[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speaker Name: Navi Radjou\N0:01 - 0:05\NКогато растеш в развиваща се страна\Nкато Индия, като мен, ¶\N0:06 - 0:11\Nведнага се научаваш да извличаш повече полза\Nот ограничените ресурси\N0:11 - 0:15\Nи намираш креативни начини да използваш отново\Nтова, с което вече разполагаш.\N0:16 - 0:20\NНапример Мансук Праджапати,\Nгрънчар от Индия.\N0:20 - 0:26\NТой създава хладилник,\Nизцяло направен от глина,\N0:26 - 0:28\Nкойто не консумира енергия.\N0:28 - 0:32\NМоже да държи плодове и \Nзеленчуци свежи с дни.\N0:32 - 0:37\NСмразяващо изобретение - буквално.\N0:37 - 0:41\NВ Африка, ако батерията на телефона\Nви свърши, не се тревожете.\N0:41 - 0:44\NЩе намерите някои\Nнаходчиви търговци,\N0:44 - 0:47\Nкоито могат да презаредят батерията ви, \Nизползвайки велосипеди.\N0:47 - 0:49\NИ тъй като сме в Южна Америка,\N0:49 - 0:52\Nнека разгледаме Лима в Перу,\N0:52 - 0:54\Nобласт с висока влажност,\N0:54 - 0:59\Nкъдето има само по един инч\Nвалежи всяка година.\N0:59 - 1:06\NИнжинерен колеж в Лима\Nизобрети голям рекламен билборд,\N1:06 - 1:13\Nкойто поема влагата от въздуха\Nи го преобразува в питейна вода,\N1:13 - 1:18\Nпредоставяйки над 90 литра\Nвода всеки ден.\N1:18 - 1:20\NПеруанците са невероятни.\N1:20 - 1:24\NБуквално могат да направят\Nвода от въздуха.\N1:24 - 1:26\NПрез последните 7 години, ¶\N1:26 - 1:30\Nсъм срещал и изучавал\Nстотици предприемачи\N1:30 - 1:37\Nв Индия, Китай, Африка и Южна Америкa,\Nа те продължават да ме изумяват.\N1:37 - 1:40\NМного от тях не са посещавали училище.\N1:40 - 1:44\NНе създават неща в големи R&D лаборатории.\N1:44 - 1:47\NУлицата е лабораторията.\N1:47 - 1:49\NЗащо го правят?\N1:49 - 1:53\NЗащото не разполагат с основните\Nресурси, които ние приемаме за даденост,\N1:53 - 1:54\Nкато средства и енергия,\N1:54 - 1:57\Nи основни услуги\Nкато здравеопазване и образование\N1:57 - 2:01\Nсъщо са оскъдни в тези области.\N2:01 - 2:07\NКогато външните ресурси са малко,\Nтрябва да потърсите в себе си\N2:07 - 2:11\Nи да изпозлвате най-сериозния ресурс,\Nчовешката гениалност,\N2:11 - 2:18\Nда използвате тази гениалност, за да откриете хитри начини\Nда решавате проблеми с ограничени средства.\N2:18 - 2:22\NВ Индия наричаме това Jugaad. ¶\N2:22 - 2:24\NJugaad is a Hindi word\N2:24 - 2:30\Nthat means an improvised fix,\Na clever solution born in adversity.\N2:30 - 2:35\NJugaad solutions are not\Nsophisticated or perfect,\N2:35 - 2:38\Nbut they create more value at lower cost.\N2:38 - 2:42\NFor me, the entrepreneurs\Nwho will create Jugaad solutions\N2:42 - 2:44\Nare like alchemists.\N2:44 - 2:48\NThey can magically transform\Nadversity into opportunity,\N2:48 - 2:53\Nand turn something of less value\Ninto something of high value.\N2:53 - 3:00\NIn other words, they mastered the art\Nof doing more with less,\N3:00 - 3:05\Nwhich is the essence of frugal innovation.\N3:05 - 3:11\NFrugal innovation is the ability \Nto create more economic and social value ¶\N3:11 - 3:14\Nusing fewer resources.\N3:14 - 3:20\NFrugal innovation is not about making do;\Nit's about making things better.\N3:21 - 3:26\NNow I want to show you how,\Nacross emerging markets,\N3:26 - 3:31\Nentrepreneurs and companies are adopting \Nfrugal innovation on a larger scale\N3:31 - 3:36\Nto cost-effectively deliver healthcare\Nand energy to billions of people\N3:36 - 3:40\Nwho may have little income\Nbut very high aspirations.