And guilt is a complex, and
Dialogue: 0,1:04:10.34,1:04:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not something positive like shame is.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:15.13,1:04:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shame is positive, because it helps me to
Dialogue: 0,1:04:17.86,1:04:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get over what I've done wrong and helps \Nme not to make the same mistake again.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:32.71,1:04:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The philosopher Mencius,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:58.52,1:05:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mạnh Tử,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:00.75,1:05:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said that human beings are innately good.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:11.05,1:05:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have innate compassion.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:15.10,1:05:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he talked about four things,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:18.63,1:05:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which he called four beginnings,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:22.47,1:05:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which lead to living a moral life.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:03.19,1:06:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trắc ẩn tu ô' ???
Dialogue: 0,1:06:11.31,1:06:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is these two, I think.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:16.80,1:06:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tu here means to be shy, to feel ashamed.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:22.97,1:06:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's like Hiri. This is Mencius.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:28.68,1:06:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ô' means to hate.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:32.56,1:06:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you hate, you hate doing wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:36.03,1:06:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a little bit like being afraid of \Ndoing wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:39.94,1:06:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't like doing wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:43.82,1:06:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means compassion.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:45.96,1:06:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These means something you can translate\Nas compassion.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:49.89,1:06:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Mencius said that if you are inside,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:55.24,1:06:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see a child climb onto the edge
Dialogue: 0,1:06:59.58,1:07:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a well outside, then you immediately want
Dialogue: 0,1:07:02.95,1:07:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to run out and take the child in your arms
Dialogue: 0,1:07:06.43,1:07:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the child doesn't fall into the well.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:10.23,1:07:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the door is locked, and you can't\Nget out, you will be very
Dialogue: 0,1:07:14.12,1:07:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will feel very bad, very frustrated.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:17.68,1:07:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You won't know what to do.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:19.72,1:07:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is the natural compassion \Nthat we have, that we want
Dialogue: 0,1:07:23.53,1:07:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to save the life of others.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:31.21,1:07:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this means that we are ashamed to \Ndo something wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:35.90,1:07:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this means that we don't want,\Nwe don't like to do something wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:13.74,1:08:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,từ như ??
Dialogue: 0,1:08:18.21,1:08:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last one I remember... Easy.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:46.89,1:08:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thị phi ... từ nhượng
Dialogue: 0,1:08:50.38,1:08:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So từ nhượng means that you say good-bye\Nto something.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:55.27,1:08:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like in "từ ?", you say good-bye.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:58.54,1:09:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You refrain, you don't do that.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:04.11,1:09:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see that you can let go and not do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:09.43,1:09:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And "nhượng" means to yield.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:14.82,1:09:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can let go, you don't hold on to...
Dialogue: 0,1:09:21.27,1:09:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If something is necessary is to be done,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:24.03,1:09:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:25.100,1:09:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it is something you shouldn't do,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:28.56,1:09:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can say good-bye to it and not do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:32.19,1:09:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can refrain from doing something.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:38.21,1:09:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like somebody comes to me and they say
Dialogue: 0,1:09:40.75,1:09:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, you know, I love very much somebody
Dialogue: 0,1:09:45.52,1:09:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is my workplace. And she has a husband
Dialogue: 0,1:09:54.37,1:09:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and children, I have a wife and children...
Dialogue: 0,1:09:58.83,1:10:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I know that I just have to give up
Dialogue: 0,1:10:01.48,1:10:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that love for the person, because I have
Dialogue: 0,1:10:05.97,1:10:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to care of my family, I have to take care
Dialogue: 0,1:10:07.69,1:10:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of my wife, and she has to take care
Dialogue: 0,1:10:09.59,1:10:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of her family and husband."
Dialogue: 0,1:10:12.92,1:10:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is to give up.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:17.25,1:10:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then when we see something that needs
Dialogue: 0,1:10:18.80,1:10:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be done, we do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:21.100,1:10:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this means we have the capacity to
Dialogue: 0,1:10:26.15,1:10:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discriminate between what is right, and\Nwhat is wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:32.07,1:10:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But like we said before, we have to..
Dialogue: 0,1:10:38.89,1:10:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Buddhism, we don't know in advance
Dialogue: 0,1:10:41.51,1:10:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is right and what is wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:44.87,1:10:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to use our mindfulness, \Nconcentration and insight in every
Dialogue: 0,1:10:51.00,1:10:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,situation to know what is right and wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:54.51,1:10:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:57.66,1:11:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Five Mindfulness Traingings,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:00.09,1:11:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have basic guidelines to help us go
Dialogue: 0,1:11:04.12,1:11:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that direction.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:06.29,1:11:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But finally, we have to use mindfulness,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:10.74,1:11:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concentration, insight and the collective\Nwisdom of the Sangha
Dialogue: 0,1:11:15.28,1:11:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to know what is right and wrong\Nin this situation.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:20.43,1:11:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is why when we do our meditation
Dialogue: 0,1:11:23.31,1:11:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the evening, we say
Dialogue: 0,1:11:26.51,1:11:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no more thought of right and wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:30.59,1:11:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in your meditation,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:31.97,1:11:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't want to be thinking
Dialogue: 0,1:11:33.38,1:11:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oh, should I do this or should I do that?
