[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A story wrapped in myth and legend
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.54,0:00:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did a tribe of wandering nomads
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.48,0:00:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engineer the Americas greatest empire
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.55,0:00:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just 200 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.34,0:00:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to devise engineering systems which \Nwere extraordinary for their age
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.60,0:00:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their civilization rivaled Rome \Nin its sophistication
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.18,0:00:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs had the best technology \Nthat could be produced
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.30,0:00:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the conditions of which they lived
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.32,0:00:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Acquaducts
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.22,0:00:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Palaces
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.16,0:00:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pyramids
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.01,0:00:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and temples stood as a \Ntribute to their Gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.54,0:00:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a testament to the power of human kind
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.60,0:00:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs crowning achievement \Nwas a gleaming capital city
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.31,0:00:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That astonished European explorers called \Nthe Venice of the new world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.57,0:00:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The city spread out, \Nglittering against its canals
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.67,0:01:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its lake be that with fine trees\Nand beautiful mansions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.91,0:01:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their thirst for power and blood set \Nthem on a course for destruction
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.13,0:01:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it finally came
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.75,0:01:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their annihilation would be swifter
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.94,0:01:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more complete than \Nthe world had ever known
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.24,0:01:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1325 A.D.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.57,0:01:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Central Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.74,0:01:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Near modern day Mexico City
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.46,0:01:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A young girl, just a teenager
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.93,0:01:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is celebrating her impending wedding
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.37,0:01:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She is the daughter of a tribal king
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.53,0:01:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she is about to join a new tribe \Nthat has been a guest of her kingdom
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.90,0:01:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That tribe is now known as the Aztecs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.59,0:02:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As part of the ritual, five Aztec noblemen lead her \Nto an ancient temple for the ceremony
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.15,0:02:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as she reached the top, \Nnoblemen suddenly veer her away from the altar
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.67,0:02:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and onto a a slab of stone in front of the temple
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.92,0:02:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one used for sacrifice
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.63,0:02:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each man holds her limbs, \Nwhile a fifth lifts an obsidian knife high in the air
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.43,0:02:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with one searing move, he slashes it through \Nher chest, and extracts her still beating heart
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.50,0:02:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That evening, the king is invited to a ceremony to celebrate the marriage
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.09,0:02:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, he finds a \Npriest performing a dance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.85,0:02:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wearing the still glistening skin \Nof his daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.01,0:02:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As part of the ritual, the Aztecs \Nhad flayed her to honor the God of fertility
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He saw this and he was \Nabsolutely horrified at what he saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.91,0:03:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His dear daughter
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.67,0:03:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He and his forces immediately \Nchased the Aztecs into the lake
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.11,0:03:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and onto this island \Nwhere they sought refuge
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.48,0:03:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The marshy island was an unwelcoming place
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.91,0:03:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet it was from here that the Aztecs \Nwould beat the odds against them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.05,0:03:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And forge the most powerful \Nempire of the Americas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.98,0:03:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi. I'm Peter Weller. When I think of the \NAztecs I think of an elegant people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.27,0:03:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with beautiful skin and flamboyant \Nheadresses of many colors
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.27,0:03:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think of floating cities \Nand a terrific song by Neil Young.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.86,0:03:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About Montezuma and Cortez.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.54,0:03:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also think of knives of obsidian glass\Nripping in the chest cavities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.58,0:03:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hands pulling out bleeding hearts \Nand holding them high
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.97,0:04:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the Aztec sacrifices were performed in \Nthe temple atop a stone pyramid like this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.24,0:04:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs felt that without \Nthese offerings the sun would
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.88,0:04:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally cease to rise and the universe would die.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.58,0:04:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Aztec history is a fusion of fact and myth\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.36,0:04:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what we do know is that this murder as horrific as it was
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.27,0:04:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only marked the beginning of the Aztec empire
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.77,0:04:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it also marked the location from where would rise.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.84,0:04:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The island the Aztecs were banished to after \Ntheir disastrous sacrifice of the princess was in lake Textcoco.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.72,0:04:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The largest of five interconnected lakes \Ncovering a valley about 40 by 70 miles.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.59,0:04:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, this once vast and open valley
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.58,0:04:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is teaming with what is modern day Mexico City.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.02,0:04:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the largest cities in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.42,0:05:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But 700 years ago, the island was so \Nswampy no one had laid claim to it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.61,0:05:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now as they gazed on the lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.17,0:05:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztec leader Tenoch announced to his followers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.20,0:05:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he had seen an eagle, perched on \Na cactus in the middle of the lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.84,0:05:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A sign from the Gods that \Nthey had found their new home.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.34,0:05:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would name their city Tenochtitlan.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.92,0:05:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life is tough for the Aztecs \Nin the early days of Tenochtitlan.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.97,0:05:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they have a vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.85,0:05:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A vision of a powerful city
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.04,0:05:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Modeled on an ancient and legendary city just 25 miles away
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.56,0:05:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They called this city Teotihuacan
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.56,0:05:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "City of the Gods."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.44,0:05:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know very little about Teotihuacan
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.24,0:05:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because all we have is the archaeological remains
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.67,0:05:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't have any writing we don't have any documentation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.30,0:05:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really flashed out what went on in this big city.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.64,0:05:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was in ruins even in Aztec times.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.86,0:06:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they believed it to be the \Nstomping grounds of the Gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.51,0:06:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the literal birthplace of the sun itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.66,0:06:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The place the Aztecs most revered in Teotihuacan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.42,0:06:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a pyramid that rose above the tree line.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.44,0:06:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was called "The Pyramid of the Sun".