\N3:41 - 3:43\NLet's first go to China, ¶\N3:43 - 3:47\Nwhere the country's largest\NI.T. service provider, Neusoft,\N3:47 - 3:50\Nhas developed a telemedicine solution\N3:50 - 3:55\Nto help doctors in cities\Nremotely treat old and poor patients\N3:55 - 3:57\Nin Chinese villages.\N3:57 - 4:01\NThis solution is based on\Nsimple-to-use medical devices\N4:01 - 4:06\Nthat less qualified health workers\Nlike nurses can use in rural clinics.\N4:06 - 4:10\NChina desperately needs\Nthese frugal medical solutions\N4:10 - 4:18\Nbecause by 2050 it will be home\Nto over half a billion senior citizens.\N4:18 - 4:21\NNow let's go to Kenya, ¶\N4:21 - 4:27\Na country where half the population\Nuses M-Pesa, a mobile payment solution.\N4:27 - 4:29\NThis is a great solution\Nfor the African continent\N4:29 - 4:33\Nbecause 80 percent of Africans\Ndon't have a bank account,\N4:33 - 4:38\Nbut what is exciting is that M-Pesa\Nis now becoming the source\N4:38 - 4:43\Nof other disruptive business models\Nin sectors like energy.\N4:43 - 4:48\NTake M-KOPA, the home solar solution\Nthat comes literally in a box\N4:48 - 4:53\Nthat has a solar rooftop panel,\Nthree LED lights,\N4:53 - 4:57\Na solar radio, and a cell phone charger.\N4:57 - 5:03\NThe whole kit, though, costs 200 dollars,\Nwhich is too expensive for most Kenyans,\N5:03 - 5:09\Nand this is where mobile telephony\Ncan make the solution more affordable.\N5:09 - 5:15\NToday, you can buy this kit by making\Nan initial deposit of just 35 dollars,\N5:15 - 5:20\Nand then pay off the rest by making\Na daily micro-payment of 45 cents\N5:20 - 5:23\Nusing your mobile phone.\N5:23 - 5:28\NOnce you've made 365 micro-payments,\Nthe system is unlocked,\N5:28 - 5:34\Nand you own the product and you start \Nreceiving clean, free electricity.\N5:34 - 5:36\NThis is an amazing solution for Kenya,\N5:36 - 5:40\Nwhere 70 percent of people\Nlive off the grid.\N5:41 - 5:44\NThis shows that with frugal innovation\N5:44 - 5:49\Nwhat matters is that you take what is\Nmost abundant, mobile connectivity,\N5:49 - 5:54\Nto deal with what is scarce,\Nwhich is energy.\N5:54 - 5:59\NWith frugal innovation,\Nthe global South is actually catching up ¶\N5:59 - 6:02\Nand in some cases \Neven leap-frogging the North.\N6:02 - 6:07\NInstead of building expensive hospitals,\NChina is using telemedicine\N6:07 - 6:11\Nto cost-effectively treat\Nmillions of patients,\N6:11 - 6:16\Nand Africa, instead of building\Nbanks and electricity grids,\N6:16 - 6:21\Nis going straight to mobile payments\Nand distributed clean energy.\N6:21 - 6:28\NFrugal innovation is diametrically opposed\Nto the way we innovate in the North. ¶\N6:28 - 6:30\NI live in Silicon Valley,\N6:30 - 6:33\Nwhere we keep chasing\Nthe next big technology thing.\N6:33 - 6:38\NThink of the iPhone 5, 6, then 7, 8.\N6:38 - 6:42\NCompanies in the West spend\Nbillions of dollars investing in R&D,\N6:42 - 6:46\Nand use tons of natural resources\Nto create ever more complex products,\N6:46 - 6:50\Nto differentiate their brands\Nfrom competition,\N6:50 - 6:54\Nand they charge customers\Nmore money for new features.\N6:54 - 7:00\NSo the conventional business model \Nin the West is more for more.\N7:01 - 7:07\NBut sadly, this more for more model\Nis running out of gas, for three reasons:\N7:07 - 7:11\NFirst, a big portion\Nof customers in the West\N7:11 - 7:14\Nbecause of the diminishing\Npurchasing power,\N7:14 - 7:17\Ncan no longer afford\Nthese expensive products.