[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.00,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hindus say, "Nada brahma,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.00,0:00:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one translation of which is, "The world is sound."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you are, in fact, a chord --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each of you an individual chord.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One definition of health may be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that chord is in complete harmony.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your ears can't hear that chord;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incidentally, we see just one octave.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They work even when you sleep.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The smallest sound you can perceive
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The loudest sound you can hear
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a trillion times more powerful than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ears are made not for hearing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for listening.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Listening is an active skill,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a relationship with sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,places you can listen from?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are two of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reductive listening is listening "for."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It reduces everything down to what's relevant
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it discards everything that's not relevant.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men typically listen reductively.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he's saying, "I've got this problem."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the way we talk, right guys?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Expansive listening, on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is listening "with," not listening "for."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got no destination in mind --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just enjoying the journey.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women typically listen expansively.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly both talking at the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice expansive listening,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can transform your relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is noise, surrounding us all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Noise like this, according to the European Union,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is reducing the health and the quality of life
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 25 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the population of Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two percent of the population of Europe --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's 16 million people --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are having their sleep devastated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by noise like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Noise kills
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200,000 people a year in Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a really big problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks a bit like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trouble with widespread headphone use
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it brings three really big health issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"schizophonia."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.00,0:02:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a dislocation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what you see and what you hear.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're inviting into our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the voices of people who are not present with us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there's something deeply unhealthy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about living all the time in schizophonia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second problem that comes with headphone abuse
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is compression.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We squash music to fit it into our pocket
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a cost attached to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do hope that some of you at least
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can hear the difference between those two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a cost of compression.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're having to imagine it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.00,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not good for you in the long run.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third problem with headphones is this: deafness --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noise-induced hearing disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but really worryingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,16 percent --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roughly one in six -- of American teenagers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a result of headphone abuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One study at an American university
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found that 61 percent of college freshmen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had damaged hearing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a result of headphone abuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that's a really serious problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pass these on to your children, please.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professional hearing protectors are great;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I use some all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because quality means you don't have to have it so loud.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's too loud.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thirdly, if you're in bad sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protect your ears in that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WWB:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wind, water, birds --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stochastic natural sounds
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,composed of lots of individual random events,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of it very healthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of it sound that we evolved to over the years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Silence is beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Elizabethans described language
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as decorated silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I urge you to move away from silence with intention
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to design soundscapes just like works of art.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's fun to get into designing with sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sound design is the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.00,0:05:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight ways sound can improve health.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also now being used to treat cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sound healing is a wonderful modality.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been around for thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do urge you to explore this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are great things being done there, treating now autism,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dementia and other conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it's music that's made with good intention,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made with love, generally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are all sorts of types of music
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are very healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And four modalities where you need to take some action
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, listen consciously.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, get in touch with making some sound --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The voice is the instrument we all play,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn to sing, learn to play an instrument.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can do this in groups as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make music and sound in a group of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whichever style you enjoy particularly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at home and at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's start to speak up
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people are assailing us
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the noise that I played you early on.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve your health with sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.00,0:06:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we all start doing these things,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will take a very big step in that direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I urge you to take that path.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wish you sound health.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)