*RC3 preroll music* [Filler please remove in amara] Herald: Welcome back on the channel, of Chaos zone TV. Now we have an English speaking contribution. And for that, I welcome pandemonium, who is a historian and documentary film maker, and therefore we will also not have a normal talk, but we will see the documentary information. What are they looking at? A documentary on privacy. And afterwards, we can all talk about the film, so feel free to post your questions and we can discuss them. Let's enjoy the film. *film started* [Filler please remove in amara] ---Because the great promise of the internet is freedom. Freedom of expression, freedom of organization, freedom of assembly. These are really seen as underpinning rights of what we see as democratic values. ---Just because you have safety does not mean that you cannot have freedom. Just because you have freedom does not mean you cannot have safety. ---Why is the reaction to doubt it rather than to assume that it's true and act accordingly? ---We need to be able to break those laws that are unjust. ---Privacy is an essence, becoming a de facto crime. That is somehow you are hiding something. ---So just to be sure let's have no privacy. "Information, what are they looking at? A film by Theresia Reinhold. "The Internet is [...] everywhere, but we only see it in the glimpses. The internet is like the wholy ghost: it makes itself knowable to us by taking possession of the pixels on our screens to manifest sites and apps and email, but its essence is always elsewhere. ---Before the Internet came about, communication was generally one editor to many, many readers. But now it's peer to peer. So, you know, at a touch of a button people have an opportunity to reach millions of people. That's revolutionizing the way we communicate. ---One of the things that Facebook and to a lesser degree Twitter allowed people to do is be able to see that they weren't alone. And it was able to create a critical mass. And I think that's a very important role that social media took on. It was able to show people a very easy way in people's Facebook feeds: "Oh, wow. Look at Tahrir Square, there's people out there in Bahrain, in Pearl Square." What people could feel before walking out their door into real life action, that they could see that they are not isolated in their desire for some sort of change. ---The great promise of the internet is freedom where the minds without fear and the head is held high. And the knowledge is free. Because the promise was: This will be the great equalizer. ---Before the social web, before the Web 2.0, anything you were doing was kind of anonymous. By the very concept of anonymity you were able to discuss things that would probably be not according to dominance themes or the dominant trends of values of your own society. ---I don't find this discussion about how to deal with the assertion "I have nothing to hide" boring, even after many years. Because this sentence is very short, but very perfidious. The speaker, who hurls the sentence "I have nothing to hide" at me, not only says something about themselves, but also something about me. Because this sentence "I have nothing to hide" also has the unspoken component of "You don't either, do you?" In this respect, I think this sentence lacks solidarity, because at the same time one does not want to work to ensure that the other, who perhaps has something to hide, is able to do so. ---One of the things about privacy is that it's not always about you. It's about the people in our networks. And so, for example, I have a lot of friends who are from Syria. People that I have met in other places in the world, not necessary refugees. People who lived abroad for a while, but those people are at risk all the time. Both in their home country and often in their host countries as well. And so, I might say that I have nothing to hide. I might say that there's no reason that I need to keep myself safe. But if you've got any more like that in a network, any activists, any people from countries like that, it's thinking about privacy and thinking about security means thinking about keeping those people safe, too. Privacy is important, because if think of the alternative, if everything is public, if the norm is public, then anything that you want to keep to yourself has an association or guild attached. And that should not be the world that we create. That's a chilling effect. It's a chilling effect on our freedoms. It's a chilling effect on democracy. "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with this privacy, family, home or correspondence, for the attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. ---To me, human rights are something which has been put to place to guarantee the freedoms of every single person in the world. They're supposed to be universal, indivisible. Having in the eyes of this systems. ---They're collecting data and metadata about hundreds of thousands, millions of people. And some of that data will never be looked at. That's a fact. We know that. But at the same time, assuming that just because you're not involved in activism or you're not well known that you're not going to be a target at some point, I think, that is what can be really harmful to us. Right now you may not be under any threat at all, but your friends might be, your family might be or you might be in the future. And so that's why we need to think about it this way, not because we're going to be snatched out of our homes in the middle of the night now. But because this data and this metadata lasts for a long time. ---My observation is what we are experiencing right now is that the private space that should be and remain private in the digital world is slowly beginning to erode. It is becoming permeable, and not just factual. Factually, of course, but not only factually, but also in perception. I