0:00:00.000,0:00:01.244 ♪ (music) ♪ 0:00:01.244,0:00:03.339 (Bryce Plank) Slavery[br]used to look like this. 0:00:03.339,0:00:04.824 Then it evolved into this. 0:00:04.824,0:00:07.057 And today, it looks like this. 0:00:07.513,0:00:11.156 In fact, there are an estimated[br]45.8 million people 0:00:11.156,0:00:12.470 living in modern slavery 0:00:12.470,0:00:15.031 across 167 different countries. 0:00:15.292,0:00:17.563 They fall into three general categories: 0:00:17.563,0:00:19.566 children held in the commercial sex trade; 0:00:19.566,0:00:21.478 adults held in the commercial sex trade; 0:00:21.478,0:00:25.952 and any other laborer made to work[br]through force, fraud, or coercion. 0:00:26.529,0:00:30.062 The trafficking victim often looks[br]like anybody else at work 0:00:30.062,0:00:32.513 in a mine, on a farm, in a factory. 0:00:32.703,0:00:35.986 Many are lured by promises[br]of a steady job in another country, 0:00:35.986,0:00:39.174 only to have their passports confiscated[br]when they arrive. 0:00:39.174,0:00:42.172 However, many slaves work[br]in their native countries 0:00:42.172,0:00:44.301 or even the cities where they were born. 0:00:44.764,0:00:46.761 According to the Global Slavery Index, 0:00:46.761,0:00:49.858 these ten countries are home[br]to the most modern slaves. 0:00:49.858,0:00:53.438 They each suffer from income inequality, [br]discrimination, and classism, 0:00:53.438,0:00:55.173 and entrenched corruption. 0:00:55.608,0:01:00.570 Number ten, Indonesia, produces[br]about 35% of the world's palm oil. 0:01:00.570,0:01:04.646 The many small palm plantations[br]present an immense challenge to inspectors 0:01:04.646,0:01:06.905 trying to crack down on child labor. 0:01:06.905,0:01:08.810 The country's many islands are also home 0:01:08.810,0:01:10.897 to tens of thousands of enslaved fishermen 0:01:10.897,0:01:14.172 trafficked from Myanmar, Laos, [br]Thailand, and Cambodia. 0:01:14.927,0:01:17.487 Number nine is the Democratic[br]Republic of Congo. 0:01:17.487,0:01:21.635 20,000 of the DRC's[br]more than 870,000 slaves 0:01:21.635,0:01:24.655 live in one of the most[br]hellish landscapes on the planet, 0:01:24.655,0:01:27.441 a vast ore mine[br]in the east of the country. 0:01:27.928,0:01:31.105 The terrorist group Boko Haram[br]gets overshadowed by ISIS, 0:01:31.105,0:01:33.053 although it kills more people. 0:01:33.053,0:01:35.287 When it comes to enslavement,[br]one of its tactics 0:01:35.287,0:01:37.816 is to give Nigerian entrepreneurs loans 0:01:37.816,0:01:41.922 and then force them to join their group [br]if they fail to repay fast enough. 0:01:42.781,0:01:43.880 Seventh is Russia. 0:01:43.880,0:01:46.923 55% of the slaves there[br]work in construction. 0:01:47.119,0:01:50.274 Foreigners are lured[br]mainly from nearby Azerbaijan, 0:01:50.274,0:01:53.151 the "stans," Ukraine, and North Korea-- 0:01:53.151,0:01:56.267 thanks to this border[br]on the far eastern edge of Russia. 0:01:56.980,0:02:01.050 The North Korean government[br]is the world's largest single slaveholder. 0:02:01.050,0:02:03.843 Not only does it force[br]more than 1 million of its people 0:02:03.843,0:02:08.010 to toil in labor camps[br]and other similarly hopeless situations, 0:02:08.010,0:02:12.175 but it actually loans out some people[br]to work in neighboring China and Russia, 0:02:12.350,0:02:14.639 then pockets most of their wages. 0:02:14.639,0:02:18.242 This exploitation generates[br]about $2.3 billion each year 0:02:18.242,0:02:19.846 for the Kim Jong-Un regime. 0:02:20.611,0:02:23.397 The fifth most enslaved country, [br]Uzbekistan, 0:02:23.397,0:02:26.179 is the world's sixth[br]largest producer of cotton. 