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.46,0:06:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The massive Sun Pyramid contains \Na million cubic yards of earth and stone
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.51,0:06:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a base roughly the same \Nas the great pyramid of Giza in Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.29,0:06:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs believe Teotihuacan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.45,0:06:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was laid out in the image of the cosmos
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.09,0:06:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created by their Gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.39,0:06:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it was this image they would \Nattempt to replicate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.19,0:06:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the construction of their new city: \NTenochtitlan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.70,0:06:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taking on the challenge would be an Aztec leader named Acamoaoichtli.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.14,0:06:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1376, he embarked on an ambitious plan to \Nengineer an advanced city at Tenochtitlan.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.11,0:07:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there was a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.05,0:07:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The swampy islands that they took over \Nneeded a lot of work.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.89,0:07:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they started to build anything \Nit would begin to subside.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.56,0:07:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was simply no foundation on which to build.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.40,0:07:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs' solution would revolutionize the architecture of the Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.44,0:07:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They began by anchoring their buildings deep in the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.87,0:07:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using a system of pylon made from wood.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.20,0:07:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Workers cut stakes into thirty foot \Nlengths - three to four inches wide.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.28,0:07:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were driven into the soft ground \Nto make a foundation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.64,0:07:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pylons were often surrounded \Nwith volcanic stone to add strength.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.89,0:07:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Masons and bricklayers could then build \Nwalls on top of this base with confidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.09,0:07:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have found wooden pilings to hold the foundation of the buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.57,0:07:58.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that it didn't sink\Nor the fact that is didn't just topple
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.15,0:08:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's a major feat of engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.63,0:08:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tenochtitlan was an island city
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.97,0:08:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the lakes surrounding it were very shallow
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.88,0:08:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes only seven feet deep
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.53,0:08:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole thing looked like a giant \Nmetroplex floating on a pond.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.59,0:08:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Originally, the only way to get from \Nthis floating city the mainland was by boat
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.75,0:08:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Aztecs eventually devised
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.91,0:08:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a series of causeways sometimes 45 feet wide
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.76,0:08:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would connect their floating city \Nto the mainland provinces.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.56,0:08:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The causeways were supported \Nby strong wooden pilings
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.19,0:08:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same pilings that supported \Ntheir temples and other buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.02,0:08:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of these pilings had to be \Ndriven deep into the lake bed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.44,0:08:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this presented a logistical challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.77,0:08:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can only be met by a strong skilled labor force
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.07,0:08:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the best of Mesoamerica's engineers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.46,0:08:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To build a causeway, two lines of steaks were laid out.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.46,0:08:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the space between them was filled \Nwith stones and earth
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.56,0:08:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it reached several feet above the water level.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.63,0:08:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This allowed the road to support enormous weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.05,0:09:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These causeways were built very straight.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.75,0:09:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were very wide with \Nbridges that would open up.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.34,0:09:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That connected the city to the north to the west
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.10,0:09:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to the south.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.92,0:09:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The roads enabled the Aztecs to transport \Nlarger heavier materials for building.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.85,0:09:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this presented a new challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.88,0:09:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were no beasts of burden in Mesoamerica so
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.61,0:09:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything had to be done with humans
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.87,0:09:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no carts, no wheel
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.80,0:09:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Small loads would be carried on the back \Nwith a rope hung from the forehead.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.63,0:09:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Large items like stone blocks or \Nsculptures for a temple\N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.43,0:09:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be dragged by huge numbers of men
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.18,0:09:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pulling ropes, possibly using logs as rollers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.33,0:09:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Legend has it one stone bound for a temple\Nrequired the force of 50 thousand men
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.25,0:09:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To drag it from the mountains on the \Nmainland, across the causeway and into the city
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.87,0:10:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The causeways would also present the Aztecs \Nwith a new way to get fresh water to Tenochtitlan.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.18,0:10:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, the Aztecs had transported \Nwater in canoes from the shore.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.79,0:10:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a huge boom in the city's population \Nmeant they needed a higher tech solution
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.90,0:10:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep up with demand.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.57,0:10:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted to use water from \Nthe springs on the mainland.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.40,0:10:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so they wanted to build an acquaduct.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.76,0:10:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the springs were under control of the \Ndominant tribe in the region:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.13,0:10:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ruthless Tapaneks.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.04,0:10:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Tapaneks were the controllers or \Nthe dominators of all the valley.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.17,0:10:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had a very strong empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.70,0:10:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they were the lords of the valley.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.24,0:10:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Aztecs were tributary subjects to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.15,0:10:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the Aztec population grew, \Ntensions with the Tapaneks began to simmer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.73,0:10:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the Aztecs decided to issue an ultimatum
