[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.35,0:00:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you guys think?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.71,0:00:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For those who watched\NShere Khan's memorable TED talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.19,0:00:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a typical example \Nof what he describes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.32,0:00:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as "a body carrying a head,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.35,0:00:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a university professor, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.74,0:00:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might think it was not fair
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.22,0:00:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've been lined up to speak\Nafter these first two talks
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.18,0:00:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to speak about science.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.77,0:00:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't move my body to the beat,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.27,0:00:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after a scientist\Nwho became a philosopher,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.18,0:00:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to talk about hard science.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.13,0:00:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be a very dry subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.15,0:00:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, I feel honored.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.68,0:00:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never in my career,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.46,0:00:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's been a long career,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.02,0:00:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have I had the opportunity to start a talk
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.26,0:00:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeling so inspired, like this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.26,0:00:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually, talking about science
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.14,0:00:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is like exercising in a dry place.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.28,0:00:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, I've had the pleasure
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.52,0:01:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being invited to come here\Nand talk about water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.88,0:01:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The words "water" and "dry"\Ndo not match, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.43,0:01:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is even better to talk about\Nwater in the Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.92,0:01:15.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the splendid cradle \Nof life, right? Fresh life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.95,0:01:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is what inspired me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.03,0:01:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why I'm here,\Nalthough I'm carrying
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.23,0:01:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my head over here, sort of,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.14,0:01:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am trying, or will try to convey\Nthis inspiration.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.24,0:01:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope this story will inspire you\Nand that you'll spread the word.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.32,0:01:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that there is controversy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.64,0:01:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Amazon is the "lung of the world,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.94,0:01:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of its massive power\Nto have vital gases exchanged
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.43,0:01:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the forest and the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.24,0:01:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also hear about\Nthe storehouse of biodiversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.34,0:01:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While many believe it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.65,0:01:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,few know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.20,0:01:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go out there, in that marsh,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.08,0:02:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll be amazed at the...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.91,0:02:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can barely see the animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.96,0:02:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Indians say, "The forest\Nhas more eyes than leaves."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.01,0:02:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is true, and I will try\Nto show you something.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.99,0:02:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today, I'm going to use\Na different approach,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.17,0:02:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that, inspired by these\Ntwo initiatives here,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.19,0:02:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a harmonic and a philosophical one,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.87,0:02:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll try to use an approach\Nthat's slightly materialistic,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.100,0:02:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also attempts to convey\Nthat, in nature, there is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.22,0:02:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extraordinary philosophy and harmony.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.31,0:02:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There'll be no music in my presentation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.27,0:02:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I hope you'll all notice the music\Nof the reality I'm going to show you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.49,0:02:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk about physiology --\Nnot about lungs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.11,0:02:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but other analogies with human physiology,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.64,0:02:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially the heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.74,0:02:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll start...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.13,0:02:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by thinking that water is like blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.50,0:02:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The circulation in our body\Ndistributes fresh blood,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.35,0:03:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which feeds, nurtures, and supports us,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.96,0:03:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and brings the used blood back\Nto be renewed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.34,0:03:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Amazon, things happen similarly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.66,0:03:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll start by talking about\Nthe power of all these processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.77,0:03:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an image
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.39,0:03:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of rain in motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.20,0:03:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see there\Nis the years passing in seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.21,0:03:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rains all over the world.\NWhat do you see?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.16,0:03:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The equatorial region, in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.02,0:03:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Amazon specifically,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.88,0:03:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is extremely important\Nfor the world's climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.75,0:03:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a powerful engine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.92,0:03:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is an intense evaporation\Ntaking place here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.21,0:03:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we take a look at this other image,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.83,0:03:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which shows the water vapor flow...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.62,0:03:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have dry air in black,\Nmoist air in grey,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.80,0:03:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and clouds in white.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.23,0:03:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see there is an extraordinary\Nresurgence in the Amazon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.91,0:04:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What phenomenon -- if it's not a desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.03,0:04:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what phenomenon makes water\Ngush from the ground into the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.28,0:04:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with such power \Nthat it can be seen from space?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.36,0:04:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What phenomenon is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.90,0:04:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be a geyser.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.77,0:04:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A geyser is underground water\Nheated by magma,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.56,0:04:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exploding into the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.100,0:04:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transferring this water \Ninto the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.67,0:04:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are no geysers in the Amazon,\Nunless I am wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.53,0:04:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know of any.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.50,0:04:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have something\Nthat plays the same role,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.91,0:04:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with much more elegance:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.30,0:04:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the trees, our good old friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.19,0:04:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, like geysers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.01,0:04:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transfer an enormous amount of water\Nfrom the ground into the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.09,0:04:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 600 billion trees\Nin the Amazon forest, 600 billion geysers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.78,0:04:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is done with\Nan extraordinary sophistication.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.65,0:04:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't need the heat of magma.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.29,0:05:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They use sunlight to do this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.26,0:05:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in a typical sunny day in the Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.79,0:05:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big tree manages\Nto transfer 1,000 liters of water