0:02:26.179,0:02:28.046 It has benefited from forced labor, 0:02:28.046,0:02:30.730 as the government puts[br]more than 1 million people to work 0:02:30.730,0:02:35.359 using threats of debt bondage, [br]heavy fines, asset confiscation, 0:02:35.359,0:02:37.058 and police intimidation. 0:02:37.721,0:02:40.609 Slave recruiters in Bangladesh[br]promise poor families 0:02:40.609,0:02:42.709 that their boys will be given a job, 0:02:42.709,0:02:45.749 only to be enslaved[br]on a faraway island and beaten 0:02:45.749,0:02:48.505 to clean fish for up to 24 hours straight. 0:02:48.790,0:02:53.384 Often, these fish are exported as cat food[br]for our pets here in the West. 0:02:53.384,0:02:57.697 Sometimes, the boys meet a gruesome death[br]when they are eaten by tigers 0:02:57.697,0:02:59.530 while searching for firewood. 0:03:00.370,0:03:01.699 Third is Pakistan, 0:03:01.699,0:03:05.757 which has suffered through decades[br]of conflict, terrorism, and displacement, 0:03:05.757,0:03:08.912 especially along its northwestern border[br]with Afghanistan. 0:03:08.912,0:03:12.232 Its provinces have not raised[br]the minimum age of marriage, 0:03:12.232,0:03:16.641 which has allowed the widespread problem[br]of forced and child weddings to continue. 0:03:17.313,0:03:21.359 Over 250 million Chinese[br]have migrated within the country 0:03:21.359,0:03:23.062 to find better opportunities, 0:03:23.244,0:03:25.973 creating the ideal conditions[br]for human trafficking. 0:03:26.317,0:03:29.170 Each year, 58 million children[br]are "left behind" 0:03:29.170,0:03:32.961 as their parents search for work[br]in one of China's many booming cities. 0:03:33.494,0:03:37.432 Every year, up to 70,000 children[br]fall into forced begging, 0:03:37.432,0:03:40.000 illegal adoption, and sex slavery. 0:03:40.990,0:03:45.216 And number one is India, which has by far[br]the most victims of modern slavery. 0:03:45.680,0:03:47.655 While economic growth has greatly reduced 0:03:47.655,0:03:50.020 the percentage of its citizens[br]living in poverty, 0:03:50.020,0:03:55.195 the country's sheer size still results[br]in more than 270 million Indians 0:03:55.195,0:03:57.326 living on less than $2/day. 0:03:57.777,0:04:01.009 It's unsurprising then[br]that intergenerational bonded labor, 0:04:01.009,0:04:02.200 forced child labor, 0:04:02.200,0:04:04.088 commercial sexual exploitation, 0:04:04.088,0:04:05.239 forced begging, 0:04:05.239,0:04:07.633 forced recruitment[br]into nonstate armed groups, 0:04:07.633,0:04:09.176 and forced marriage 0:04:09.176,0:04:10.819 all exist in India. 0:04:11.047,0:04:13.581 The good news is that[br]the government's already created 0:04:13.581,0:04:16.124 many of the laws necessary[br]to fight the epidemic, 0:04:16.124,0:04:18.725 but the challenge is effectively[br]enforcing those laws 0:04:18.725,0:04:22.423 and tracking improvements[br]and areas of continued need. 0:04:22.938,0:04:25.897 On the flip side, these are the countries[br]rated as the ten best 0:04:25.897,0:04:27.368 at fighting modern slavery. 0:04:27.638,0:04:31.356 As you can see, no country[br]has completely eradicated the problem, 0:04:31.356,0:04:34.146 and leaders on this issue--[br]like the United States-- 0:04:34.146,0:04:36.897 can even contribute to it[br]by consuming products 0:04:36.897,0:04:40.130 that were, at some point[br]in their supply chain, 0:04:40.130,0:04:41.947 touched by slave labor. 0:04:42.446,0:04:44.476 While it can be hopeless to be a slave, 0:04:44.476,0:04:46.953 the rest of us can help[br]by raising awareness, 0:04:46.953,0:04:48.575 helping an anti-slavery group 0:04:48.575,0:04:52.094 or pressuring government officials[br]around the world to take action. 