[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we're ready now to\Ntackle some more or even more
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.27,0:00:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,complicated examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.55,0:00:06.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's draw something\Ncrazy here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.65,0:00:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's see, let\Nme draw a chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.20,0:00:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me draw it like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.99,0:00:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so like we've done in all\Nof the examples, you want to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.68,0:00:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find the longest chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.89,0:00:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could count from here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.73,0:00:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, two, three, four, five,\Nsix, seven, eight, or maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.39,0:00:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's one, two, three, four,\Nfive, six, seven.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.35,0:00:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.69,0:00:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or maybe it's one, two, three,\Nfour, five, six, seven,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.22,0:00:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight, nine, ten.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.15,0:00:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is our longest chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.84,0:00:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me make that in green.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.94,0:00:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our longest chain\Nhere is in green.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.48,0:00:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this decane-- sorry,\Nthis backbone has
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.91,0:00:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ten carbons in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.38,0:00:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prefix for ten is dec-.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.59,0:00:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is an alkane since it has\Nall single bonds, so we can
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.75,0:00:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,write decane for the backbone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.24,0:01:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it has a group right\Nhere and this group consists
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.21,0:01:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of one, two carbons attached\Nto the backbone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.54,0:01:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prefix for two carbons\Nis eth-, so
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.64,0:01:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is an ethyl group.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.42,0:01:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The -yl is because it's a group\Nattached to the main
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.82,0:01:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alkane chain, so we call\Nthis ethyldecane.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.51,0:01:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.16,0:01:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to specify where the\Nethyl group is attached.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.64,0:01:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we want to give it as low of\Na number as possible, so we
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.09,0:01:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start counting on the\Nside closest to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.16,0:01:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's one, two, three,\Nfour, five, so this is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.53,0:01:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5-ethyldecane.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.13,0:01:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's complicate this\Na little bit more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.21,0:01:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me just to copy\Nand paste this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.41,0:01:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.41,0:01:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I have pasted it there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.26,0:01:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let me complicate this\Nmolecule a little bit more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.81,0:01:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me add another ethyl\Ngroup to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.64,0:01:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.44,0:02:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's say we have another\Nethyl group over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.20,0:02:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what is this going to be?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.56,0:02:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the longest chain is still\Ngoing to be that thing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.37,0:02:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in green, so it's still\Ngoing to be a decane.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.84,0:02:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.01,0:02:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we have two ethyl\Ngroups, one on the five
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.35,0:02:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon, one, two, three,\Nfour, five, and then
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.99,0:02:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one on the six carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.34,0:02:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.95,0:02:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we write here-- you might\Nbe tempted to write
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.51,0:02:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5-ethyl-6-ethyldecane, which\Nreally wouldn't be wrong, but
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.46,0:02:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would just be maybe\Nmore letters
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.22,0:02:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than you want to write.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.18,0:02:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead you write\N5,6-diethyldecane.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.82,0:02:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.38,0:02:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 5,6- tells us the two\Ncarbons on the main backbone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.95,0:02:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the ethyl groups are\Nattached to, and the di- says
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.96,0:02:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have two ethanes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.67,0:02:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or two ethyl groups, I should\Nsay, not ethane groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.95,0:02:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two ethyl groups, one over here\Nand one right over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.25,0:03:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's make it even\Nmore complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.01,0:03:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take our thing and let's\Nmake it even more complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.38,0:03:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's copy it and let\Nus paste it, edit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.28,0:03:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paste, just like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.38,0:03:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's paste it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.28,0:03:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me make it a little\Nbit lower over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.88,0:03:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the exact same thing we just\Ndealt with, but let's add
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.17,0:03:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one more group to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.81,0:03:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say it looks something\Nlike this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.08,0:03:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say on that five carbon--\Nlet's say on that six
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.61,0:03:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon right there, I have\Na group that looks
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.62,0:03:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.56,0:03:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this is going\Nto be called?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.30,0:03:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here we probably want to\Nbreak it down a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.04,0:03:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still have the backbone,\Nso it's still
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.08,0:03:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be a decane.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.33,0:03:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.79,0:03:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's just do\Nit step by step.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.53,0:03:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know that this right here,\Nthis is an ethyl group.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.50,0:03:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's on the five carbon,\Nso that is a 5-ethyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.41,0:03:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is another ethyl group\Non the six carbon,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.34,0:04:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that is a 6-ethyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.44,0:04:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we have this\Ngroup over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.98,0:04:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how many carbons\Nare on this group?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.03,0:04:09.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we have one, two,\Nthree carbons on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.47,0:04:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have three carbons on it, so\Nwe might want to just call
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.40,0:04:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it a propyl group, but\Nnotice something.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.84,0:04:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are attached to the carbon,\Nand then it later
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.96,0:04:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,branches off into two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.93,0:04:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually immediately\Nbranches off into two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.94,0:04:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we could actually call this\Neither sec-propyl, so this
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.33,0:04:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right here, we can either call\Nit sec-propyl, or because it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.73,0:04:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is connected away from the-- I\Nguess it's connected directly
