[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.100,0:00:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every weekend for as long\Nas I can remember,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.75,0:00:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my father would get up on a Saturday,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.60,0:00:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put on a worn sweatshirt
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.16,0:00:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he'd scrape away
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.34,0:00:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the squeaky old wheel\Nof a house that we lived in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.68,0:00:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wouldn't even call it restoration;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.49,0:00:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a ritual, catharsis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.91,0:00:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would spend all year\Nscraping paint with this old heat gun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.29,0:00:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a spackle knife,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.56,0:00:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he would repaint\Nwhere he scraped,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.66,0:00:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only to begin again the following year.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.05,0:00:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scraping and re-scraping,\Npainting and repainting:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.69,0:00:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the work of an old house\Nis never meant to be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.59,0:00:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The day my father turned 52,\NI got a phone call.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.94,0:00:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mother was on the line
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.39,0:00:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell me that doctors had found\Na lump in his stomach --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.15,0:00:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terminal cancer, she told me,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.20,0:00:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he had been given\Nonly three weeks to live.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.27,0:00:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I immediately moved home\Nto Poughkeepsie, New York,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.81,0:00:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sit with my father on death watch,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.25,0:01:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not knowing what the next days\Nwould bring us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.53,0:01:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To keep myself distracted,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.92,0:01:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I rolled up my sleeves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.70,0:01:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I went about finishing\Nwhat he could now no longer complete --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.63,0:01:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the restoration of our old home.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.67,0:01:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When that looming three-week deadline came
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.73,0:01:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then went,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.91,0:01:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was still alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.90,0:01:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at three months,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.41,0:01:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he joined me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.90,0:01:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We gutted and repainted the interior.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.60,0:01:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At six months, the old windows\Nwere refinished,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.92,0:01:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at 18 months,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.24,0:01:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rotted porch was finally replaced.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.58,0:01:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was my father,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.43,0:01:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standing with me outside,\Nadmiring a day's work,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.70,0:01:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hair on his head, fully in remission,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.73,0:01:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he turned to me and he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.98,0:01:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know, Michael,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.17,0:01:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this house saved my life."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.97,0:01:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the following year, I decided\Nto go to architecture school.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.17,0:01:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.93,0:01:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there, I learned\Nsomething different about buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.07,0:01:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recognition seemed to come
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.73,0:02:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those who prioritized\Nnovel and sculptural forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.30,0:02:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like ribbons, or ...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.51,0:02:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pickles?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.70,0:02:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.87,0:02:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think this\Nis supposed to be a snail.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.53,0:02:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something about this bothered me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.97,0:02:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why was it that the best architects,\Nthe greatest architecture --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.94,0:02:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all beautiful and visionary\Nand innovative --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.08,0:02:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also so rare,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.27,0:02:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seems to serve so very few?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.72,0:02:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more to the point:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.24,0:02:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all of this creative talent,\Nwhat more could we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.56,0:02:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just as I was about to start\Nmy final exams,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.89,0:02:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I decided to take a break\Nfrom an all-nighter
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.02,0:02:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go to a lecture by Dr. Paul Farmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.51,0:02:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a leading health activist\Nfor the global poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.53,0:02:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was surprised to hear a doctor\Ntalking about architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.34,0:02:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buildings are making\Npeople sicker, he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.85,0:02:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the poorest in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.66,0:02:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is causing epidemic-level problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.92,0:03:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this hospital in South Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.58,0:03:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,patients that came in\Nwith, say, a broken leg,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.78,0:03:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to wait in this unventilated hallway,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.40,0:03:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walked out with a multidrug-resistant\Nstrand of tuberculosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.29,0:03:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simple designs for infection control\Nhad not been thought about,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.94,0:03:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people had died because of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.01,0:03:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Where are the architects?" Paul said.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.69,0:03:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If hospitals are making people sicker,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.72,0:03:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where are the architects and designers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.64,0:03:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help us build and design\Nhospitals that allow us to heal?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.49,0:03:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That following summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.15,0:03:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in the back of a Land Rover\Nwith a few classmates,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.98,0:03:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bumping over the mountainous\Nhillside of Rwanda.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.96,0:03:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the next year, I'd be living in Butaro\Nin this old guesthouse,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.96,0:03:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a jail after the genocide.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.97,0:03:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was there to design and build\Na new type of hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.91,0:03:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Dr. Farmer and his team.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.96,0:03:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If hallways are making patients sicker,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.12,0:04:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we could design a hospital\Nthat flips the hallways on the outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.90,0:04:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and makes people walk in the exterior?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.24,0:04:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If mechanical systems rarely work,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.64,0:04:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we could design a hospital\Nthat could breathe