0:04:52.450,0:04:54.758 Kevin Bales, a professor[br]of contemporary slavery 0:04:54.758,0:04:58.096 and the lead author of the study[br]on which this video is based, 0:04:58.096,0:04:59.676 described to NPR's Fresh Air 0:04:59.676,0:05:03.340 one of the many instances[br]where he's seen slaves being freed. 0:05:04.344,0:05:07.297 (Dave Davies) "Can you share[br]an example of where that's worked, 0:05:07.297,0:05:09.988 where locals with the support[br]of the organization 0:05:09.988,0:05:11.584 have liberated slaves?" 0:05:11.584,0:05:13.940 (Dr. Kevin Bales) Sure.[br]I've got lots of those. 0:05:13.940,0:05:19.423 But I think the one that I most find[br]really rather thrilling, myself, 0:05:19.423,0:05:22.412 is how in Northern India,[br]more than ten years ago, 0:05:22.412,0:05:24.997 we began to work[br]with a local organization. 0:05:24.997,0:05:27.579 Those young men who had come to freedom 0:05:27.579,0:05:30.934 began to operate with our support[br]to go into other villages 0:05:30.934,0:05:32.838 where the entire village was enslaved 0:05:32.838,0:05:35.143 in hereditary slavery[br]and working in quarries. 0:05:35.521,0:05:38.949 Because they were the same ethnicity, [br]they would slip in in the evenings 0:05:38.949,0:05:41.367 and meet with people having their supper, 0:05:41.367,0:05:44.940 and they would say, "Oh, so who do[br]you work for around here? 0:05:44.940,0:05:46.550 You all work for the same person! 0:05:46.550,0:05:48.630 Oh, you're all working in the mines! 0:05:48.630,0:05:50.375 But where's the school?" 0:05:50.375,0:05:51.889 "Oh, there is no school." 0:05:51.889,0:05:55.275 And they'd start this Socratic dialogue 0:05:55.275,0:05:58.923 that would lead in time to an awakening 0:05:58.923,0:06:01.243 of an understanding of an alternative. 0:06:01.567,0:06:04.449 It's important to remember[br]when you're in hereditary slavery, 0:06:04.449,0:06:06.539 you have no notion of freedom. 0:06:06.539,0:06:11.452 But when the image and truth of freedom[br]is awakened in your mind, 0:06:12.350,0:06:14.520 people really do become unstoppable. 0:06:14.990,0:06:17.963 There would come a time[br]when those young men would say, 0:06:17.963,0:06:19.817 "I used to be in the same situation. 0:06:19.817,0:06:22.022 I used to live in a village[br]just like this one, 0:06:22.022,0:06:24.651 but now we have a school[br]and we even have a clinic, 0:06:24.651,0:06:26.520 and we have jobs" and so forth. 0:06:26.520,0:06:28.708 Then people would say, [br]"How do you get there?" 0:06:28.708,0:06:32.186 And then, what we found there[br]is that in those villages, 0:06:32.186,0:06:33.565 the women would step forward. 0:06:33.565,0:06:36.320 Even though it's a very[br]male-dominated society, 0:06:36.320,0:06:38.090 the women would step forward and say, 0:06:38.090,0:06:41.319 "We will lead this[br]even if it leads to our deaths." 0:06:41.734,0:06:45.766 Because, they would say-- [br]not to me, but to my women colleagues-- 0:06:45.766,0:06:48.680 "We don't want our daughters to be raped[br]the way we were raped 0:06:48.680,0:06:51.043 by the slaveholders, by the slavemasters." 0:06:51.043,0:06:52.629 And they would push that along. 0:06:52.629,0:06:55.391 (Bryce) You can learn more[br]about this study through the link below. 0:06:55.391,0:06:56.720 You can help spread this video 0:06:56.720,0:06:59.540 by hitting the like button[br]and sharing it with your friends. 0:06:59.540,0:07:00.620 Thanks for watching. 0:07:00.620,0:07:03.975 Until next time, for TDC, I'm Bryce Plank.