[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.61,0:00:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you hear me?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.70,0:00:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Better.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.57,0:00:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, hello everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.68,0:00:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome again to DebConf, I guess.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.52,0:00:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a great pleasure to be back again \Nat one DebConf
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.44,0:00:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a great honor to be doing one \Nof the opening talks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.16,0:00:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I confess I wasn't really expecting\Nthat honor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.87,0:00:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just wanted to propose a session
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.56,0:00:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was supposed to be\Na self held sessions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.28,0:00:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for those of us that think there are\Nsome worries
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.52,0:00:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about where the free software is going\Nin general.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.76,0:00:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the role distributions have to play\Nin the current state of affairs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this talk will be about a couple of\Njourneys at once.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.22,0:00:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first journey is a journey\Nthrough emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.57,0:00:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through good feelings about what\Nwe have achieved in Free Software
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.92,0:01:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the past 15 to 20 or 30 years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.82,0:01:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on how long you've been\Ninvolved.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.01,0:01:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second journey is essentially \Nmy own journey\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.28,0:01:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through software freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.13,0:01:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the day I started discovering\NFree Software
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.87,0:01:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what I've ended up doing since then.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.28,0:01:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Starting with the positive news.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.64,0:01:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how I got involved myself\Nin free software in 1997.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.05,0:01:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand that there are people\Nin the room
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.16,0:01:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have been involved \Nsince way earlier than that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.95,0:01:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others that have been involved\Nsince way later than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.45,0:01:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's my story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.05,0:01:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you'll find ??? points\Nwith your own story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.56,0:01:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I started as a freshman in a computer\Nscience class at university of Bologna,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.36,0:01:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was a huge tiping point,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.84,0:01:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge hype point for the so-called\Nopensource movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.56,0:01:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the year the very influencial\Nessay by ??? has been published.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.40,0:01:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the year ??? Netscape decided to\Nopensource its own code.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.87,0:02:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the moment in the history of\Nfree software
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.32,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people were trying to sell\Nto the industry
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.28,0:02:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what free software was doing, and\NI'm not using that word in a bad sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.61,0:02:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was reasonable concern that\Nwithout involvement of the industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the free software movement wouldn't have\Ngot far.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.77,0:02:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they were trying to tell about free\Nsoftware in an industry-friendly way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.28,0:02:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially, the rhetoric at the point\Nwas that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.48,0:02:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you do development of software\Nin the free software way,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.96,0:02:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a more open way,\Na more participative way,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.36,0:02:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will end up having better software\Nand that by merely opening up you code
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.90,0:02:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll have these flocks of programmers\Ncoming to you project and end up helping you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.60,0:02:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years later, I realised that\NI personnaly didn't believe much in that idea:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.26,0:02:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's only because your software is open\Nthat it's gonna be better,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.73,0:02:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was a fair thing to try\Nat the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.28,0:02:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I discovered a bit later is actually\Nwhat ??? me
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.30,0:03:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was essentially the philosophy\Nof free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.34,0:03:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact that computer user should be\Nin charge and in control of their own machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.48,0:03:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that should have some basic freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.24,0:03:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know about the 4 freedoms,\NI'm not going to repeat them here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.07,0:03:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but my personal point is that\Nthe narrative of free software is something
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.96,0:03:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that resonated with me a lot at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.20,0:03:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a student, I realised that by having\Nfree software at my fingertip as a computer science student,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.72,0:03:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could debug any single layer of the software stack\Nand look at how things are going.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.80,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't have to trust the teacher on how\Nan operating system should be developed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.12,0:03:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was able to open up ??? in the linux kernel\Nand look at the actual scheduling algorithm
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.90,0:03:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was being implemented in the real kernel.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.49,0:03:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not that I really got all of it at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.56,0:03:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the possibility was just breathtaking\Nfor me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.91,0:03:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later on, I ended up distilling\Nthe main intuition of free software,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.98,0:03:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the one I used to explain\Nfree software to people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.98,0:03:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is intuition of control.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.83,0:04:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I ended up believing that the main\Nreason why I've been involved in this movement
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.36,0:04:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for about fifteen years is that I really believe\Nthat every single computer user,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.01,0:04:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's a lot of people these days,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.25,0:04:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be in control over\Ntheir own computations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.76,0:04:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything you're doing with a device\Nwhich is mediated via software
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.44,0:04:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is controled by someone,\Neither it is you or it is someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.54,0:04:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the best episode, the best narrative\Nto explain that to people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.39,0:04:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they've been using for quite a while\Nis this passage
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.79,0:04:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the novel "Makers" by Cory Doctorow
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.20,0:04:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a bit long so I'm not gonna read it in detail,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.75,0:04:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but essentially there is one character\Nof the novel which is Lester
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.76,0:04:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is explaining to another character\Nthe importance of controling
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.58,0:04:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your own devices, your own tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.37,0:04:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first example he takes is the example\Nof the hammer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.17,0:04:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a physical hammer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.84,0:04:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he goes on saying that if you own\Na hammer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.75,0:04:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially you could do\Nwhatever you want with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.98,0:04:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can use it for its main purpose,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.30,0:04:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you can use it for something\Ncompletely different
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.43,0:04:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was not meant to be its original\Npurpose but it's you that decide.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.95,0:05:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He compares that another device\Nwhich is the "Disney in a box" in the novel
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.16,0:05:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Disney in this book is the big evil\Nvillain which is oppressing people
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.77,0:05:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and essentially Disney in a box is a\Nglorified3D printer that can only print