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.24,0:04:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through natural ventilation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.14,0:04:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and meanwhile reduce\Nits environmental footprint?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.31,0:04:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what about the patients' experience?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.89,0:04:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evidence shows\Nthat a simple view of nature
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.23,0:04:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can radically improve health outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.75,0:04:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why couldn't we design a hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.84,0:04:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where every patient\Nhad a window with a view?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.58,0:04:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simple, site-specific designs\Ncan make a hospital that heals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.76,0:04:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Designing it is one thing;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.57,0:04:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting it built, we learned,\Nis quite another.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.62,0:04:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worked with Bruce Nizeye,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.33,0:04:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a brilliant engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.86,0:04:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he thought about\Nconstruction differently
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.01,0:04:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than I had been taught in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.46,0:04:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we had to excavate\Nthis enormous hilltop
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.81,0:04:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a bulldozer was expensive\Nand hard to get to site,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.76,0:04:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bruce suggested doing it by hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.31,0:04:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using a method in Rwanda called "Ubudehe,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.01,0:05:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means "community works\Nfor the community."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.08,0:05:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hundreds of people came\Nwith shovels and hoes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.01,0:05:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we excavated that hill
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.82,0:05:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in half the time and half\Nthe cost of that bulldozer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.33,0:05:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of importing furniture,\NBruce started a guild,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.29,0:05:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he brought in\Nmaster carpenters to train others
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.72,0:05:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in how to make furniture by hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.50,0:05:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on this job site,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.10,0:05:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15 years after the Rwandan genocide,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.33,0:05:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bruce insisted that we bring on\Nlabor from all backgrounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.96,0:05:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that half of them be women.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.30,0:05:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bruce was using\Nthe process of building to heal,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.97,0:05:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just for those who were sick,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.98,0:05:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for the entire community as a whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.09,0:05:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call this the locally fabricated\Nway of building, or "lo-fab,"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.96,0:05:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has four pillars:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.98,0:05:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hire locally,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.18,0:05:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,source regionally,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.11,0:05:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,train where you can
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.56,0:05:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.14,0:05:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about every design decision\Nas an opportunity
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.73,0:06:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to invest in the dignity\Nof the places where you serve.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.22,0:06:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of it like the local food movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.07,0:06:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.74,0:06:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're convinced\Nthat this way of building
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.97,0:06:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be replicated across the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.93,0:06:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change the way we talk about\Nand evaluate architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.40,0:06:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using the lo-fab way of building,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.23,0:06:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even aesthetic decisions\Ncan be designed to impact people's lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.76,0:06:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Butaro, we chose to use\Na local volcanic stone
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.49,0:06:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found in abundance within the area,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.54,0:06:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but often considered\Na nuisance by farmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.60,0:06:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and piled on the side of the road.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.67,0:06:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worked with these masons\Nto cut these stones
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.18,0:06:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and form them into the walls\Nof the hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.39,0:06:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they began on this corner
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.62,0:06:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wrapped around the entire hospital,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.28,0:06:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were so good at putting\Nthese stones together,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.83,0:06:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they asked us if they could take down\Nthe original wall and rebuild it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.46,0:06:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see what is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.47,0:06:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.79,0:06:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the beauty, to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.70,0:06:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from the fact that I know\Nthat hands cut these stones,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.44,0:07:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they formed them into this thick wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.44,0:07:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made only in this place\Nwith rocks from this soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.11,0:07:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you go outside today\Nand you look at your built world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.97,0:07:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ask not only:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.18,0:07:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is the environmental footprint?" --\Nan important question --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.43,0:07:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what if we also asked,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.73,0:07:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is the human handprint\Nof those who made it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.43,0:07:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started a new practice\Nbased around these questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.10,0:07:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we tested it around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.47,0:07:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like in Haiti,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.64,0:07:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we asked if a new hospital\Ncould help end the epidemic of cholera.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.76,0:07:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this 100-bed hospital,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.42,0:07:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we designed a simple strategy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.12,0:07:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to clean contaminated medical waste\Nbefore it enters the water table,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.60,0:07:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our partners at Les Centres GHESKIO
