[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.47,0:00:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slavery used to look like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.26,0:00:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it evolved into this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.77,0:00:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today it looks like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.62,0:00:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there are an estimated\N45.8 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.16,0:00:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in modern slavery
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.47,0:00:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across 167 different countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.29,0:00:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They fall into three general categories:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.56,0:00:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children held in the commercial sex trade;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.57,0:00:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adults held in the commercial sex trade;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.48,0:00:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and any other laborer made to work\Nthrough force, fraud, or coercion.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.53,0:00:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trafficking victim often looks\Nlike anybody else at work
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.06,0:00:32.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a mine, on a farm, in a factory.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.84,0:00:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many are lured by promises\Nof a steady job in another country,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.09,0:00:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only to have their passports\Nconfiscated when they arrive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.11,0:00:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, many slaves work\Nin their native countries
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.17,0:00:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even the cities where they were born.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.76,0:00:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to the The Global Slavery Index,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.76,0:00:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these ten countries are home\Nto the most modern slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.86,0:00:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They each suffer from income inequality, \Ndiscrimination, and classism,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.44,0:00:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and entrenched corruption.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.61,0:01:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number ten, Indonesia, produces\Nabout 35% of the world’s palm oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.57,0:01:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The many small palm plantations\Npresent an immense challenge to inspectors
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.51,0:01:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to crack down on child labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.90,0:01:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The country’s many islands are also home
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.81,0:01:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tens of thousands of enslaved fishermen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.03,0:01:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trafficked from Myanmar, Laos, \NThailand, and Cambodia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.93,0:01:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number nine is the\NDemocratic Republic of Congo.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.49,0:01:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20,000 of the DRC’s\Nmore than 870,000 slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.64,0:01:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,live in one of the most\Nhellish landscapes on the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.66,0:01:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a vast ore mine\Nin the east of the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.93,0:01:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The terrorist group Boko Haram\Ngets overshadowed by ISIS,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.10,0:01:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it kills more people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.20,0:01:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes to enslavement,\None of its tactics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.19,0:01:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to give Nigerian entrepreneurs loans
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.82,0:01:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then force them to join their group \Nif they fail to repay fast enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.78,0:01:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seventh is Russia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.88,0:01:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,55% of the slaves there\Nwork in construction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.12,0:01:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Foreigners are lured\Nmainly from nearby Azerbaijan,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.27,0:01:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the “stans,” Ukraine, and North Korea--
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.24,0:01:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to this border\Non the far eastern edge of Russia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.98,0:02:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The North Korean government\Nis the world’s largest single slaveholder.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.05,0:02:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only does it force\Nmore than 1 million of its people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.84,0:02:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to toil in labor camps\Nand other similarly hopeless situations,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.01,0:02:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it actually loans out some people\Nto work in neighboring China and Russia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.35,0:02:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then pockets most of their wages.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.64,0:02:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This exploitation generates\Nabout $2.3B each year
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.24,0:02:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Kim Jong-Un regime.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.76,0:02:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fifth most enslaved country, \NUzbekistan,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.40,0:02:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the world’s sixth\Nlargest producer of cotton.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.18,0:02:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has benefited from forced labor,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.05,0:02:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the government puts\Nmore than 1 million people to work
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.73,0:02:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using threats of debt bondage, \Nheavy fines, asset confiscation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.36,0:02:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and police intimidation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.72,0:02:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slave recruiters in Bangladesh\Npromise poor families
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.61,0:02:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their boys will be given a job,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.71,0:02:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only to be enslaved\Non a faraway island and beaten
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.75,0:02:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to clean fish for up to 24 hours straight.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.79,0:02:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, these fish are exported as cat food\Nfor our pets here in the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.38,0:02:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, the boys meet a gruesome death\Nwhen they are eaten by tigers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.70,0:02:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while searching for firewood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.37,0:03:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third is Pakistan,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.70,0:03:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has suffered through decades\Nof conflict, terrorism, and displacement--
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.76,0:03:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially along its northwestern border\Nwith Afghanistan.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.91,0:03:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its provinces have not raised\Nthe minimum age of marriage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.23,0:03:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has allowed the widespread problem\Nof forced and child weddings to continue.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.31,0:03:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over 250 million Chinese\Nhave migrated within the country
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.36,0:03:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find better opportunities,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.24,0:03:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating the ideal conditions\Nfor human trafficking.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.32,0:03:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each year, 58 million children\Nare "left behind"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.17,0:03:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as their parents search of work\Nin the China’s many booming cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.49,0:03:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every year, up to 70,000 children\Nfall into forced begging,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.43,0:03:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illegal adoption, and sex slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.99,0:03:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And number one is India, which has by far\Nthe most victims of modern slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.68,0:03:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While economic growth has greatly reduced