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.13,0:05:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what Disney wants it to print for that day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.63,0:05:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One day, it will print a goofie character,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.07,0:05:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another day it will print Donald Duck,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.60,0:05:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not you who decides.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.22,0:05:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's Disney that decides what the printer\Nis gonna print for you that day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.56,0:05:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You own the device but you are\Nnot in control of what the device does.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.08,0:05:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big quote for me is that if you don't\Ncontrol your life, you're miserable.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.56,0:05:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This notion of oppression is what has\Nbeen motivating me for all these years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.16,0:05:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the fact that if you are not in control\Nof your own computation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.86,0:05:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then someone is oppressing you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.09,0:05:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone usually is the person or the company\Nor whatever that has created the software,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.59,0:05:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has the power to change that software\Ninstead of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.64,0:06:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something that really ??? me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.71,0:06:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was I doing at the time\Nwith my computer?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.44,0:06:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well I was doing pretty standard stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.05,0:06:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was using some hardware we had at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.60,0:06:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was mostly desktops and\Nlocal network servers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.06,0:06:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't have a laptop because\Nit was really expensive for a student
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.67,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I did get a laptop much later.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was doing some content production,\Nsome content consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.98,0:06:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kind of content I did produce\Nat the time was mostly
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.84,0:06:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,office suites, desktop publishing\Nand this kind of stuffs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.14,0:06:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was doing some communication, some email,\Nsome IRC, some newsgroup
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.35,0:06:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was really cool at the time\Nfor geek communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.70,0:06:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was doing some software development\Nas a newbie
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.95,0:06:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was what I was doing at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.99,0:06:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also did some content consumption,\Nsome gaming
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.94,0:06:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are arguably some content that\Nsomeone else is producing for you to consume.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.08,0:06:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was doing some web browsing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.46,0:06:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet was not as popular as it is today,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.15,0:06:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there were some websites\Nyou could find interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.16,0:06:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that situation,\Nwith this kind of computing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.56,0:07:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the actual path to software freedom\Nand to control was fairly clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.82,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was difficult, but it was fairly clear\Nto me as a new activist in free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.06,0:07:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I should have done, what we all should\Nhave done to actually liberate people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.67,0:07:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the oppression of people controling\Nour own computation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.03,0:07:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is that while you have\Na lot of pieces of proprietary software
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.95,0:07:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you do not control, what you need\Nto do is to replace
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.88,0:07:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every such a component of proprietary\Nsoftware with a free software equivalent.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.66,0:07:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using some local application, some game,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.63,0:07:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to replace it\Nwith an equivalent free game.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.05,0:07:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were using some client-server software,\Nsome mail ???, some mail client,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.16,0:07:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some mail server, some IRC client,\Nsome IRC server.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.22,0:07:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we needed to do to actually empower\Npeople and liberate people was to rewrite
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.40,0:07:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those pieces of software with free software equivalents.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.94,0:07:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was difficult, because it was a lot of stuff\Nto be rewritten, but it was fairly clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.60,0:07:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The plan was clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.84,0:08:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, luckily, we also had, at the time,\Nall the heavy lifting was already in place.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.88,0:08:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The GNU project existed ??? since\Nquite a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.57,0:08:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Linux kernel existed already\Nand it was working.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.46,0:08:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So someone else with shoulders larger\Nthan ??? I had at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.96,0:08:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had already done a lot of work for me and me
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.25,0:08:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together with other free software activists,\Nwhat I had to focus on was to rewrite
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.46,0:08:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proprietary application into equivalent\Nfree software application, possibly better.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.51,0:08:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was clear, was hard,\Nbut it was fairly clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's where, I think, the notion\Nof a free software project comes from.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.81,0:08:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use very often this term of free\Nsoftware project and never ended up
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.96,0:08:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really thinking about that before a few\Nyears ago and I think the reason why
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.32,0:08:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we call it free software project is that\Nthere is an objective.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.88,0:08:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is a mission,\Nideally a time-limited one,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.91,0:08:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that mission is writing a replacement\Nfor a proprietary application using
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.92,0:08:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free software which is as good,\Npossibly better than the original.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.34,0:09:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having a lot of free software projects\Naround gives rise to a lot of releases.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.96,0:09:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we were doing a lot at the time\Nin the 90s
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.66,0:09:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to actually manually install\Nsoftware on our own machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.09,0:09:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be fair, our lab was running\Nsome Red Hat machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.68,0:09:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time there weren't that\Nmany packages available and
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.11,0:09:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had to fairly often install stuff\Nby hand on the lab machines
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.90,0:09:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our own directories and also\Non our computers at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.03,0:09:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a procedure you all know very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.93,0:09:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You download a tarball, you run "configure",\Nyou run "make", you run "make install".
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.00,0:09:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first time I saw that, it was kind of\Na magical recipe for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.72,0:09:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just follow these steps and you will get\Nsome software to play with.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.79,0:09:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, except that every single step\Ncould fail, of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.20,0:09:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's keep aside for the moment the fact\Nthat the website might be down but,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.02,0:09:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you run "configure" and you miss some software\Nyou need to fetch from somewhere else.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.73,0:09:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You run "make", you encounter some\Ncompilation problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.79,0:09:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You run "make install", maybe the path\Nwill clash and so on and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.66,0:10:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem with this procedure for\Ninstall software we are using by hand
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.16,0:10:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you are essentially\Nconflicting roles.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.60,0:10:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're mixing together the role of\Nsoftware user,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.20,0:10:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the role of system administrator\Nand the role of software developper.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.08,0:10:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to have a little bit of all those skills\Ntogether to be able to enjoy software.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a sense, a free software which works\Nlike this is essentially a very elistist thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.16,0:10:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only an elite which have\Nall the needed skills who is able to enjoy
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.56,0:10:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the benefits of free software and is able\Nto be in control of their own computation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.08,0:10:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is essentially the reason why distributions\Nmuch earlier had been invented.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.72,0:10:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know very well here\Nwhat distributions do,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.32,0:10:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they sit in between software developpers\Nand software users and make it easy for you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.68,0:10:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually use that software.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.48,0:10:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do installer work, we create installers,\Nwe create package managers,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.75,0:11:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do all the integration work that make \Ndifferent pieces of software work well together.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.48,0:11:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We actually make life easy for final users.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.48,0:11:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for me, something that I started believing\Nis that the ultimate mission of free software
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.40,0:11:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distributions is to actually democratize\Nfree software, to enable users
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.72,0:11:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which do not have software development skills\Nor do not have system administration skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.64,0:11:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enable them to enjoy the benefit\Nof free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.96,0:11:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We offer very simple interface,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.64,0:11:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we offer the equivalent of what these days\Nare called appstores in which
