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This is the Air Jordan 3 Black Cement.

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This might be the most
important sneaker in history.

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First released in 1988,

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this is the shoe that started
Nike marketing as we know it.

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This is the shoe that propelled
the entire Air Jordan lineage,

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and perhaps saved Nike.

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The Air Jordan 3 Black Cement did for
sneakers what the iPhone did for phones.

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It's been rereleased four times.

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Every celebrity's been seen wearing it.

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There's a site about what to wear
with the Black Cement,

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it's been right under
your nose for decades

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and you never looked down.

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And right about now,
most of you are probably thinking,

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[WTF? SNEAKERS?]

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sneakers?

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(Laughter)

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Yes.

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Yes, sneakers.

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Some extraordinary things
about sneakers,

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and data,

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and Nike,

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and how they're all related, possibly,
to the future of all online commerce.

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In 2011, the last time
the Jordan Black Cement was released,

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at a retail of $160 dollars,

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it sold out globally in minutes.

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And that's because people
were camped outside of sneaker stores

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for days before it went on sale.

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And just minutes after that,

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thousands of those pairs were on eBay
for two and three times retail.

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In fact, there's over 1,000 pairs on eBay
right now, four years later.

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This happens every single Saturday.

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Every week there's another release,

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or two, or three,

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and every shoe has a story as rich
and compelling as Black Cement.

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This is Nike building
the marketplace for Sneakerheads,

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people who collect sneakers,

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And my daughter.

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(Laughter)

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That's an "I love Dad" tee shirt.

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For the brands, Sneakerheads are
a very important demographic.

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These are the tastemakers,
these are the Apple fanboys --

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because who else is going to buy a pair of
8,000 dollar Back to the Future sneakers?

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(Laughter)

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Yeah, 8,000 dollars.

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And while that's obviously the anomaly,

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the resell sneaker market
is definitely not.

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30 years in the making,

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what started as an underground culture

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of a few people who like sneakers
just a bit too much,

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(Laugther)

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Now we have sneaker addictions.

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In a market where in the past 12 months,

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there have been over
nine million pairs of shoes

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in the United States alone,

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at a value of 1.2 billion dollars,

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and that's the conservative estimate --

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I should know, I am sneakerhead,
this is my collection.

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In the pantheon on great collections,
mine doesn't even register.

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I have about 250 pairs,
but trust me, I am small-time.

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People have thousands.

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I'm a very typical
37-year-old sneakerhead.

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(Laughter)

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I grew up playing basketball
when Michael Jordan played,

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I always wanted Air Jordans,

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my mother would never buy me Air Jordans,

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as soon as I got some money
I bought Air Jordans --

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literally we all have
the exact same story.

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But here's where mine diverged.

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After starting three companies,
I took a job as a strategy consultant.

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What I very quickly realized is that
I didn't know the first thing about data.

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But I learned -- because I had to,

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and I liked it.

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So I thought, I wonder if I could
get a hold of some sneaker data,

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just to play with for my own amusement.

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The goal was to develop a price guide,

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a real data-driven view of the market.

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And four years later,

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we're analyzing over
25 million transactions,

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providing real-time analytics
on thousands of sneakers.

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Now, sneakerheads check prices
while camping out for releases.

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Others have used the data
to validate insurance claims.

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And the top investment banks in the world

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now use resell data to analyze
the retail footwear industry.

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And here's the best part.

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Sneakerheads have sneaker portfolios.

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(Laughter)

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Sneakerheads can track
the value of their collection over time,

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compare it to others,

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and have access to the same
analytics you might

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for your online brokerage account.

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So sneakerhead Dan builds his collection,
and identifies which 352 are his,

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he can see it's worth $103,000 --

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frankly, a modest collection.

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At the asset level,
he can see Gain/Loss by shoe,

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here he's made of $600 on one pair.

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I have one of those.

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(Laughter)

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So an unregulated
1.2 billion dollar industry

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that thrives as much on the street
as it does online,

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and it spawned fundamental
financial services for sneakers.

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At some point, I asked myself
what's really going on in the market,

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and two comparisons
started to emerge.

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Are sneakers more like stocks or drugs?

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(Laughter)

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In fact, one guy emailed to say
his 15-year-old son was selling drugs,

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and later found out
he was selling sneakers.

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(Laughter)

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And now they use the data
to do it together.

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And that's because sneakers

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are an investment opportunity
where none other exist.

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And I don't just mean the kids that
are selling sneakers instead of drugs.

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How about all kids?

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You have to be 18
to play the stock market.

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I sold chewing gum in sixth grade,
blow pops in ninth grade,

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and collected baseball cards
through high school.

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The cards are long dead,

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and the candy market's
usually quite local.

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For a lot of people, sneakers are a legal
and accessible investment opportunity,

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a democratized stock market.

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But also, unregulated,

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which is why the story
you're probably most familiar with

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is people killing each other for sneakers.