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.66,0:03:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the percentage of its citizens\Nliving in poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.02,0:03:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the country’s sheer size still results\Nin more than 270 million Indians
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.20,0:03:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living on less than $2/day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.78,0:04:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s unsurprising then\Nthat intergenerational bonded labor,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.01,0:04:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forced child labor,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.20,0:04:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,commercial sexual exploitation, \Nforced begging,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.09,0:04:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forced recruitment\Ninto nonstate armed groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.63,0:04:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and forced marriage
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.18,0:04:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all exist in India.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.24,0:04:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news is that the government\Nhas already created
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.36,0:04:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of the laws necessary\Nto fight the epidemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.12,0:04:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the challenge is effectively\Nenforcing those laws
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.72,0:04:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tracking improvements\Nand areas of continued need.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.89,0:04:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the flip side, these are the countries
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.77,0:04:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rated as the ten best\Nat fighting modern slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.71,0:04:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, no country\Nhas complete eradicated the problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.36,0:04:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and leaders on this issue--\Nlike the United States--
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.15,0:04:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can even contribute to it\Nby consuming products
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.90,0:04:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were, at some point\Nin their supply chain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.13,0:04:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,touched by slave labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.45,0:04:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it can be hopeless to be a slave,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.48,0:04:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rest of us can help\Nby raising awareness,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.95,0:04:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helping an anti-slavery group,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.58,0:04:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or pressuring government officials\Naround the world to take action.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.45,0:04:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kevin Bales, a professor\Nof contemporary slavery
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.76,0:04:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the lead author of the study\Non which this video is based,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.10,0:04:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,described to NPR’s Fresh Air
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.68,0:05:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the many instances\Nwhere he’s seen slaves being freed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.38,0:05:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Dave Davies) “Can you share\Nan example of where that’s worked,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.15,0:05:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where locals with the support\Nof the organization
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.99,0:05:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have liberated slaves?”
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.58,0:05:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Dr. Kevin Bales) “Oh, sure.\NI’ve got lots of those, in fact.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.94,0:05:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think the one that I most find\Nrather thrilling, myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.42,0:05:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how in Northern India,\Nmore than ten years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.41,0:05:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we began to work\Nwith a local organization.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.100,0:05:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those young men who had come to freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.58,0:05:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began to operate with our support\Nto go into other villages
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.93,0:05:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the entire village was enslaved\Nin hereditary slavery, working in quarries.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.63,0:05:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they were the same ethnicity, they\Nwould slip in in the evenings
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.47,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would meet with people while they were having their\Nsupper
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would say, ‘oh, so who do you work for around here?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.01,0:05:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, you all work for the same person?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.55,0:05:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, you’re all working in the mines?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.63,0:05:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where’s the school?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.18,0:05:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, there is no school.’
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.70,0:05:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they’d start this Socratic dialogue\Nthat would lead in time
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.11,0:06:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an awakening of an understanding of an alternative.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.19,0:06:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s important to remember that when you’re\Nin hereditary slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.54,0:06:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have no notion of freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.54,0:06:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the image and truth of freedom is\Nawakened in your mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.31,0:06:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people really do become unstoppable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.31,0:06:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There would come a time when those young men\Nwould say,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.73,0:06:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,‘you know, I used to be in the same situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.15,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to live in a village\Njust like this one,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now we have a school\Nand we even have a clinic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.85,0:06:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have jobs and so forth.’
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.52,0:06:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then people would say, ‘how do you get\Nthere?’
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.86,0:06:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, what we found there is that in those\Nvillages,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.32,0:06:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the women would step forward even though it’s a very male dominated society.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.78,0:06:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The women would step forward and say
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.35,0:06:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will lead this even if it leads to our deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.88,0:06:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, they would say - not to me, but to\Nmy women colleagues -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.77,0:06:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,‘we don’t want our daughters to be raped the way we were raped
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.01,0:06:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the slaveholders, by the slavemasters.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.26,0:06:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they would push that along.”
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.93,0:06:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can learn more about this study through\Nthe link below
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.66,0:06:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can help spread this video
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.38,0:06:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by hitting the like button and sharing\Nit with your friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.44,0:07:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.62,0:07:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until next time, for TDC, I’m Bryce Plank.