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.76,0:11:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with one click, you can just install\Nsome software and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.80,0:11:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enjoy the benefit of that software,\Nin particular a free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.76,0:11:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is for me the historical mission\Nof distributions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.44,0:11:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later on, in 1998, our lab decided\Nto switch to Debian
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.92,0:11:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was really happy about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.20,0:11:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We switch from Red Hat to Debian and\NI look out about this project,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.12,0:11:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I start learning what this project does\Nand I find out that not only
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.44,0:12:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this project Debian was actually up to\Nthe mission of empowering user
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.64,0:12:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by making it easy for users\Nto use free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.98,0:12:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you read the original announcement of\NIan Murdock announcing the Debian project,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.24,0:12:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll find this notion of being competitive\Nwith proprietary operating systems
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.16,0:12:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's really clear that the point is\Nempowering users.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.40,0:12:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I end up reading about this project and\Nnot only I found their mission
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.89,0:12:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're up to is the mission I believe in,\Nbut I found out that the key intuition there
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.76,0:12:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to make the project a community project.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.68,0:12:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only the target are the users \Nand empowering them,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.28,0:12:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the way to reach that objective\Nis fostering a community
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.12,0:12:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will work together to that goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.44,0:12:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got immediately hooked,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.93,0:12:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I vividly remember the moment\Na collegue of mine, a student
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.68,0:12:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explained to me the anatomy of\Na Debian source package,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.76,0:12:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that it was a .orig.tar.gz,\Nthe fact that it was a diff.gz
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.15,0:12:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the differences with respect to upstream,\Nand all those metadata
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.88,0:12:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was really thrilling for me\Nfrom a technical point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.00,0:13:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years later, I ended up joining\Nthe nm-process.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.37,0:13:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was doing some OCaml development\Nat the time, there were some libraries,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.52,0:13:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OCaml libraries in Debian, others were\Nmissing and I said
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.44,0:13:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ok, maybe I should help and create\Nsome libraries for the project as well".
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.24,0:13:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went through nm and there are a few things\NI've learned doing nm
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.28,0:13:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also in the subsequent ten years\Nor fifteen years or so.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.84,0:13:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing I've learned in all these years in\NDebian is the importance of being principled.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.52,0:13:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Debian is a project that did not start\Nfrom only technical means
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.28,0:13:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also decided at some point that\Nthey needed some guidance,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.72,0:13:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some clear guidance of what it should\Ntechnically and what it shouldn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.24,0:13:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And an important document where we have\Ndistilled this notion are the DFSG.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.60,0:13:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Debian free software guidance
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.16,0:13:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been very influencial\Non the free software movement as a whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.32,0:13:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've been used as a base for\Nthe open source definition as you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.76,0:13:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what was very ??? for me\Nis that commitment we had in Debian
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.52,0:14:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in keeping the main archive completely\NDFSG-free, keeping it completely free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.60,0:14:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This commitment is depicted here\Nby those fearsome character
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.67,0:14:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his owner on a couch and it's mediating\Nand triggering the NEW queue, supposedly,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.80,0:14:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the NEW queue is not necessarily\Nthe best way we could implement
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.84,0:14:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system which triage all the software\Nin the archive and to ensure it's DFSG-free
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.76,0:14:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it shows our commitment to actually\Nonly follow the guidance we have set for ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.60,0:14:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was really motivating for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.76,0:14:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing I've learned and which\Nwill come handy in a bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.12,0:14:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the importance of the legal knowledge\Nand legal geeks in the free software movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.44,0:14:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like it or not, free software as an ideal\Nis philosophical mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.48,0:14:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but its main implementation is through the\Nlegal system, is through copyright licenses.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.56,0:14:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To really ??? what's happening\Nin free software in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.28,0:14:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand where the free software\Nmovement is going, figuring out and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.84,0:14:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really understand what's going on\Nin the legal system is very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.20,0:15:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Debian, we know that pretty well,\Nthat's a stumbling block for many people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.06,0:15:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when joining the Debian project.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.12,0:15:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something we insist people are at least\Nbasically familiar with and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.96,0:15:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's pretty characteristic\Nof the Debian project.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.52,0:15:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the end, what I've learned is that
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.84,0:15:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this quest that I feel very much myself\Nagainst the oppression of someone else
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.66,0:15:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,controling your own computation,\Nlaw, if you hack around it smartly,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.36,0:15:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be a very useful ally,\Na very useful device to liberate users.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.40,0:15:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time passes − there was supposed to be an\Nimage here, which for some reason disappeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.96,0:15:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, we might argue that, these days,\Nwe have achieved a lot since that moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.52,0:15:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I look around the industry or, in general,\Nif I look around computing
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.24,0:15:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as people are doing that,\Nfree software is a little bit everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.68,0:15:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the industry, there are some stats\Nthat claim that essentially
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.64,0:16:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single software product you find\Non the market has, inside of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.48,0:16:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little bit of free software code.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.54,0:16:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at all the different application\Nstacks we have
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.64,0:16:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from webservers to education to clients\Nto smartphones,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.60,0:16:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find a lot of free software, free software\Ninfrastructures that are everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.40,0:16:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are just some stats ???\Nin the recent years
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.88,0:16:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for instance if we look at one of the\Nkey target market for Debian ???
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.96,0:16:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll find out one website over ten\Non the Internet in general is running Debian.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.72,0:16:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we include also some of our most\Npopular derivatives such as Ubuntu,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.12,0:16:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll find that more than 20%\Nof the websites
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.24,0:16:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are running something which comes\Nfrom our own work.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.00,0:16:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some of the recent hype on free software\Nis coming from the Snowden revelation
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.72,0:16:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most people are starting to be concerned\Nabout what the software they're using is doing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.40,0:16:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is turning to free software and is turning\Nto stuff like Tails which is heavily Debian-based
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.68,0:17:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually see in which way we can\Nhelp them foster their own security.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.28,0:17:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some sense, we have achieved a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.68,0:17:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In everything we do in computing,\Nthere is a little bit of what we have done
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.04,0:17:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in free software and also a little bit\Nof what we have done in Debian.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.16,0:17:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is pretty impressive for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.04,0:17:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're in a place where I wouldn't have\Ndreamed being when I started in 1997.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.87,0:17:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's very impressive.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.32,0:17:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, there are some reasons\Nof concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.48,0:17:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the main thought\NI wanted to share with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.02,0:17:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some technical reasons which\Nwe discuss often in free software circles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.24,0:17:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the fact that "Ok but most of these\Nplatforms are not 100% free software".