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And while that definitely happens
and it's tragic,

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it's not nearly the epidemic some media
would have you believe.

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In fact it's a very small piece
of a much bigger and better story.

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So sneakers have similarities

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to both the stock exchange and
the illegal drug trade,

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but perhaps the most fundamental
is the existence of a central actor.

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Someone is making the rules.

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In the case of sneakers
that someone is Nike.

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Let me walk you through some numbers.

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The resell market we know is 1.2 billion.

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Nike, including Jordan brand,


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accounts for 96 percent of all shoes
sold on the secondary market.

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Just complete domination.

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Sneakerheads love Jordans.

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And profit on the secondary market
is about one third.

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That means that sneakerheads

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made 380,000,000 dollars 
selling Nikes last year.

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Let's jump to retail for a second.

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Skechers, earlier this year, became the
number two footwear brand in the country,

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surpassing Adidas --
this was a big deal.

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12 months ending June,

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Skechers net income
was 209,000,000 dollars.

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That means that Nike's customers

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make almost twice as much profit
as their closest competitor.

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That ...

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(Laughter)

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How's that even possible?

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The sneaker market
is just supply and demand,

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but Nike's gotten very good
at using supply -- limited sneakers,

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and the distribution of those sneakers
to their own benefit.

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So it's really just supply.

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Sneakerheads joke that as long
as it's limited and Nike, they'll buy it.

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Shoes that sell for 8,000 dollars do so
because they're very rare.

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It's no different than any other
collectible market,

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only this isn't a market at all.

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It's a false construct created by Nike --

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
ingeniously created by Nike, in the most
positive sense, to sell more shoes.

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And in the process it provided tens
of thousands of people

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it provided tens of thousands of people
with life-long passions, myself included.

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If Nike wanted to kill the resell market,
they could do it tomorrow,

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all they have to do is release more shoes,
but we certainly don't want them to,

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nor is it in their best interest.

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That's because unlike Apple, who will sell
an iPhone to anyone who wants one,

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Nike doesn't make their money
by just selling 200 dollar sneakers.

167
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They sell millions of shoes to millions
of people for 60 dollars.

168
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And sneakerheads are the ones
who drive the marketing,

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and the hype, and the PR
and the grand cachet,

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and enable Nike to sell millions
of 60 dollar sneakers.

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It's marketing.

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's marketing in the likes to which
has never been seen before,

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
this isn't in any text book.

174
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
For 15 years Nike had propped up
an artificial commodities market,

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with a Facebook-level hyped IPO
every single weekend.

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Drive by any Footlocker at 8am
on a Saturday morning,

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and there will be a line down the street
and around the block,

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and sometimes those kids
have been waiting there all week.

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You know those crazy iPhone lines
you see on the news every other year?

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Nike lines happen 104 times more often.

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So Nike sets the rules.

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And they do so by controlling
supply and distribution.

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But once a pair leaves the retail channel,
it's the wild west.

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There are very few, if any,
legal unregulated markets of this size.

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So Nike is definitely
not the stock exchange,

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in fact, there is not central exchange.

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By last count, there were 48 different
online markets that I know of,

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
some are eBay clones, some
are mobile markets,

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and then you have consignment shops
and brick-and-mortar stores,

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and sneaker conventions,
and reseller sites,

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and Facebook, and Instagram, and Twitter,

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
literally anywhere sneakerheads
come into contact with each other,

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
shoes will be bought and sold.

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But that means no efficiencies,
no transparency,

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
sometimes not even authenticity.

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Can you imagine if that's
how stocks were bought?

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What if the way to buy a share
of Apple stock

198
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
was to search over 100 places
online and off,

199
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
including every time
you walk down the street

200
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
just hoping to pass someone
just wearing some Apple stock?

201
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(Laughter)

202
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Never knowing who had the best price,

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or even if the stock
you were looking at was real.

204
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That would surely make you say,

205
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[WTF?]

206
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Of course that's not how we buy stock.

207
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But what if that's not how
we need to buy sneakers either?

208
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What if the inverse is true,

209
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and what if we could buy sneakers
exactly the same way as we buy stock?

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And what if it wasn't just sneakers,

211
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it was any similar product like watches
and handbags and womens' shoes,

212
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and any collectible, any seasonal item,
and any markdown item?

213
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What if there was
a stock market for commerce?

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A stock market of things.

215
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And not only could you buy in much more
educated and efficient manner,

216
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but you could engage in all


217
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the sophisticated financial transactions
you can with the stock market.

218
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Shorts, and options, and futures,

219
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and well, maybe you see
where this is going.

220
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Maybe you want to invest
in a stock market of things.

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Because if you had invested in pair
of Air Jordan 3 Black Cement in 2011,

222
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you could either be wearing them onstage,

223
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(Laughter)

224
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or have earned 162 percent on your money.

225
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Double the S&P and 20 percent
more than Apple.

226
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(Laughter)

227
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And that's why
we're talking about sneakers.

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99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Thank you.

229
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(Applause)