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.27,0:04:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the branch the way a\Npropyl group works.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.06,0:04:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could connect it and it\Nimmediately branches, because
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.91,0:04:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you only have three carbons.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.18,0:04:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just to clarify things,\Nit's sec- because we're
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.49,0:04:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attached to two carbons\Nright there.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.67,0:04:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sec-propyl isn't what\Npeople normally call it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.88,0:04:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They normally call\Nit isopropyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.13,0:04:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.76,0:04:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the iso- root comes from\Nanything of the form.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.82,0:05:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if I have a group that looks\Nlike this, this would be
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.11,0:05:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isobutyl, because we have one,\Ntwo, three, four carbons, and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.36,0:05:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are attached right here, so\Nthis is where we would attach
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.13,0:05:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the main backbone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.03,0:05:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I have a group that\Nlooks like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.67,0:05:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this would be isopentyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.99,0:05:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have one, two, three,\Nfour, five carbons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.70,0:05:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm attached away\Nfrom the branch.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.59,0:05:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we go one step closer,\Nso we're attached just like
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.19,0:05:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this, we're attached\Nto the original
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.55,0:05:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,group, this is isopropyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.72,0:05:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, two, three carbons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.17,0:05:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me write-- isopropyl,\Nisobutyl, isopentyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.57,0:05:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice what the isos-- the isos\Nare like Y's, I guess is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.90,0:05:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best way of thinking of it,\Nand you're attached to the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.33,0:05:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,base of the Y.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.15,0:05:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, you're almost\Nattached to the base of a V,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.22,0:05:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, hopefully, you\Nget the idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.63,0:05:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the common name for this\Ngroup would be isopropyl, or
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.71,0:05:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we wanted to use the\Nsystematic naming, we could
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.50,0:05:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just start at one as being-- let\Nme do this in a good color
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.72,0:06:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--as the carbon we are attached\Nto, and then we only
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.49,0:06:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have two carbons right\Nover there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.67,0:06:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we have two carbons,\Nwe're dealing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.26,0:06:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an ethyl group.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.51,0:06:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.13,0:06:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you could say that\Nyou have a methyl group
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.43,0:06:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attached to the first carbon, so\Nit would be 1-methylethyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.16,0:06:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.85,0:06:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this could either be called\Nan isopropyl group, or a
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.21,0:06:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1-methylethyl group.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.52,0:06:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in either case-- let me\Nput that in parentheses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.30,0:06:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In either case, it's attached\Nto the six carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.50,0:06:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.36,0:06:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the prefixes are going to\Nbe on the six carbon on our
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.75,0:06:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,main-- we have a 1-methylethyl,\Nwhere the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.97,0:06:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,methyl is attached to the first\Ncarbon on the ethyl
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.43,0:06:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chain, or we could call this a\N6-isopropyl group attached to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.71,0:06:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the six carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.37,0:06:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when we decide how to write\Nit, how do we know--
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.50,0:06:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to have to\Nwrite essentially the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.72,0:07:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ethyl and the isopropyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.20,0:07:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to have to\Nwrite all of that in
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.10,0:07:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,front of the decane.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.83,0:07:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we decide whether\Nto write the eth-
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.92,0:07:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the propyl- first?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.03,0:07:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, here you just do it\Nin alphabetical order.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.01,0:07:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And actually these\Nlittle prefixes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.22,0:07:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in front don't matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.96,0:07:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you compare the P to the E.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.80,0:07:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eth-, E comes first in\Nalphabetical order, so this
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.13,0:07:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be 5,6-diethyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.16,0:07:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.79,0:07:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even though D-- well, D comes\Neven before E, but you
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.64,0:07:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't even count that prefix.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.97,0:07:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The E is what matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.73,0:07:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Diethyl, and then\Nwe could say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.61,0:07:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diethyl-6-isopropyldecane.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.86,0:07:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.29,0:07:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the common name:\N6-isopropyldecane.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.14,0:07:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.34,0:07:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This would be the common\Nname for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.15,0:08:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we want to use the systematic\Nname, we would
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replace the 6-isopropyl\Nwith 6,1-methylethyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.97,0:08:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me write that down.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.17,0:08:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me just copy this part.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.25,0:08:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So copy and paste right there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.87,0:08:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I can copy and\Npaste this right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.50,0:08:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Copy and paste.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.34,0:08:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it becomes\N5,6-diethyl-6-1-methylethyl.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.59,0:08:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.43,0:08:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know it's very confusing when\Nyou see it, but when you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.12,0:08:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,break it down, you really\Ncould-- you would be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.78,0:08:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,draw this from the structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.22,0:08:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally you finish\Nwith a decane.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.32,0:08:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So hopefully, these examples\Ndon't confuse you too much.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.94,0:08:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the next few videos, we'll\Ndo more and more examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.40,0:08:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I think with the\Nnomenclature on the organic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.05,0:08:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chemistry, the more examples\Nyou see, the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.96,0:08:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really core, so in the\Nfuture you don't get confused
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.26,0:08:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people throw out\Nsomething like,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.13,0:08:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5,6-diethyl-6-(1\N-methylethyl)decane.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.38,0:08:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,