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.94,0:10:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could change the balance of \Npower in the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.46,0:11:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people of Tenochtitlan not only demanded \Nthat the Tapaneks give them the water
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.75,0:11:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also demanded that they help \Nconstruct the acquaduct.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.29,0:11:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Tapaneks' answer was swift and brutal.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.34,0:11:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Tapanek king Makstala sent assassins \Nwho murdered the reigning Aztec leader in cold blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.43,0:11:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the final straw.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.77,0:11:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After decades of domination, the Aztecs \Nwould finally make their move\N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.25,0:11:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wage war against their ruthless overlords.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.45,0:11:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they would launch a series of \Nwildly ambitious building projects
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.98,0:11:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around their growing island city
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.14,0:11:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would earn them a reputation \Nas the greatest engineers of the Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.37,0:12:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is 1428, and the Aztecs have \Ndeclared war on their overlords
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.80,0:12:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tribe calles the Tapaneks.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.77,0:12:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to defeat the Tapaneks, they would need a little help from their neighbors.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.34,0:12:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs approached the nearby \Ncity state of Texcoco.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.34,0:12:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, a decisive leader was on the rise.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.51,0:12:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His name was Nezahualcóyotl
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.67,0:12:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his domineering leadership would \Nbe instrumental in forging the Aztec empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.40,0:12:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With Nezahualcóyotl at their side, the \NAztec underdogs woud go for the jugular.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.77,0:12:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They launched an all-out attack on the Tapanek capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.63,0:12:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After a siege of more than 100 days,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.43,0:12:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they broke through Tapanek defenses and\Nslaughtered their oppressors.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.65,0:13:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After capturing the Tapanek king, Makstala, \Nking Nezahualcóyotl personally cut out his heart
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.19,0:13:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sprinkled his blood into the waters of lake Texcoco.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.69,0:13:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly, the tables had turned.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.17,0:13:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the exact moment of the \Nbeginning of the empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.58,0:13:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Aztecs became the leaders of \Nthe valley of Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.24,0:13:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After conquering the valley of Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.87,0:13:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Aztecs could now turn their attention \Nto bringing clean water to their growing city.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.82,0:13:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remarkably, the Aztecs would \Nindependently design and build
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.44,0:13:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something a few world empires would master: \N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.41,0:13:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the aquaduct.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.10,0:13:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The aqueduct actually had two channels \Neach about five feet high and three feet wide.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.19,0:13:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One would be cleaned and maintained \Nwhile the other was being used
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.57,0:13:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the water flow was never interrupted.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.23,0:13:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The twin tube aqueduct ran for \Nthree miles from the mainland
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.10,0:13:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the center of the island city.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.63,0:14:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In town, water streamed into public \Nfountains and reservoirs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.73,0:14:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was distributed to the public in \Nlarge clay jars or by canoe.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.47,0:14:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In comparison to the Europeans, the Aztecs\Nwere a very clean people.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.14,0:14:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that the Aztec emperor bathed twice a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.94,0:14:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in terms of higiene, the Aztec people \Nwas much more advanced than the Europens.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.53,0:14:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While the Aztec nobles were bathing in \Nluxury, at this time in Europe, plague
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.92,0:14:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caused by unsanitary conditions was killing millions.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.01,0:14:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King Nezahualcóyotl's own bath was \None of the most unique in the Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.42,0:14:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In was fed by a sophisticated aqueduct system \Nthat also brought running water to his palace grounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.72,0:14:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behind me is the hill of Texcotzingo, and on this hill\NNezahualcóyotl built a fantastic treasure palace.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.96,0:15:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and around this palace a virtual \Nbotanical garden, filled with all
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.28,0:15:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the exotic flowers of Mesoamerica.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.93,0:15:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nezahualcóyotl brought water \Nfrom the Sierra Nevada mountains
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.46,0:15:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way down to here into this hill, \Nto his palace just to water his plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.57,0:15:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To install an aqueduct there,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.29,0:15:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nezahualcóyotl had to fill a huge gorge \Nbetween Texcotzingo and the next will.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.12,0:15:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the water arrived at the first hill,\Nit gathered in small pools
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.38,0:15:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build to control the speed of the \Nflow before it reached the aqueduct.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.77,0:15:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After crossing the aqueduct, the water \Nran in a circuit around Texcotzingo hill
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.70,0:15:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spilling off over the sides in \Nrock-cut waterfalls
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.64,0:15:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to water the gardens.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.53,0:15:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it ended up in a nearly perfectly round rock cut pool called the king's bath