[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many believe driving is an activity
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.00,0:00:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,solely reserved for those who can see.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A blind person driving a vehicle safely and independently
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was thought to be an impossible task, until now.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, my name is Dennis Hong,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're bringing freedom and independence to the blind
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by building a vehicle for the visually impaired.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So before I talk about this car for the blind,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let me briefly tell you about another project that I worked on
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the DARPA Urban Challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this was about building a robotic car
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can drive itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You press start, nobody touches anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can reach its destination fully autonomously.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in 2007, our team won half a million dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by placing third place in this competition.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So about that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the National Federation of the Blind, or NFB,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,challenged the research committee
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about who can develop a car
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lets a blind person drive safely and independently.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We decided to give it a try,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we thought, "Hey, how hard could it be?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have already an autonomous vehicle.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just put a blind person in it and we're done, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We couldn't have been more wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What NFB wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not a vehicle that can drive a blind person around,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a vehicle where a blind person can make active decisions and drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we had to throw everything out the window
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to test this crazy idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we developed a small dune buggy prototype vehicle
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to test the feasibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the summer of 2009,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we invited dozens of blind youth from all over the country
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gave them a chance to take it for a spin.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was an absolutely amazing experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the problem with this car was
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was designed to only be driven in a very controlled environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a flat, closed-off parking lot --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the lanes defined by red traffic cones.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with this success,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we decided to take the next big step,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop a real car that can be driven on real roads.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does it work?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's a rather complex system,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but let me try to explain it, maybe simplify it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have three steps.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have perception, computation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and non-visual interfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now obviously the driver cannot see,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the system needs to perceive the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gather information for the driver.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For that, we use an initial measurement unit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it measures acceleration, angular acceleration --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a human ear, inner ear.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We fuse that information with a GPS unit
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get an estimate of the location of the car.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also use two cameras to detect the lanes of the road.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we also use three laser range finders.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lasers scan the environment to detect obstacles --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a car approaching from the front, the back
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also any obstacles that run into the roads,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any obstacles around the vehicle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all this vast amount of information is then fed into the computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the computer can do two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, first of all, process this information
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have an understanding of the environment --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are the lanes of the road, there's the obstacles --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and convey this information to the driver.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The system is also smart enough
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to figure out the safest way to operate the car.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can also generate instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how to operate the controls of the vehicle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the problem is this: How do we convey
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this information and instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.00,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a person who cannot see
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fast enough and accurate enough so he can drive?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for this, we developed many different types
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of non-visual user interface technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So starting from a three-dimensional ping sound system,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a vibrating vest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a click wheel with voice commands, a leg strip,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even a shoe that applies pressure to the foot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today we're going to talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three of these non-visual user interfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the first interface is called a DriveGrip.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are a pair of gloves,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has vibrating elements on the knuckle part
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can convey instructions about how to steer --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.00,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the direction and the intensity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another device is called SpeedStrip.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a chair -- as a matter of fact, it's actually a massage chair.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We gut it out, and we rearrange the vibrating elements in different patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we actuate them to convey information about the speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also instructions how to use the gas and the brake pedal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So over here, you can see
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the computer understands the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because you cannot see the vibration,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually put red LED's on the driver so that you can see what's happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the sensory data,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that data is transferred to the devices through the computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these two devices, DriveGrip and SpeedStrip,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are very effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the problem is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are instructional cue devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is not really freedom, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The computer tells you how to drive --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn left, turn right, speed up, stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call this the "backseat-driver problem."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're moving away from the instructional cue devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're now focusing more
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the informational devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A good example for this informational non-visual user interface
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is called AirPix.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So think of it as a monitor for the blind.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a small tablet, has many holes in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and compressed air comes out,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can actually draw images.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even though you are blind, you can put your hand over it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see the lanes of the road and obstacles.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, you can also change the frequency of the air coming out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and possibly the temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's actually a multi-dimensional user interface.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here you can see the left camera, the right camera from the vehicle
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.00,0:04:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how the computer interprets that and sends that information to the AirPix.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.00,0:04:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For this, we're showing a simulator,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.00,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a blind person driving using the AirPix.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This simulator was also very useful for training the blind drivers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also quickly testing different types of ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for different types of non-visual user interfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically that's how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just a month ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on January 29th,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we unveiled this vehicle for the very first time to the public
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the world-famous Daytona International Speedway
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the Rolex 24 racing event.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also had some surprises. Let's take a look.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) Announcer: This is an historic day in January.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's coming up to the grandstand, fellow Federationists.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheering)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Honking)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's the grandstand now.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he's [unclear] following that van that's out in front of him.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well there comes the first box.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's see if Mark avoids it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He does. He passes it on the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third box is out. The fourth box is out.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he's perfectly making his way between the two.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's closing in on the van
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make the moving pass.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well this is what it's all about,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this kind of dynamic display of audacity and ingenuity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's approaching the end of the run,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes his way between the barrels that are set up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Honking)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.00,0:06:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dennis Hong: I'm so happy for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.00,0:06:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mark's going to give me a ride back to the hotel.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mark Riccobono: Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.00,0:06:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.00,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DH: So since we started this project,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've been getting hundreds of letters, emails, phone calls
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from people from all around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Letters thanking us, but sometimes you also get funny letters like this one:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Now I understand why there is Braille on a drive-up ATM machine."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.00,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.00,0:07:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes I also do get --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.00,0:07:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wouldn't call it hate mail --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.00,0:07:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but letters of really strong concern:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Dr. Hong, are you insane,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to put blind people on the road?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You must be out of your mind."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.00,0:07:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this vehicle is a prototype vehicle,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not going to be on the road
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it's proven as safe as, or safer than, today's vehicle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I truly believe that this can happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.00,0:07:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still, will the society,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.00,0:07:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would they accept such a radical idea?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.00,0:07:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are we going to handle insurance?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.00,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are we going to issue driver's licenses?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's many of these different kinds of hurdles besides technology challenges
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we need to address before this becomes a reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, the main goal of this project
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to develop a car for the blind.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But potentially more important than this
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the tremendous value of the spin-off technology
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.00,0:08:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can come from this project.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.00,0:08:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sensors that are used can see through the dark,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fog and rain.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.00,0:08:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And together with this new type of interfaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can use these technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and apply them to safer cars for sighted people.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or for the blind, everyday home appliances --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the educational setting, in the office setting.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just imagine, in a classroom a teacher writes on the blackboard
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a blind student can see what's written and read
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using these non-visual interfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is priceless.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So today, the things I've showed you today, is just the beginning.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)