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.84,0:17:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at smartphones for instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.76,0:17:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will find a lot of non free code every here\Nand there and the point can be made that
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.44,0:17:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either you have full control over\Nyour own computation,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.20,0:17:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you are not in control at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.60,0:17:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if your software stack is a single layer\Nwhich is controlled by someone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.21,0:18:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is mediating all your communication,\Nmaybe you're not so sure
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.52,0:18:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you are the real owner and\Nthe real controller for your own device.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.76,0:18:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a absolutely fair point.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.16,0:18:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can make some more technical points\Nabout for instance non free JavaScript.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.32,0:18:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More and more of our computations are\Nhappening in our browsers
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.86,0:18:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are happening through code which is\Ndelivered to our browser
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.68,0:18:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by remote servers and this code\Nis not free at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.16,0:18:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I absolutely agree with that but the point\NI want to focus on today is actually
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.04,0:18:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we call the cloud.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.08,0:18:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All my images are gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.16,0:18:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You had a very nice image there, sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.39,0:18:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The remaining point and my main reason of\Nconcern is what is being called the cloud.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.96,0:18:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let allow me to be a bit generic here\Nfor a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.04,0:18:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know there are very different ???\Nin what we call the cloud
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.72,0:18:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will be specific in all of them\Nin a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.32,0:18:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for now I want to focus on the \Ncommon trend that
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.72,0:18:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cloud is bringing to computing\Nthese days.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.48,0:19:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computing today, for most people, is not\Nmuch different from the kind of computing
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.96,0:19:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was doing fifteen years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.24,0:19:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the kind of computing that we do\Non very different hardware,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.12,0:19:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have way more smartphones, way more\Ntablets than in the past and that's true.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.32,0:19:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the kind of activities we do − producing\Ncontent, consuming content − is very similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.72,0:19:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big difference is the kind of\Ntechnological stack we're using
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.04,0:19:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where the computations are happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.28,0:19:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For most people today, the kind of\Noffice suites we use is no longer
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.64,0:19:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a software which is installed on \Nyour machine but it is Google Docs.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.00,0:19:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an academic myself, I'm very often\Nforced to use some Google Docs applications
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.28,0:19:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work with others, otherwise I'm free\Nnot to work with them,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.64,0:19:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's a technological choice\Nmade by someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.32,0:19:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For many people, e-mail, as you know,\Njust mean GMail.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.48,0:19:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All our e-mails, even if your not\Nusing GMail ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.29,0:19:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are passing through some GMail servers.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.68,0:20:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asynchronous communications still exist,\Nbut it is very often mediated
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.20,0:20:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to software like Skype or GTalk.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.00,0:20:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so on and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.94,0:20:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have seen this list very often.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.92,0:20:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consuming content, there as well,\Nwe are still doing gaming,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.64,0:20:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are still doing browsing but it's often\Nmediated by platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.52,0:20:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are far away from us and just stream\Ncontent to us or,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.48,0:20:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the specific case of web browsing,\Nthey are more and more often hosted
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.32,0:20:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by very few hosters in the world − which\Nwe often ??? to a walled garden −
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.24,0:20:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can do whatever they want\Nwith our content.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.04,0:20:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point here is not demonizing\Nthose services.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.96,0:20:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are using those services because\Nthey are convenient and
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.56,0:20:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a lot of network effect going on\Nthat makes it easy for other people
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.60,0:20:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start using those services.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.72,0:20:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really not the point of demonizing\Nthose services.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.20,0:20:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point here is observing that interesting\Ncomputations that we are doing
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.72,0:20:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as our job, as our life,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.32,0:20:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are no longer happening on our machines,\Nbut are happening on other machines
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.39,0:21:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are far away from us and which\Nare not under our direct control.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.64,0:21:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this context, for me, I confess, what\Nactually is the road to software freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.20,0:21:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to control, to enable people\Nto control their own computation
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.12,0:21:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is no longer clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.40,0:21:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no longer enough to say\N"Well, we just need to rewrite
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.20,0:21:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google or Facebook or Twitter\Nin free software".
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.44,0:21:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not enough, because even\Nif you do that, you have the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.96,0:21:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when you are using a server\Nyou don't know if the code it is running
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.52,0:21:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the one they claim it is running, so\Nthat's a very difficult problem to solve.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.88,0:21:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even if it were the case,\Nwhere do you deploy yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.60,0:21:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Google-like architecture,\Nor a Facebook-like architecture?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.80,0:21:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You simply can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.40,0:21:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is no longer enough to just say
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.52,0:21:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We just need to make\Nsome software development,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.32,0:21:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we just need to make it better\Nthan the alternative."
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.20,0:21:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a real tricky combination between\Nsoftware development
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.82,0:21:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and software deployment which\Nnot easy to see how to fix it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.38,0:21:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At least for me, it's very ???
