As a wildfire rages through the grasslands,
three lions and three wildebeest flee for their lives.
To escape the inferno,
the must cross over to the left bank of a crocodile-infested river.
Fortunately, there happens to be a raft nearby.
It can carry up to two animals at a time,
and needs as least one lion or wildebeest on board
to row it across the river.
There's just one problem.
If the lions every outnumber the wildebeest on either side of the river,
even for a moment,
their instincts will kick in, and the results won't be pretty.
That includes the animals in the boat when its on a given side of the river.
What's the fast way for all six animals to get across
without the lions stopping for dinner?
Pause here if you want to figure it out for yourself.
Answer in: 3
Answer in: 2
Answer in: 1
If you feel stuck on a problem like this,
try listing all the decisions you can make at each point,
and the consequences each choice leads to.
For instance, there are five options for who goes across first:
one wildebeest
one lion.
two wildebeest,
two lions,
or one of each.
If one animal goes alone,
it will just have to come straight back.
And if two wildebeest cross first,
the remaining one will immediately get eaten.
So those options are all out.
Sending two lions,
or one of each animal,
can actually both lead to solutions in the same number of moves.
For the sake of time, we'll focus on the second one.
One of each animal crosses.
Now, if the wildebeest stays and the lion returns,
there will be three lions on the right bank.
Bad news for the two remaining wildebeest.
So we need to have the lion stay on the left bank
and the wildebeest go back to the right.
Now we have the same five options,
but with one lion already on the left bank.
If two wildebeest go, the one that stays will get eaten,
and if one of each animal goes,
the wildebeest on the raft will be outnumbered
as soon as it reached the otherside.
So that's a dead end,
which means that at the third crossing,
only the two lions can go.
One gets dropped off,
leaving two lions on the left bank.
The third lion takes the raft back to the right bank
where the wildebeest are waiting.
What now?
Well, since we've got two lions waiting on the left bank,
the only option is for two wildebeest to cross.
Next, there's no sense in two wildebeest going back,
since that just reverses the last step.
And if two lions go back,
they'll outnumber the wildebeest on the right bank.
So one lion and one wildebeest take the raft back
leaving us with one of each animal on the left bank
and two of each on the right.
Again, there's no point in sending the lion-wildebeest pair back,
so the next trip should be either a pair of lions
or a pair of wildebeest.
If the lions go, they'd eat the wildebeest on the left, so they stay,
and the two wildebeest cross instead.
Now we're quite close because the wildebeest are all where they need to be
with safety in numbers.
All that's left is for that one lion to raft back
and bring his fellow lions over one by one.
That makes eleven trips total,
the smallest number needed to get everyone across safely.
The solution that involves sending both lions on the first step works similarly,
and also takes eleven crossings.
The six animals escape unharmed from the fire just in time
and begin their new lives across the river.
Of course, now that the danger's passed,
it remains to be see how long their unlikely alliance will last.