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.72,0:05:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during its transpiration.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.03,0:05:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1000 liters.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.45,0:05:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we take all the Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.64,0:05:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a very large area,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.50,0:05:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and add it up to all that water\Nthat is released by transpiration,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.58,0:05:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the sweat of the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.29,0:05:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll get to an incredible number:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.98,0:05:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 billion metric tons of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.78,0:05:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, in one day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.38,0:05:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know how much that is?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.56,0:05:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Amazon River,\Nthe largest river on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.12,0:05:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one fifth of all the fresh water
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.70,0:05:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that leaves the continents of the\Nwhole world and ends up in the oceans,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.15,0:05:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dumps 17 billion metric tons\Nof water a day in the Atlantic Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.04,0:05:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This river of vapor
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.44,0:05:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that comes up from the forest\Nand goes into the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.57,0:05:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is greater than the Amazon River.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.31,0:05:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to give you an idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.19,0:05:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could take a gigantic kettle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.74,0:05:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that you could plug into\Na power socket, an electric one,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.64,0:06:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put those 20 billion\Nmetric tons of water in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.14,0:06:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much power would you need\Nto have this water evaporated?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.49,0:06:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any idea? A really big kettle.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.25,0:06:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A gigantic kettle, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.43,0:06:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50 thousand Itaipus.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.52,0:06:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Itaipu is still the largest\Nhydroelectric plant in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.26,0:06:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Brazil is very proud of it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.94,0:06:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it provides\Nmore than 30% of the power
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.14,0:06:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is consumed in Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.09,0:06:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Amazon is here,\Ndoing this for free.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.78,0:06:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a vivid and extremely powerful plant,\Nproviding environmental services.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.05,0:06:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Related to this subject,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.61,0:06:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are going to talk about\Nwhat I call the “Paradox of Chance”,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.60,0:06:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is curious.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.76,0:06:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the world map --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.48,0:06:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's easy to see this --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.84,0:06:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see that there are forests\Nin the equatorial zone,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.90,0:06:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and deserts are organized\Nat 30º north latitude,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.12,0:06:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30º south latitude, aligned.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.20,0:06:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look over there, in the southern\Nhemisphere, the Atacama;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.24,0:06:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namibia and Kalahari in Africa;\Nthe Australian desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.84,0:07:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the northern hemisphere,\Nthe Sahara, Sonoma, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.99,0:07:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is an exception, and it's curious:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.43,0:07:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the quadrangle that ranges from\NCuiabá to Buenos Aires,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.52,0:07:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from São Paulo to the Andes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.32,0:07:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This quadrangle\Nwas supposed to be a desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.44,0:07:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's on the line of deserts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.75,0:07:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why isn't it a desert? That's why\NI call it the “Paradox of Chance”.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.01,0:07:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do we have in South America\Nthat is different?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.28,0:07:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could use the analogy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.45,0:07:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the blood circulating in our bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.58,0:07:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the water\Ncirculating in the landscape,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.66,0:07:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see that rivers are veins,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.79,0:07:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they drain the landscape,\Nthey drain the tissue of nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.33,0:07:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are the arteries?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.29,0:07:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any guess?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.32,0:07:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What takes...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.14,0:07:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does water get to irrigate\Nthe tissues of nature
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.40,0:07:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bring everything back through rivers?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.58,0:07:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a new type of river,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.61,0:08:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which originates in the blue sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.90,0:08:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which flows through the green ocean --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.25,0:08:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it not only flows, but it is also\Npumped by the green ocean --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.24,0:08:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it falls on our land.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.30,0:08:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All our economy, that quadrangle,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.51,0:08:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70% of South America's GDP\Ncomes from that area.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.04,0:08:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It depends on this river.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.68,0:08:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This river invisibly flows above us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.73,0:08:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are floating here\Non this floating hotel,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.92,0:08:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on one of the largest rivers on Earth,\Nthe Negro River.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.87,0:08:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a bit dry and rough,\Nbut we are floating here,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.26,0:08:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is this\Ninvisible river running above us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.35,0:08:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This river has a pulse.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.52,0:08:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here it is, pulsing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.94,0:08:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why we also talk about the heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.33,0:08:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the different seasons there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.46,0:08:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's the rainy season... In the Amazon,\Nwe used to have two seasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.82,0:08:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the humid season\Nand an even more humid season.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.04,0:08:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we have a dry season.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.96,0:08:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the river covering that region