\N7:17 - 7:22\NSecond, we are running out of\Nnatural water and oil.\N7:22 - 7:26\NIn California, where I live,\Nwater scarcity is becoming a big problem.\N7:26 - 7:28\NAnd third, most importantly,\N7:28 - 7:31\Nbecause of the growing income disparity\N7:31 - 7:34\Nbetween the rich \Nand the middle class in the West,\N7:34 - 7:37\Nthere is a big disconnect\Nbetween existing products and services\N7:37 - 7:39\Nand basic needs of customers.\N7:39 - 7:41\NDo you know that today,\N7:41 - 7:46\Nthere are over 70 million Americans\Ntoday who are underbanked,\N7:46 - 7:49\Nbecause existing banking services\N7:49 - 7:54\Nare not designed to address\Ntheir basic needs.\N7:54 - 7:58\NThe prolonged economic crisis\Nin the West is making people think ¶\N7:58 - 8:01\Nthat they are about to lose\Nthe high standard of living\N8:01 - 8:04\Nand face deprivation.\N8:04 - 8:08\NI believe that the only way we can sustain\Ngrowth and prosperity in the West\N8:08 - 8:12\Nis if we learn to do more with less.\N8:12 - 8:15\NThe good news is,\Nthat's starting to happen. ¶\N8:15 - 8:18\NSeveral Western companies\Nare now adopting frugal innovation\N8:18 - 8:23\Nto create affordable products\Nfor Western consumers.\N8:23 - 8:25\NLet me give you two examples.\N8:25 - 8:27\NWhen I first saw this building, ¶\N8:27 - 8:30\NI told myself it's some\Nkind of postmodern house.\N8:30 - 8:35\NActually, it's a small manufacturing plant\Nset up by Grameen Danone,\N8:35 - 8:39\Na joint venture between \NGrameen Bank of Muhammad Yunus\N8:39 - 8:41\Nand the food multinational Danone\N8:41 - 8:44\Nto make high-quality yogurt in Bangladesh.\N8:44 - 8:48\NThis factory is 10 percent the size\Nof existing Danone factories\N8:48 - 8:51\Nand cost much less to build.\N8:51 - 8:54\NI guess you can call it a low-fat factory.\N8:54 - 8:59\NNow this factory, unlike Western factories\Nthat are highly automated,\N8:59 - 9:05\Nrelies a lot on manual processes in order \Nto generate jobs for local communities.\N9:05 - 9:08\NDanone was so inspired by this model\N9:08 - 9:12\Nthat combines economic efficiency\Nand social sustainability,\N9:12 - 9:16\Nthey are planning to roll it out\Nin other parts of the world as well.\N9:16 - 9:18\NNow, when you see this example, ¶\N9:18 - 9:22\Nyou might be thinking, "Well,\Nfrugal innovation is low tech."\N9:22 - 9:24\NActually, no.\N9:24 - 9:27\NFrugal innovation is also\Nabout making high tech\N9:27 - 9:30\Nmore affordable and more\Naccessible to more people.\N9:30 - 9:32\NLet me give you an example.\N9:32 - 9:35\NIn China, the R&D engineers\Nof Siemens Healthcare ¶\N9:35 - 9:40\Nhave designed a C.T. scanner\Nthat is easy enough to be used\N9:40 - 9:44\Nby less qualified health workers,\Nlike nurses and technicians.\N9:44 - 9:48\NThis device can scan\Nmore patients on a daily basis,\N9:48 - 9:50\Nand yet consumes less energy,\N9:50 - 9:54\Nwhich is great for hospitals,\Nbut it's also great for patients\N9:54 - 9:58\Nbecause it reduces the cost\Nof treatment by 30 percent\N9:58 - 10:02\Nand radiation dosage by up to 60 percent.\N10:02 - 10:06\NThis solution was initially designed\Nfor the Chinese market,\N10:06 - 10:10\Nbut now it's selling like hotcakes\Nin the U.S. and Europe,\N10:10 - 10:15\Nwhere hospitals are pressured\Nto deliver quality care at lower cost.