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.62,0:22:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what about distros?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.14,0:22:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are distro people, doing one \Nof the most popular distro in existence.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.32,0:22:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we winning or are we losing\Nin this situation?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.40,0:22:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are we doing in terms of our efforts?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.07,0:22:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a sense, we are very much winning.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.52,0:22:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of our work is being used\Nto deploy those infrastructures.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.32,0:22:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the infrastructure\Nof the big companies are deploying
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.20,0:22:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of free software, if not direct \Non top of our very own systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.64,0:22:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe modified here and there where\Nthey need to make things better
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.56,0:22:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it is their own right\Ngiven it's all free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.40,0:22:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that sense, we're winning.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.14,0:22:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're increasing market share,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.64,0:22:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,??? are being used a lot\Nto make infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.40,0:22:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we are also losing in the sense that\Nwe are really not empowering users
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.24,0:22:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be in control of \Ntheir own computations.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.00,0:22:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If our final users are the sysadmin\Nthat are running those infrastructures,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.72,0:22:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for them we are doing great.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.36,0:22:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are making them be sure
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.92,0:22:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are in control\Nof their own infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.32,0:23:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for the final users of those services,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.96,0:23:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are really not empowering them\Nat the moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.08,0:23:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I call the free software dark ages,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.28,0:23:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an expression I actually borrowed\Nfrom [name] ??? quite inspiring,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.52,0:23:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a situation in which we win \Non the end user market
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.76,0:23:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so every single device out there\Nin the hand of people − desktop,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.68,0:23:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,laptop, even smartphones where right now\Nwe are not doing very well −
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.16,0:23:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of this is running free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.44,0:23:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of that is running Debian.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.08,0:23:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, total world domination as\Nwe were talking about a long time ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.76,0:23:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all interesting computations,\Nall the final user application
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.20,0:23:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is being used to bring on\Nwith your digital life,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.16,0:23:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are no longer happening on your devices,\Nhappening far away from you
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.04,0:23:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on computer you do not control,\Nsometime with free software,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.36,0:23:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometime with non free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.00,0:23:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in any case, outside\Nof your own control.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.44,0:23:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a sense, this is very worrysome for me\Nbecause we have this ??? we are very popular.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.64,0:24:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are winning the war − we were using a lot\Nof this war-like terminology when I started.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.60,0:24:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the war we are winning seems to become\Nincreasingly pointless
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.08,0:24:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's not being useful to actually\Nempower users to be in control
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.80,0:24:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their own computation.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.40,0:24:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make things worse, there seems to be\Nsome cultural problems that might be
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.60,0:24:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a perception of mind, maybe being\Ntoo pessimistic, but it seems to me that,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.44,0:24:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as developper communities,\Nas hacker communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.64,0:24:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are becoming way more lenient,\Nway more ???
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.96,0:24:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the lack of control on the tools and\Non infrastructure we use
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.60,0:24:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.28,0:24:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More and more often we see free software\Ndeveloped on non-free infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.88,0:24:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning infrastructures which are built\Nusing non free software
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.36,0:24:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which are anyhow centralized\Nin the hand of a few hosters.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.67,0:24:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The new generation of developpers\Nwhich is coming up
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.72,0:24:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems to be totally fine with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.32,0:25:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not gonna argue this point in much detail,\Nthere is a great essay by Mako
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.88,0:25:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I encourage all of you to read,\N"Free software needs free tools",
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.20,0:25:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which actually make couple of points.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.88,0:25:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is that by using non free software\Nto make free software,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.36,0:25:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are sending out a very bad message.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.16,0:25:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are telling to the world that\Nfree software is good for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.81,0:25:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's why we are developing it,\Nbut it's not good for us
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.56,0:25:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are using non free tools\Nto make it.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.80,0:25:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the kind of ???\Nin our advertising message,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.92,0:25:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also making the software\Nwe are creating indirectly less free,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.40,0:25:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if the favorite way to contribute\Nto that free software
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.96,0:25:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is using some non free infrastructure,\Nsome non free tools,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.32,0:25:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indirectly we're making people \Nthat only want to use free software
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.04,0:25:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less apt to contribute to that software.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.92,0:25:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I really recommend reading that essay.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.56,0:25:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also technically, we are going back\Nto a sort of a cage problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.92,0:25:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is also a problem which is called \N"the problem of the bug that noone can fix"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.68,0:25:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the FSF I think, and essentially\Nwe're creating software stacks
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.68,0:25:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which some part of it is entirely\Nfree software, that we can debug
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.48,0:26:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some other parts are non free software\Nor software run by someone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.60,0:26:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have lost the ability to debug\Nthe full stack.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.96,0:26:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was starting to learn programming,\Nthis idea that I could debug everything
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.28,0:26:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the end user I was writing myself\Nfor an assignment
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.92,0:26:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to the kernel level\Nwas just exciting for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.04,0:26:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We seem to be losing sight of this,\Na little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.80,0:26:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a second cultural problem,\Nwe seem to be losing sight of
Dialogue: 0,0:26:25.72,0:26:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much help we could get from\Nthe legal system
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.49,0:26:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from new legal solution that\Nwe might be in need of finding.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.04,0:26:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An example of that is the post open\Nsource software "POSS" debate
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.64,0:26:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which some of you might have run into.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.00,0:26:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a debate which actually observes\Nthat the new generation of