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.67,0:08:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, otherwise, would be a desert.\NAnd it is not.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.63,0:09:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We, scientists...\NYou see that I'm struggling here
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.15,0:09:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take my head\Nfrom one side to the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.63,0:09:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists study how it works, why, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.03,0:09:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these studies\Nare generating a series of discoveries,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.72,0:09:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are absolutely fabulous,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.29,0:09:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to raise our awareness of the wealth,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.28,0:09:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the complexity,\Nand the wonder that we have,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.67,0:09:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the symphony we have in this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.65,0:09:29.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of them is: How is rain formed?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.100,0:09:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Above the Amazon, there is clean air,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.52,0:09:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as there is clean air above the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.44,0:09:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blue sea has clean air above it\Nand forms pretty few clouds;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.49,0:09:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's almost no rain there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.95,0:09:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The green ocean has the same clean air,\Nbut forms a lot of rain.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.37,0:09:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is happening here that is different?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.75,0:09:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The forest emits smells,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.42,0:09:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these smells are condensation nuclei,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.36,0:09:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which form drops in the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.62,0:09:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, clouds are formed\Nand there is torrential rain.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.50,0:10:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sprinkler of the Garden of Eden.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.90,0:10:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This relation between a living thing,\Nwhich is the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.71,0:10:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a non-living thing,\Nwhich is the atmosphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.86,0:10:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is ingenious in the Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.13,0:10:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the forest provides\Nwater and seeds,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.46,0:10:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the atmosphere forms the rain\Nand gives water back,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.45,0:10:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guaranteeing the forest's survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.42,0:10:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are other factors as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.95,0:10:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've talked a little about the heart,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.34,0:10:30.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's now talk about\Nanother function: the liver!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.65,0:10:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When humid air, high humidity\Nand radiation are combined
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.72,0:10:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this organic material,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.78,0:10:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I call “exogenous vitamin C”,\Ngenerous vitamin C in the form of gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.49,0:10:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plants release antioxidants
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.32,0:10:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which react with pollutants.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.64,0:10:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can rest assured
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.04,0:10:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you are breathing the purest air\Non Earth, here in the Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.54,0:10:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the plants take care\Nof this characteristic as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.04,0:10:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This benefits the way plants work,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.66,0:11:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is another ingenious cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.72,0:11:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speaking of fractals,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.57,0:11:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their relation with the way we work,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.90,0:11:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can establish other comparisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.49,0:11:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As in the upper airways of our lungs,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.02,0:11:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the air in the Amazon\Ngets clean up from the excess of dust.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.74,0:11:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dust in the air that we breathe\Nis cleaned by our airways.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.71,0:11:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This keeps the excess of dust\Nfrom affecting the rainfall.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.53,0:11:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When there are fires in the Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.17,0:11:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the smoke stops the rain, \Nit stops raining,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.22,0:11:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the forest dries up and catches fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.43,0:11:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is another fractal analogy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.06,0:11:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the in veins and arteries,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.01,0:11:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rain water is a feedback.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.80,0:11:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It returns to the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.83,0:11:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like endocrinal glands and hormones,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.12,0:11:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are those gases\Nwhich I told you about before,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.86,0:11:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are formed and released\Ninto the atmosphere, like hormones,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.50,0:11:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which help in the formation of rain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.49,0:11:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the liver and the kidneys,\Nas I've said: cleaning the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.44,0:12:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, finally, like the heart:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.23,0:12:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pumping water from outside, from the sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.31,0:12:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.18,0:12:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call it "The Biotic Moisture Pump,"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.58,0:12:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new theory that is explained\Nin a very simple way.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.73,0:12:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there is a desert in the continent
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.39,0:12:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a nearby sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.48,0:12:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evaporation's greater on the sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.31,0:12:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it sucks the air above the desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.28,0:12:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The desert is trapped in this condition.\NIt will always be dry.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.76,0:12:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have\Nthe opposite situation, a forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.53,0:12:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the evaporation, as we showed,\Nis much greater, because of the trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.27,0:12:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this cycle is reversed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.98,0:12:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The air above the sea\Nis sucked into the continent
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.33,0:12:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and humidity is imported.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.18,0:12:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This satellite image\Nwas taken one month ago --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.68,0:12:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's Manaus down there,\Nwe're down there --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.06,0:12:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it shows this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.42,0:12:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a common little river,\Nthat flows into a canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.46,0:12:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a mighty river\Nthat irrigates South America,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.19,0:13:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,among other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.02,0:13:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This image shows those paths,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.33,0:13:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the hurricanes\Nthat have been recorded.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.64,0:13:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that, in the red square,\Nthere hardly are any hurricanes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.21,0:13:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is no accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.79,0:13:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This pump that sucks\Nthe moisture into the continent