\N10:16 - 10:19\NBut the frugal innovation revolution ¶\N10:19 - 10:23\Nin the West is actually led\Nby creative entrepreneurs\N10:23 - 10:25\Nwho are coming up with amazing solutions\N10:25 - 10:28\Nto address basic needs\Nin the U.S. and Europe.\N10:28 - 10:31\NLet me quickly give you\Nthree examples of startups\N10:31 - 10:33\Nthat personally inspire me.\N10:33 - 10:37\NThe first one happens to be launched\Nby my neighbor in Silicon Valley.\N10:37 - 10:39\NIt's called gThrive.\N10:39 - 10:42\NThey make these wireless sensors\Ndesigned like plastic rulers\N10:42 - 10:45\Nthat farmers can stick\Nin different parts of the field\N10:45 - 10:49\Nand start collecting detailed\Ninformation like soil conditions.\N10:49 - 10:54\NThis dynamic data allows farmers\Nto optimize use of water energy\N10:54 - 10:58\Nwhile improving quality\Nof the products and the yields,\N10:58 - 11:03\Nwhich is a great solution for California,\Nwhich faces major water shortage.\N11:03 - 11:05\NIt pays for itself within one year.\N11:05 - 11:09\NSecond example is Be-Bound,\Nalso in Silicon Valley, ¶\N11:09 - 11:12\Nthat enables you\Nto connect to the Internet\N11:12 - 11:17\Neven in no-bandwidth areas\Nwhere there's no wi-fi or 3G or 4G.\N11:17 - 11:18\NHow do they do that?\N11:18 - 11:25\NThey simply use SMS, a basic technology,\Nbut that happens to be the most reliable\N11:25 - 11:27\Nand most widely available\Naround the world.\N11:27 - 11:30\NThree billion people today with \Ncell phones can't access the Internet.\N11:30 - 11:35\NThis solution can connect them\Nto the Internet in a frugal way.\N11:35 - 11:39\NAnd in France, there is\Na startup calle Compte Nickel, ¶\N11:39 - 11:41
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is revolutionizing\Nthe banking sector.\N11:41 - 11:45\NIt allows thousands of people\Nto walk into a Mom and Pop store\N11:45 - 11:49\Nand in just five minutes activate\Nthe service that gives them two products:\N11:49 - 11:54\Nan international bank account number\Nand an international debit card.\N11:54 - 11:58\NThey charge a flat annual \Nmaintenance fee of just 20 Euros.\N11:58 - 12:01\NThat means you can do\Nall banking transactions --\N12:01 - 12:03\Nsend and receive money,\Npay with your debit card --\N12:03 - 12:05\Nall with no additional charge.\N12:05 - 12:09\NThis is what I call low-cost banking\Nwithout the bank.\N12:09 - 12:14\NAmazingly, 75 percent\Nof the customers using this service\N12:14 - 12:18\Nare the middle-class French\Nwho can't afford high banking fees.\N12:18 - 12:23\NNow, I talked about frugal innovation,\Ninitially pioneered in the South, ¶\N12:23 - 12:25\Nnow being adopted in the North.\N12:25 - 12:27\NUltimately, we would like to see\N12:27 - 12:30\Ndeveloped countries\Nand developing countries\N12:30 - 12:33\Ncome together and co-create\Nfrugal solutions\N12:33 - 12:35\Nthat benefit the entire humanity.\N12:35 - 12:38\NThe exciting news is\Nthat's starting to happen.\N12:38 - 12:41\NLet's go to Nairobi to find that out.\N12:41 - 12:44\NNairobi has horrendous traffic jams. ¶\N12:44 - 12:47\NWhen I first saw them,\NI thought, "Holy cow."\N12:47 - 12:52\NLiterally, because you have to dodge cows\Nas well when you drive in Nairobi.\N12:52 - 12:54\NTo ease the situation,\N12:54 - 13:01\Nthe engineers at the IBM lab in Kenya\Nare piloting a solution called Megaffic,\N13:01 - 13:05\Nwhich initially was designed\Nby the Japanese engineers.