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.16,0:26:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free software developpers actually\Ndon't care about licenses.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.52,0:26:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just want to kick out their code,\Njust put it on GitHub,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:51.64,0:26:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not declaring their license at all\Nand they're just fine with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.36,0:27:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to be ??? to have\Nthe hassle of deciding first of all a license,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.21,0:27:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second of all also some governance\Nmodel for their projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.48,0:27:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just want to be hacking and doing,\Nand not caring about those annoying details.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.16,0:27:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This could be intervetedly interpreted\Nin positive ways like says that
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.76,0:27:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want the right to work on the code and\Nto do whatever we want with that by default.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.76,0:27:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do not want to be expliciting\Nwhich kind of rights we give and
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.64,0:27:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a very positive interpretation\Nof this phenomenon.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.04,0:27:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the end, for now, it is creating\Na huge bunch of code that
Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.12,0:27:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could not use as free software yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.44,0:27:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance we cannot include in Debian\Nsomething that does not have a license at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.52,0:27:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A second example is the debate about\Nthe non freeness of AGPL.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.72,0:27:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look up the history of free software,\Nthere is argument that GPL itself is not free.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.00,0:27:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an argument that was being used\Ntwenty years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.76,0:27:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the battle between copyleft and\Nliberalizing was very high, was very harsh.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.40,0:27:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's just recurring again.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.84,0:28:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe for some syntactically\Ninterpretation of our own guidance,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.16,0:28:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could make the point that something\Nlike the AGPL is non free, maybe.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.60,0:28:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the point is that the way we distribute\Nsoftware to final users is really changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:13.44,0:28:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty years ago or fifteen years ago,\Nthe main way to enable some user to use
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.36,0:28:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a piece of software was actually to make\Na copy of that software and
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.28,0:28:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give it to him or to her via the network\Nor some media.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.56,0:28:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all those ???,\Nthat kind of conveying software is clearly
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.16,0:28:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distribution and that kind of activity used\Nto trigger some sort of license ???.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.72,0:28:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, a software is no longer\Ndistributed that way, in large parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.73,0:28:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's being used over the net and something\Nlike the AGPL is the equivalent of triggering
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.80,0:28:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some licensing condition via the main way\Nof distributing,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.24,0:28:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of giving access to some software.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.60,0:28:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to enter in details in this debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.49,0:28:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are just examples, for me they are\Nexamples of the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.28,0:29:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are kind of losing faith in how much\Nthe legal system and free software
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.20,0:29:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are intertwined.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.92,0:29:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this actually mixes very badly\Nwith the situation in which
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.44,0:29:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,users are losing control because those\Ncomputations are moving away from them.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.68,0:29:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think this situation, in general,\Nis not going to fix themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.61,0:29:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we, as distribution people,\Nhave a role to play in fixing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.72,0:29:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What could be a role for Debian in all this\Ncomputing situation we have these days.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.81,0:29:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The common trend in the so called cloud\Nseems to be that computations
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.92,0:29:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are moving away from user devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.64,0:29:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot just say\N"Well just don't use anything cloudy",
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.04,0:29:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is convenient, people will want\Nto use that.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.24,0:29:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to do something different.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:41.92,0:29:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As distribution people, we could do a lot,\NI think, and I have a couple of thoughts
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.56,0:29:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to share with you that are different\Ndepending on the so called service model
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.68,0:29:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the cloud.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.80,0:29:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the first service model of the cloud\Nyou might have heard about is
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.68,0:30:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Infrastructure as a Service" (IaaS) where\Nessentially you have servers that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:00.85,0:30:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give virtual machines to people and\Nessentially you get to administer
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.76,0:30:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your own machine which is a virtual machine\Non a virtual machine server
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.68,0:30:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,controlled by someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.44,0:30:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is potentially very good for people\Nbecause it is lowering the barrier
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.28,0:30:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to have your own server.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.64,0:30:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I first set up my own server\Nwith friends, at the end of the 90's,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.32,0:30:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had to buy some machine, to find\Nsomeone kind enough to host it,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.00,0:30:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pay the hosting fees and so on\Nand so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.72,0:30:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was something that was by far not at all\Naccessible to the random user.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.32,0:30:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, a lot of people can simply go\Nto some virtual machine provider, rent
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.28,0:30:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a virtual machine with one-click button and\Nthey have their own machine to administer.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:42.36,0:30:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe they don't have the skill to\Nadminister it, that's a different problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.33,0:30:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you are definitly lowering the barrier\Nto access, to have you own server
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.68,0:30:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do your own remote computation.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.08,0:30:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Debian, we are doing pretty well\Nin this area, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.48,0:31:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're offering technology like OpenStack\Nand other competitors of OpenStack,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:00.40,0:31:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which seems to be the market leader on\Nthat market which are entirely free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.88,0:31:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think we should be investing more in\Noffering a trivial deployment experience
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.21,0:31:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Debian users.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.40,0:31:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should make trivial for people\Nto have their own virtual machine servers.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.76,0:31:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they are not computer geeks, they should\Nbe able to flock together friends
Dialogue: 0,0:31:19.44,0:31:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have system administration ability\Nand have their own local IaaS
Dialogue: 0,0:31:25.72,0:31:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have their own virtual machine without\Nhaving to rely on big hosters provided
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.92,0:31:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,virtual machines to everyone in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:33.44,0:31:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a great step to our autonomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.60,0:31:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Debian, what is the best deployment\Nexperience we can offer for people
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.72,0:31:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that want to setup their own virtual\Nmachine servers.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:44.16,0:31:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, there is another service model which\Nis called PaaS, "platform as a service".