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.25,0:13:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also speeds up the air above the sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.48,0:13:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this prevents hurricane formations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.05,0:13:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To close this part and summing up,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.64,0:13:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to talk about\Nsomething a little different.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.26,0:13:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have several colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.22,0:13:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who worked in the development\Nof these theories.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.71,0:13:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They think, and so do I,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.34,0:13:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can save planet Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.94,0:13:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not talking only about the Amazon.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.68,0:13:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Amazon teaches us a lesson
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.81,0:13:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how pristine nature works.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.84,0:13:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't understand\Nthese processes before
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.25,0:13:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the rest of the world\Nis messed up.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.09,0:13:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could understand it here, though.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.99,0:13:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These colleagues propose\Nthat, yes, we can,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.37,0:14:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,save other areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.08,0:14:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including deserts.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.17,0:14:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could establish forests\Nin those other areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.60,0:14:07.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can reverse climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.71,0:14:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including global warming.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.32,0:14:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a dear colleague in India,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.54,0:14:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose name's Suprabha Seshan,\Nand she has a motto.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.61,0:14:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her motto is,\N"Gardening back the biosphere",
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.25,0:14:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Reajardinando a biosfera", in Portuguese.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.29,0:14:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She does wonderful job\Nrebuilding ecosystems.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.28,0:14:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.85,0:14:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having closed this quick introduction,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.04,0:14:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see the reality that we have out here,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.62,0:14:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is drought, this climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.63,0:14:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that we already knew.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.52,0:14:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to tell you a short story.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.65,0:14:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once, about four years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.28,0:14:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I attended a declamation,\Nof a text by Davi Copenaua,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.17,0:14:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a wise representative\Nof the Ianomâmi people,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.27,0:14:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it went more or less like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.46,0:15:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Doesn't the white man know
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.09,0:15:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, if he destroys the forest,\Nthere will be no more rain?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.48,0:15:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that, if there's no more rain,\Nthere'll be no drinking water,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.59,0:15:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or food?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.46,0:15:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I heard that and my eyes welled up
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.14,0:15:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I went, "Oh, my!
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.59,0:15:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been studying this for 20 years,\Nwith a super computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.90,0:15:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dozens, thousands of scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.03,0:15:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are starting to get to this\Nconclusion, which he already knows!
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.71,0:15:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A critical point is the Ianomâmi\Nhave never deforested.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.75,0:15:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How could they know the rain would end?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.38,0:15:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This bugged me and I was befuddled.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.33,0:15:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How could he know that?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.77,0:15:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some months later,\NI met him at another event and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.54,0:15:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Davi, how did you know that if the forest\Nwas destroyed, there'd be no more rain?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.34,0:15:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He replied:\N"The spirit of the forest told us."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.16,0:15:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, this was a game changer,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.74,0:15:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a radical change.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.45,0:15:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said: "Gosh!
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.87,0:16:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why am I doing all this science,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.10,0:16:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get to a conclusion\Nthat he already knows?"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.17,0:16:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, something \Nabsolutely critical hit me,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.17,0:16:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.70,0:16:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seeing is believing.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.93,0:16:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Out of sight, out of [mind]." Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.14,0:16:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a need the previous speaker\Npointed out:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.93,0:16:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to see things --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.71,0:16:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we, western society,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.90,0:16:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is becoming global, civilized --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.26,0:16:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.66,0:16:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't see,\Nwe don't register the information.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.19,0:16:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in ignorance.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.93,0:16:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I make this proposal --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.82,0:16:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course, the astronomers\Nwouldn't like the idea --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.27,0:16:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but let's turn the Hubble telescope\Nupside down.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.13,0:16:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's make it look down here,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.55,0:16:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than to the far reaches\Nof the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.80,0:16:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe is wonderful,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.54,0:16:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have a practical reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.91,0:17:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is we live in an unknown cosmos,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.73,0:17:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're ignorant about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.12,0:17:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're trampling on this wonderful cosmos
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.79,0:17:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shelters us and houses us.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.83,0:17:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talk to any astrophysicist.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.49,0:17:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Earth is a statistical improbability.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.78,0:17:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stability and comfort that we enjoy,\Ndespite the droughts of the Negro River,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.98,0:17:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the heat, and cold,\Nand typhoons, etc.,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.94,0:17:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is nothing like it in the universe,\Nthat we know of.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.67,0:17:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, let's turn Hubble in our direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.92,0:17:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's look at the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.43,0:17:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with the Amazon!