\N13:05 - 13:10\NUnlike in the West, Megaffic\Ndoesn't rely on roadside sensors,\N13:10 - 13:13\Nwhich are very expensive\Nto install in Nairobi.\N13:13 - 13:16\NInstead they process images, traffic data,\N13:16 - 13:22\Ncollected from a small number of\Nlow-resolution webcams in Nairobi streets,\N13:22 - 13:26\Nand then they use analytic software\Nto predict congestion points,\N13:26 - 13:30\Nand they can SMS drivers\Nalternate routes to take.\N13:30 - 13:34\NGranted, Megaffic is not\Nas sexy as self-driving cars,\N13:34 - 13:39\Nbut it promises to take Nairobi drivers\Nfrom point A to point B\N13:39 - 13:43\Nat least 20 percent faster.\N13:43 - 13:49\NAnd earlier this year, UCLA Health\Nlaunched its Global Lab for Innovation,\N13:49 - 13:54\Nwhich seeks to identify frugal healthcare \Nsolutions anywhere in the world\N13:54 - 13:59\Nthat will be at least 20 percent cheaper\Nthan existing solutions in the U.S.\N13:59 - 14:02\Nand yet more effective.\N14:02 - 14:06\NIt also tries to bring together\Ninnovators from North and South\N14:06 - 14:11\Nto cocreate affordable healthcare\Nsolutions for all of humanity.\N14:12 - 14:16\NI gave tons of examples of frugal\Ninnovators from around the world, ¶\N14:16 - 14:20\Nbut the question is, how do you go about\Nadopting frugal innovation?\N14:20 - 14:24\NWell, I gleaned out three principles\Nfrom frugal innovators around the world\N14:24 - 14:26\Nthat I want to share with you\N14:26 - 14:28\Nthat you can apply\Nin your own organization\N14:28 - 14:31\Nto do more with less.\N14:31 - 14:35\NThe first principle is: Keep it simple. ¶\N14:35 - 14:38\NDon't create solutions\Nto impress customers.\N14:38 - 14:41\NMake them easy enough to use\Nand widely accessible,\N14:41 - 14:44\Nlike the C.T. scanner we saw in China.\N14:44 - 14:48\NSecond principle: \NDo not reinvent the wheel. ¶\N14:48 - 14:52\NTry to leverage existing resources\Nand assets that are widely available,\N14:52 - 14:56\Nlike using mobile telephony\Nto offer clean energy\N14:56 - 15:00\Nor Mom and Pop stores\Nto offer banking services.\N15:00 - 15:04\NThird principle is:\NThink and act horizontally. ¶\N15:04 - 15:08\NCompanies tend to scale up vertically\N15:08 - 15:11\Nby centralizing operations\Nin big factories and warehouses,\N15:11 - 15:15\Nbut if you want to be agile and deal\Nwith immense customer diversity,\N15:15 - 15:20\Nyou need to scale out horizontally\Nusing a distributed supply chain\N15:20 - 15:23\Nwith smaller manufacturing\Nand distribution units,\N15:23 - 15:27\Nlike Grameen Bank has shown.\N15:27 - 15:32\NThe South pioneered frugal innovation\Nout of sheer necessity. ¶\N15:32 - 15:37\NThe North is now learning to do\Nmore and better with less\N15:37 - 15:40\Nas it faces resource constraints.\N15:40 - 15:45\NAs an Indian-born French national\Nwho lives in the United States,\N15:45 - 15:52\Nmy hope is that we transcend\Nthis artificial North-South divide\N15:52 - 15:54\Nso that we can harness\Nthe collective ingenuity\N15:54 - 15:56\Nof innovators from around the world\N15:56 - 15:59\Nto cocreate frugal solutions\N15:59 - 16:03\Nthat will improve the quality of life\Nof everyone in the world,\N16:03 - 16:06\Nwhile preserving our precious planet.\N16:06 - 16:08\NThank you very much. ¶\N16:08 - 16:12\N(Applause)