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.16,0:31:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a kind of service model in which\Nessentially you have hosters
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.72,0:31:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of application engines, you develop\Napplication targeting
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.72,0:31:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specific application engine.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An exemple of this is Google App Engine.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think in some sense this service model\Nof the cloud is mostly orthogonal to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we do as a distribution because either\Nyou're using a full fledge distribution
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you do your own system administration,\Nor you are developping an application
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a specific application server and\Nyou rely on someone else
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do that administration.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, yes, I think it's mostly orthogonal\Nto what we do, but might also be
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a symptom that there is a reject from the\Napplication developper community,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a reject from the way they can target\Ndistributions like Debian.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if it is very difficult to have your own\Napplication running properly on Debian
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have old software, because we\Nchange libraries, because we do not accept
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiple copies of the same libraries and\Nso on and so forth,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it is too difficult for application\Ndeveloppers to target Debian,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they might be more and more tempted\Nto target applications servers like PaaS.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there might be something we could do\Nabout this, here, like finding better synergies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between containerization technology,\Nwe have some work done in Debian,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way we usually develop some,\Nwe usually maintain a distribution.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There might be something we could do\Nabout this here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, and I didn't mention this, but I have\Nno specific answer to give to you,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a train of thoughts I wanted to share\Nwith you and what we could do
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve the situation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The final service model we have in the\Ncloud, which is I think worrysome
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the point of view of user control,\Nis SaaS, Software as a Service.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, essentially your own device,\Nyour own computer only is thin client
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rely entirely on a remote server\Nto do your own computation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are back to the mainframe / thin client\Ndistinction of the early days of computing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here, there is a lot we could do,\NI think, but also a lot we could not do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, most of the work should come\Nfrom upstreams.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need better free software and federated\Nreplacement for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,popular centralized proprietary applications\Nin which users can participate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some kind of network by using\Ntheir own node.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is work that should not come from\Ndistribution itself, it should really come
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from application developpers upstream.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still, there are useful things\Nwe could do here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We already have a lot of building blocks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have stuff like Owncloud, Git-annex,\Nmediagoblin, pump.io, Yacy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a lot of good building blocks,\Nmost of them are not yet up to par
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the centralized proprietary equivalent,\Nbut I'm confident we could get there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we lack is the equivalent ease of\Ndeployment of these services on user machines.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some sense, if we have democratized\Nthe installation of software twenty years ago
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with distributions, these days, to face the\Nchallenge of control of our own computation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to make it as easy as using a\Npackage manager to install
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your own nodes using those applications.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ideally, everyone in the world without\Nnothing more than basic computer user skills
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be able to have its own machine\Nat home doing some anonymous browsing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing some mail handling, doing web hosting,\Ndoing storage calendar,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing encrypted peer to peer backup,\Nand so and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm maintaining my own mail server and it is\Na user ???, I struggle myself
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep up with the need of knowledge and\Nof surveillance that I need to make
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to my own mail server to be able to run it\Nproperly and I get blacklisted
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from time to time from providers and\Nit's a pain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something that no one without having at least\Nsome basic system administration ability
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could do properly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the thing we need,\Nthe nut we need to crack.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to empower everyone out there\Nto have its own computer with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its own node of those services.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, you are all thinking of\Nthe FreedomBox now.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a great example of a project who\Nwants to tackle precisely that problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a project that's been announced by\NEben Moglen a few years ago at a Debconf
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if my memory serves me well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's heavily based on Debian and it's doing\Nexactly that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But my question from the Debian\Npoint of view is:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe this project should not only be\Na spin-off of Debian,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should not only be a derivative distribution\Nof Debian,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe we should think at making something\Nlike this a first class citizen in Debian.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know exactly what that means yet,\Nit's something we could think about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having the main administration interface\Nfor Debian something
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that targets these specific scenarios.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could generalize that, we do not need\Nto target only specific plug devices
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people at home might have desktop\Ncomputers, might have media center.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might want something like the\NFreedomBox at home and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collaborate with others immediately.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My point here is that if our mission back\Nin the days was to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democratize free software by making it\Neasier to install free software
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on your machine, today our mission is to\Ndemocratize free software by making it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trivial to install some node of some\Nfederation of free services on your machine.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another thing we could do,\Nit is the last one for me today,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to step in the free service debate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I started looking up these arguments\Na few years back, I was surprised by
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that it's still not clear what\Nit does mean to be a free service.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I started working on free software\Nfifteen years ago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was fairly clear what does\Nfree software mean.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sure, it was some terminology debate\Nbetween free software and open source
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which still exists today,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the basic freedoms, the basic rights\Nyou should have to call something
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free and open source was fairly clear.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That kind of intellectual debate had\Nalready happened at the time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, where the problem of computations\Nmoving away from indivual user
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is raging, there is no clear consensus\Non that matter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is some great work, for instance\Nthere is the Franklin Street statement on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free network service,\NI think that's a full ???,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dating back to 2008, six years ago, in\Nwhich you find a lot of very useful
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recommendations for users, for software\Ndeveloppers and for system administrators
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure that you maximize your control\Nover your own computation on the network,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they take no stance on what it does mean\Nto be a free service.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it enough to have something which is free,\Ndo you need more specific license.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some recommendation\Non that point, but still,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are no clear answers\Nto this question.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is another work by RMS in 2010\Nabout Software as a Service or
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"service as a software substitute"\Nas he calls it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, essentially what you have is a main\Nrecommandation about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not using Software as a Service at all.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially there is a recommandation of\Ndoing your own computation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on your own machines.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that might be a generally good\Nrecommandation but it's not gonna scale,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not gonna be enough in my opinion\Nto convince people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to use very convenient services.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think we need more gradual and blurry\Nlines saying, encouraging people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep computation closer to them,\Nto rely on federation of friends of people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do computation together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we, as distribution people, could\Nmake easier for them to do so.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there is another work which is\N"Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a couple of years later, still by RMS,\Nwhich essentially tries to walk the fine line
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what's the difference between\Na pure service, so a service that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just for instance convey messages,\Nas opposed to a service which does
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computation that could have been\Ndone instead on your machine.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a very fine line to work, it's very\Ndifficult to stay there and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we might need there is a strong\Nopposition, actually, and we should try
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to replace everything which is centralized\Nwith federated equivalent and say that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we as free software people and distribution\Npeople should work in that direction.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we could do in Debian.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I think we should try to step\Nin this debate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surprisingly for me, we still have no clear\Nanswer to what it means to be a free service
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today and we have quite a bit of\Nexperience in Debian
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in leading debates in free sotfware.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have created the DFSG which is being\Nused as an example for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many other communities, we have participated\Nin the GPLv3 discussion for instance.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our decisions of free license are looked\Nup by other projects.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we might have the authority and\Nthe reputation to step in this debate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we also have a lot of technical\Nknowledge in the area.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being a distribution commited to free software,\Nwe know a thing or two not only about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,software freedom, but also about how you\Ndeploy software, how difficult it is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how difficult it should be for people\Nto deploy free software.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think we are in just the sweet spot\Nto actually enter this debate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the needed authority and make\Na contribution to actually help people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,realize what it means today\Nto use a free service.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The concluding question\NI have for you is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What's Debian take today\Non liberating users?".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would we be happy enough to have Debian\Non every machine in the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if people are using completely\Nremote services?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we were not, what should we do,\Nwhat should we be working on to change
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that future which seems very much\Nthe future that we have at hand.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pictures are gone, so there was a cloud\Non the left,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was Debian here and a sun here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LaTeX, beamer or Tikz or something\Nis playing tricks on me.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's all I have for you, I hope\NI've given you some food for thoughts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for this week and if you have any question\Nor comments in these topics,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm very much happy to hear about that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank's a lot.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There seems to be a mic which is floating\Naround down there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Q] ??? quite a lot and quite brilliantly\Nabout what cloud computing buzzwords
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean free software, but I think what important\Nbattle we are actually losing is ???