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.63,0:07:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are already saving lives because of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.19,0:07:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or Malawi:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.41,0:07:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we asked if a birthing center\Ncould radically reduce
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.66,0:07:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maternal and infant mortality.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.89,0:07:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Malawi has one of the highest rates\Nof maternal and infant death
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.17,0:08:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.41,0:08:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using a simple strategy\Nto be replicated nationally,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.76,0:08:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we designed a birthing center
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would attract women\Nand their attendants
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.33,0:08:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come to the hospital earlier\Nand therefore have safer births.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.57,0:08:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or in the Congo, where we asked
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.27,0:08:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if an educational center\Ncould also be used
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.54,0:08:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect endangered wildlife.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.74,0:08:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poaching for ivory and bushmeat
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.35,0:08:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is leading to global epidemic,\Ndisease transfer and war.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.92,0:08:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one of the hardest-to-reach\Nplaces in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.17,0:08:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we used the mud and the dirt\Nand the wood around us
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.12,0:08:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to construct a center
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.81,0:08:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would show us ways to protect\Nand conserve our rich biodiversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.53,0:08:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even here in the US,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.16,0:08:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were asked to rethink
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.44,0:08:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the largest university for the deaf\Nand hard of hearing in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.84,0:08:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The deaf community, through sign language,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.12,0:08:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows us the power\Nof visual communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.56,0:08:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We designed a campus\Nthat would awaken the ways
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.83,0:08:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we as humans all communicate,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.91,0:08:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both verbally and nonverbally.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.73,0:09:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even in Poughkeepsie, my hometown,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.99,0:09:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we thought about old\Nindustrial infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.20,0:09:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wondered:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.50,0:09:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could we use arts and culture\Nand design to revitalize this city
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.08,0:09:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other Rust Belt cities\Nacross our nation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.73,0:09:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turn them into centers\Nfor innovation and growth?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.12,0:09:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In each of these projects,\Nwe asked a simple question:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.04,0:09:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What more can architecture do?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.68,0:09:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by asking that question,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.63,0:09:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were forced to consider\Nhow we could create jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.40,0:09:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we could source regionally
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.83,0:09:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we could invest\Nin the dignity of the communities
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.08,0:09:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we serve.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.96,0:09:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have learned
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.94,0:09:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that architecture can be\Na transformative engine for change.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.12,0:09:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About a year ago, I read an article
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.57,0:09:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a tireless and intrepid\Ncivil rights leader
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.33,0:09:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,named Bryan Stevenson.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.42,0:10:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.25,0:10:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Bryan had a bold architectural vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.98,0:10:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He and his team had been documenting
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.60,0:10:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the over 4,000 lynchings\Nof African Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.26,0:10:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have happened in the American South.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.89,0:10:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had a plan to mark every county\Nwhere these lynchings occurred,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.72,0:10:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and build a national memorial\Nto the victims of lynching
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.14,0:10:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Montgomery, Alabama.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.88,0:10:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Countries like Germany and South Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.88,0:10:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, of course, Rwanda,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.07,0:10:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have found it necessary to build memorials
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.17,0:10:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reflect on the atrocities\Nof their past,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.03,0:10:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to heal their national psyche.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.04,0:10:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have yet to do this\Nin the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.68,0:10:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I sent a cold email\Nto info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.34,0:10:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Dear Bryan," it said,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.10,0:10:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I think your building project
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.76,0:10:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is maybe the most important\Nproject we could do in America
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.74,0:11:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could change the way\Nwe think about racial injustice.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.64,0:11:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By any chance,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.65,0:11:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do you know who will design it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.59,0:11:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.78,0:11:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surprisingly, shockingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.55,0:11:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bryan got right back to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.88,0:11:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and invited me down to meet\Nwith his team and talk to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.76,0:11:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Needless to say,\NI canceled all my meetings