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.54,0:17:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's dive,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.92,0:17:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's reach out the reality\Nwe live in every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.47,0:17:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and look carefully at it,\Nsince that's what we need.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.69,0:17:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Davi Copenaua doesn't need this.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.62,0:17:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has something already\Nthat I think I missed.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.77,0:17:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was educated by television.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.68,0:17:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that I missed this,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.59,0:17:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an ancestral record,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.48,0:17:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a valuation of what I don't know,\Nwhat I haven't seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.86,0:17:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is no "doubting Thomas."
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.99,0:18:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He believes, \Nwith veneration and reverence,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.19,0:18:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what his ancestors\Nand the spirits taught him.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.56,0:18:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't do it,\Nso let's look into the forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.34,0:18:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even with Hubble up there --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.54,0:18:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a birds'-eye view, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.89,0:18:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even when this happens,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.76,0:18:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also see something that we don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.86,0:18:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish called it "the green inferno."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.15,0:18:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go out there,\Nand go into the bushes, and get lost,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.02,0:18:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, let's say, if you head west,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.26,0:18:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's 550 miles to Colombia,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.22,0:18:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and another 600 miles to somewhere else.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.16,0:18:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you can figure out\Nwhy they called it the green inferno.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.31,0:18:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But go and look at what is in there.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.56,0:18:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a live carpet.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.05,0:18:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each color you see is a tree species.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.35,0:18:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each tree, each tree top,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.14,0:18:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has up to 10,000 species of insects on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.69,0:18:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone the millions of species\Nof fungi, bacteria, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.75,0:18:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All invisible.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.40,0:18:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of it is an even stranger cosmos to us
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.64,0:18:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the galaxies billions\Nof light years away from the Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.55,0:18:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which Hubble brings\Nto our newspapers everyday.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.98,0:19:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to end my talk here --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.85,0:19:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a few seconds left --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.66,0:19:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by showing you this wonderful being.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.71,0:19:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we see the Morpho butterfly\Nin the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.60,0:19:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we feel like someone's left\Nthe door to heaven open,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.43,0:19:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this creature escaped from there,\Nbecause it's so beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.63,0:19:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, I cannot close
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.02,0:19:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without showing you a tech side.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.55,0:19:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are tech-arrogant.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.76,0:19:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We deprive nature of its technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.05,0:19:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A robotic hand is technological,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.77,0:19:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mine is biological,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.15,0:19:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't think about it anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.91,0:19:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's then look at the Morpho butterfly,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.02,0:19:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an example of an invisible\Ntechnological competence of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.46,0:19:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is at the very heart of our\Npossibility of surviving on this planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.08,0:19:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's zoom in on it.\NAgain, Hubble is there.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.35,0:19:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's get into the butterfly's wings.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.26,0:19:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scholars have tried to explain:\NWhy is it blue?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.46,0:19:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's zoom in on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.94,0:19:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see is that the architecture\Nof the invisible humiliates
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.01,0:20:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best architects in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.04,0:20:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this on a tiny scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.44,0:20:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Besides its beauty and functioning,\Nthere is another side to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.97,0:20:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.84,0:20:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all that is organized in extraordinary\Nstructures has a function.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.53,0:20:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This function, of the Morpho butterfly --\Nit is not blue,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.02,0:20:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it does not have blue pigments.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.67,0:20:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has photonic crystals on its surface --\Naccording to people who studied it --
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.72,0:20:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are extremely \Nsophisticated crystals.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.75,0:20:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our technology had\Nnothing like that at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.43,0:20:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hitachi has now made a monitor
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.21,0:20:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that uses this technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.56,0:20:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is used in optical fibers\Nto transmit...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.94,0:20:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Janine Banes, who's been here several\Ntimes, talks about it: Biomimetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.35,0:20:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My time's up.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.70,0:20:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, I'll wrap it up with\Nwhat is at the base of this capacity,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.01,0:20:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this competence of biodiversity,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.58,0:20:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,producing all these wonderful services:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.01,0:20:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The living cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.91,0:20:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a structure with a few microns,\Nwhich is an internal wonder.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.43,0:21:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are TED talks about it,\NI won't talk much longer,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.45,0:21:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but each person in this room,\Nincluding myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.63,0:21:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has 100 trillions of these\Nmicromachines in their body,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.32,0:21:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can enjoy this well-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.16,0:21:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what is out there\Nin the Amazon forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.92,0:21:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 trillions. This is greater\Nthan the number of stars in the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.93,0:21:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are not aware of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.98,0:21:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much. (Applause)