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the minds of people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Q] Why is it young developpers or\Nnewcommers to free software
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't care about software being free?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Q] Why don't they care about using non free\Ntools, why don't they care about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which license declare for their software\Nif any license is at all? and so on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Q] You mention that problem, but what do\Nwe do about it? Do you have any ideas?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Zack] Well, a friend of mine we asked\Na similar question I think once answered
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What could they say more that\N'Oh those young kids' ".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I don't know, maybe it's our fault,\Nmaybe we have failed as a generation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to convey the importance that being\Nin control of our own computation had,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe it's just that the public that\Nis open to coding and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hacking is much larger than in the past so\Nwe are reaching out other communities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very good for them to be coding because\NI think every citizen in the world need
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have basic knowledge of coding to\Nunderstand what's happening in the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe they just have different mission\Nthan we had in the past.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, very good question, I don't have\Na very good answer, sorry.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Q] Hello.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much for the wonderful talk,\NI think it's great to talk about these
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political issues and I see there's a challenge\Nbetween the sort of very individual focus
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of each person being able to use their own\Ncomputer as the wish which has its own values,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a different sort of value that\Nrelates to power structures in general.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're talking about not just how free\Nis each individual person but whether
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an entity like Twitter, Google or Facebook\Nor some these other services
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a very powerful entity that has power over\Nthe majority of us who use their services.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, I wonder if and I'd like your\Nthoughts on thinking about it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less as a "Is this software free?" but\Nabout "Who is in power in the community?"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so in a democratic sense, you could have\Nthe community that builds the tools together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as government structures or as mechanisms\Nfor handling power that make the power
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bottom-up and more democratic and maybe\Nthat's more important than
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the technical status of each\Nindividual user.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Zack] So, as a concerned citizen and also\Nas a political activist,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I very much share your concern.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we need to focus on what is in\Nreach on us as geeks in this circle
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have this kind of discussion\Nin a different circle.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as someone with activity in politics\Nand as a geek, I very much try
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually explain to politicians and\Nto activists the role of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we are doing here in very technical\Nways and the impact that it as
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on politics in general.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think the ??? the talk later on\Nthis evening might have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a thing or two to say about that as well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So from our part we need to understand it\Nin some sense even if
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we advance a lot the status quo of user\Ncontrol of technology
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we had thirty years ago.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have also started to lag behind\Nmany other areas.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something that I wanted to mention before\Nbut I fail to do so is that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was doing my computing in the\Nnineties, a lot of computations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were mediated by clearly defined\Nprotocols.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we had RFCs or equivalent documents\Nby other organisations which were like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clearly marked paths to how to collaborate\Ntechnically on the internet
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to make software talk together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a sense, that culture of interoperability\Nof protocols has actually started lagging
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind a lot with respect\Nto popular technology.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So stuff like social networks, most of them\Nexcept the good ones that free software guys
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to build like pump.io or like diaspora,\Nwell all those technologies started up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without any kind of interoperability\Nin mind.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So technically I think we need to push\Nagain on the direction of interoperability
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of protocols, and that's a technical\Ncontribution that we could do that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have an impact.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, code is law, as Lessig was saying,\Nand that would have a technical impact
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the power structures you mention.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's my thought on this matter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Q] I have an answer.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have an answer, sort of an answer\Nto the previous question.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is of course the heart of the difference\Nbetween free software and open source.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The difference between free software and\Nopen source isn't nothing at all
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not about licenses.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about goals and aims.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the past decades, many of us have\Nchosen not to pick a fight with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,open source people just for an easy life and,\Nyou know, it's always easy to have somebody
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who might share some of your goals and\Nto be able to collaborate with them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But less and less is it becoming\Nthe case that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the goals of people who are doing open\Nsource are the same as the goals
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people doing free software.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that very clearly\Nin the responses from people like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google to things like the AGPL.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are a lot of examples.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, one of the things that we can do\Nto try and bring some of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the new crop of developpers along with us\Nis to actually make it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit more of a fuss about…
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, let's not come ??? all Stallman\Nabout that,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stallman is not the best PR guy, but I think\NDebian can do a lot better than he can
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've probably got\Na lot more credibility.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And individually, we have as well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we need to do is we need to explain\Nour vision to those new developpers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who mostly are just being, you know, they\Nsee a open source marketing machine
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are something different.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Zack] Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's not need to be questions and\Nanswers, so if you have comments, feel free.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Talkmeister] I think we're running short of\Ntime and we need to take one more question.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe one last or, Stefano, one last?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Talkmeister] We can.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, one last question or comment?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Q] Just a quick comment if I may.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You talked about federated services and\Nfacebook and dropbox and that sort of thing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think maybe the issue here is less about\Nfederated services but is about identity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I have my own dropbox alike and you have\Nyour own dropbox alike,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the problem is not that the two couldn't\Ntalk to each other,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have no way of negotiation of identity\Nauthentication, access kind of problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think maybe part of the answer to your\Nquestion is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can we come up with some way of allowing\Nfederated identity management
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people in general and just us say".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Zack] I think this is very much related\Nto what I was answering before Aaron,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the sense "yes we could".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have shown in the past that we can\Ncome up with very smart protocols
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow people to technically\Ninteroperate over the net.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we are coming to late for that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those big entities which now have the power\Nto attract a lot of users to them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developped before those standard\Nthat we could have used to make
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smaller entities interoperate could\Nhave been put in place.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yes, I agree with you, there is technical\Nwork to be done but in some sense
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are late in doing that work and\Nthe question now is only
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How could we do the technical work that\Nallows us to have smaller entities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that interoperate for authentication or\Neverything else?" and also
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How do we migrate from the status quo to\Nthe ideal world that would be possible
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if those standards existed\Nin the first place?".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a sense I think we are a bit late\Nand we have twice the work to be done
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before reaching the optimal and more\Nfederated situation which I think
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would solve the problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, thanks a lot.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]