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.84,0:11:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I jumped on a plane\Nto Montgomery, Alabama.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.20,0:11:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I got there,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.80,0:11:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bryan and his team picked me up,\Nand we walked around the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.30,0:11:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they took the time to point out
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.66,0:11:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the many markers that have\Nbeen placed all over the city
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.70,0:11:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the history of the Confederacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.17,0:11:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the very few that mark\Nthe history of slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.42,0:11:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then he walked me to a hill.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.83,0:11:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It overlooked the whole city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.93,0:11:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He pointed out the river\Nand the train tracks
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.19,0:11:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the largest domestic\Nslave-trading port in America
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.91,0:11:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had once prospered.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.12,0:11:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then to the Capitol rotunda,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.76,0:11:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where George Wallace\Nhad stood on its steps
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.85,0:11:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and proclaimed, "Segregation forever."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.20,0:11:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then to the very hill below us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.08,0:12:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Here we will build\Na new memorial
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.42,0:12:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will change the identity\Nof this city and of this nation."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.86,0:12:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our two teams have worked\Ntogether over the last year
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.33,0:12:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to design this memorial.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.18,0:12:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The memorial will take us on a journey
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.84,0:12:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a classical,\Nalmost familiar building type,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.93,0:12:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Parthenon\Nor the colonnade at the Vatican.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.99,0:12:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we enter,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.34,0:12:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ground drops below us\Nand our perception shifts,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.33,0:12:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we realize that these columns\Nevoke the lynchings,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.45,0:12:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which happened in the public square.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.00,0:12:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as we continue,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.34,0:12:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we begin to understand the vast number
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.46,0:12:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those who have yet to be put to rest.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.48,0:12:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their names will be engraved\Non the markers that hang above us.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.20,0:12:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just outside will be a field\Nof identical columns.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.97,0:13:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these are temporary columns,\Nwaiting in purgatory,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.80,0:13:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be placed in the very counties\Nwhere these lynchings occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.12,0:13:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next few years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.52,0:13:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this site will bear witness,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.06,0:13:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as each of these markers is claimed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.32,0:13:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and visibly placed in those counties.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.26,0:13:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our nation will begin to heal\Nfrom over a century of silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.80,0:13:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we think about\Nhow it should be built,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.88,0:13:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were reminded of Ubudehe,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.70,0:13:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the building process\Nwe learned about in Rwanda.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.56,0:13:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wondered if we could fill\Nthose very columns
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.13,0:13:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the soil from the sites\Nof where these killings occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.22,0:13:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brian and his team have begun\Ncollecting that soil
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.94,0:13:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and preserving it in individual jars
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.75,0:13:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with family members, community\Nleaders and descendants.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.89,0:13:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The act of collecting soil itself
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.15,0:13:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has lead to a type of spiritual healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.54,0:14:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an act of restorative justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.84,0:14:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As one EJI team member noted
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.42,0:14:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the collection of the soil\Nfrom where Will McBride was lynched,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.23,0:14:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If Will McBride left one drop of sweat,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.39,0:14:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one drop of blood,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.17,0:14:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one hair follicle --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.96,0:14:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I pray that I dug it up,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.61,0:14:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that his whole body\Nwould be at peace."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.68,0:14:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We plan to break ground\Non this memorial later this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.97,0:14:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will be a place to finally speak\Nof the unspeakable acts
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.44,0:14:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have scarred this nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.38,0:14:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.24,0:14:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When my father told me\Nthat day that this house --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.71,0:14:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our house --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.88,0:14:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had saved his life,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.97,0:14:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I didn't know
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.31,0:14:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that he was referring\Nto a much deeper relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.58,0:14:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between architecture and ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.65,0:15:02.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buildings are not simply\Nexpressive sculptures.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.02,0:15:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They make visible our personal\Nand our collective aspirations
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.14,0:15:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a society.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.18,0:15:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great architecture can give us hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.16,0:15:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great architecture can heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.48,0:15:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.72,0:15:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)