Dialogue: 0,1:11:37.11,1:11:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our meditation, we need to be able to
Dialogue: 0,1:11:41.81,1:11:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come back to our breathing,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:43.46,1:11:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to let go of all our thinking
Dialogue: 0,1:11:46.66,1:11:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then refresh our mind and
Dialogue: 0,1:11:48.36,1:11:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look deeply.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:52.02,1:11:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes. So that is a little bit of
Dialogue: 0,1:11:55.72,1:11:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking about meta-ethics in Buddhism.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:02.34,1:12:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have ethics, which is "đạo đức học"
Dialogue: 0,1:12:07.90,1:12:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we also have meta-ethics
Dialogue: 0,1:12:09.44,1:12:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is "siêu đạo đức học".
Dialogue: 0,1:12:15.81,1:12:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what lies at the base of ethics?
Dialogue: 0,1:12:21.54,1:12:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, it may be the no thought of \Nright and wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:30.92,1:12:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What lies at the base of ethics is \Nthe awareness of suffering,
Dialogue: 0,1:12:37.41,1:12:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the awareness of happiness,
Dialogue: 0,1:12:41.20,1:12:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also the ability to let go of \Nall ideas of right and wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:50.10,1:12:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to be able to discover
Dialogue: 0,1:12:53.99,1:12:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what will lead to the greatest happiness
Dialogue: 0,1:12:58.13,1:13:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the least suffering in this particular\Ncircumstance.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:15.69,1:13:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
Dialogue: 0,1:13:22.75,1:13:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 19th century, they talk about
Dialogue: 0,1:13:29.30,1:13:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the greatest happiness of the greatest\Nnumber
Dialogue: 0,1:13:35.96,1:13:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as being the basis for ethics.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:39.66,1:13:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in Buddhism we could agree \Nalso with that.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:45.20,1:13:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want, that is what we feel
Dialogue: 0,1:13:49.21,1:13:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want the least amount of suffering.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:54.57,1:13:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also know that suffering is
Dialogue: 0,1:13:57.36,1:13:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essential for there to be compassion.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:00.25,1:14:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And compassion is essential for
Dialogue: 0,1:14:02.48,1:14:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there to be happiness.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:05.04,1:14:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there will always be suffering.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:07.00,1:14:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know to worry that one day,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:09.87,1:14:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be no more suffering.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:13.56,1:14:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just don't want to make more suffering
Dialogue: 0,1:14:16.13,1:14:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than what is already offering itself to us.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:23.55,1:14:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is awoken.]
Dialogue: 0,1:14:28.73,1:14:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,1:14:41.30,1:14:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that Jeremy Bentham and
Dialogue: 0,1:14:44.19,1:14:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Stuart Mill, they talked a lot about
Dialogue: 0,1:14:46.91,1:14:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,material happiness.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:49.62,1:14:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of poverty.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:51.29,1:14:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There still is a lot of poverty.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:53.49,1:14:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And obviously to be able to eradicate
Dialogue: 0,1:14:55.66,1:15:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poverty would bring material happiness,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:00.28,1:15:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will then lead to spiritual happiness.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:03.41,1:15:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when people are so poor,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:05.77,1:15:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't have the time, they don't
Dialogue: 0,1:15:07.46,1:15:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the opportunity to develop their\Nspiritual life.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:12.54,1:15:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that is a basic step.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:15.16,1:15:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also see that spiritual happiness
Dialogue: 0,1:15:19.83,1:15:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very important.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:22.21,1:15:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I lived in India, in a place that\Nwas very poor,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:30.39,1:15:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to see the children there.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:33.49,1:15:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had no clothes, really,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:35.05,1:15:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few ragged clothes sometimes.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:41.15,1:15:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they were happy.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:44.08,1:15:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'd play with each other, although
Dialogue: 0,1:15:46.06,1:15:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't have any toys,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:48.05,1:15:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't have proper clothes to wear.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:51.45,1:15:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they had a kind of happiness that
Dialogue: 0,1:15:53.33,1:15:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes in children who have clothes and
Dialogue: 0,1:15:56.56,1:16:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have many toys, you don't see.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:02.50,1:16:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that also has something to do with
Dialogue: 0,1:16:04.38,1:16:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our sharing our wealth, so that
Dialogue: 0,1:16:07.66,1:16:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody has enough, but not more
Dialogue: 0,1:16:11.93,1:16:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they need.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:14.03,1:16:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One German economist said it is perfectly
Dialogue: 0,1:16:18.01,1:16:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possible for everyone to have a wage that
Dialogue: 0,1:16:22.38,1:16:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the same -- everybody earns the same\Namount of money.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:38.26,1:16:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So during the three months \Nof the Autumn Retreat,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:42.16,1:16:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have an opportunity for us to be able
Dialogue: 0,1:16:46.72,1:16:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look into how the Fourteen Mindfulness \NTrainings affect our own life.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:55.80,1:16:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how we can help, how they can help us
Dialogue: 0,1:16:59.35,1:17:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop our compassion.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:03.10,1:17:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have plenty of opportunity
Dialogue: 0,1:17:05.12,1:17:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our sitting meditation to practise
Dialogue: 0,1:17:09.45,1:17:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loving kindness meditation if we want to
Dialogue: 0,1:17:14.28,1:17:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can more easily bring up the
Dialogue: 0,1:17:19.53,1:17:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innate compassion that we all have.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:25.42,1:17:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is awoken.]
Dialogue: 0,1:17:30.58,1:17:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,1:17:58.70,1:18:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,1:18:25.14,1:18:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The bell is invited.]
Dialogue: 0,1:18:54.95,1:18:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The small bell is awoken.]
Dialogue: 0,1:18:56.54,1:19:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The small bell is invited.]