imagine the digital world as a panoptical. This is the ring-shaped building designed by Jeremy Benthem. In the ring the prisoners are accommodated in the individual cell, and in the middle there is a watchtower. And there is a guard sitting there. And this guard, who can observe and supervise the prisoners in the cells around him all the time. The trick is that the prisoners cannot know if they are being watched. They only see the tower, but they don't see the warden. But they know very well that they could be watched permanently at any time. And this fact exerts a changing decisive effect. ---I think surveillance is a technology of governmentality. It's a bio political technology. It's there to control and manage populations. It's really propelled by state power and the power of entities that are glued in that cohere around the state, right? So it is there as a form of population management and control. So you have to convince people that it's in their interest and its like: Every man for himself and everyone is out to get everyone. *relaying music is plays* [Filler please remove in amara] ---I take my cue from a former general counsel of the NSA, Suart Baker, who said on this question: Meta-Data absolutely tells you everything about somebodies life. If you have enough Meta-Data you don't really need content. It is sort of embarrassing, how predictable we are as human beings. ---So let's say that you make a phone one night, you call up a suicide hotline, for example, you're feeling down, you call that hotline and then a few hours later maybe you call a friend. A few hours later you call a doctor, you send an email and so on so forth. Now, the contents of that of those calls and those e-mails are not necessarily collected. What's being collected is the time of the call and the place that you called. And so sometimes in events like that, those different pieces of metadata can be linked together to profile someone. ---David's description of what you can do with metadata, and quoting a mutual friend Stewart Baker, is absolutely correct. We kill people based on Meta-Data. But that is not what we do with this Meta-Data. Mayor Denett: Thankfully. Wow, I was working up a sweat there *Mayor laughs* for a second. ---You know, the impetus for governments for conducting this kind of surveillance is often at least in rhetoric go to after terrorists. And obviously, we don't want terrorism. And so that justification resonates with most of the public. But I think that there's a couple problems with it. The first is that they haven't demonstrated to us that surveillance actually works in stopping terrorist attacks. We haven't seen it work yet. It didn't work in Paris. It didn't work in Boston. t didn't work elsewhere. So that's one part of it. But then I think the other part of it is that we spend billions of dollars on surveillance and on war, but spend very little money on addressing the root causes of terrorism. ---I consider this debate security versus freedom to be a bugaboo. Because these values are not mutually exclusive. I'm not buying into this propaganda anymore. Many of the measures we have endured in the last ten years have not led to more security, in terms of state-imposed surveillance. And this is one reason why I don't want to continue this debate about whether we should sacrifice freedom for more security. ---I think power is concealed in the whole discourse around surveillance, and the way its concealed is through this legitimization that it's in your interest that it keeps you safe. But there have been many instances where citizens groups have actually fought against that kind of surveillance. And I think there is also sort of a mystique around *music starts* the technology of surveillance. There is the whole sort of like this notion that, ah, because it's a technology and it's designed to do this. It's actually working. But all of this is a concealment of power relations because who can surveil who? Is the issue, right? ---But it isn't the majority of the English population here to get stopped and searched. It's non-white people. It is not the majority of non-white people who get approached to inform on the community. It's Muslim communities. ---The surveillance that one does on the other. So as airport, it's the other passengers that say, oh, so-and-so is speaking in Arabic. And therefore, that person becomes the subject, the target that hyper-surveillance. So it's the kind of surveillances that are being exercised by each of us on the other. Because of this culture of fear that has been nourished on a way and that's mushrooming all around us. And these are fears, I think, go anywhere from the most concrete to the most vague. ---In this way, I think this is another way of creating a semblance of control where this identity is very easily visible. It's very easily targeted and it's very easily defined. ---For me, this political discussion is purely based on fear in which the fear of people, which is justified, are exploited. And where racist stereotypes are being repeated. I think it extremely dangerous to give in to this more and more, also because I believe that it reinforces negative instincts in people. Exclusion, but also racial profiling. Kurz: It's inherently disentranchising, it's disempowering and it's isolating. When you feel you're being treated as a different person to the rest of the population, that's when measures like surveillance, things that are enabled by technology really hit home. And cause you to sort of change that way you feel as a subject. Because at the end of the day, you are subjective of a government. ---How is it that these mass surveillance programs have been kept secret for years when they are supposed to be so meaningful and effective? Why didn't anyone publicly justify it? Then why was it all secretly justified by secret courts with secret court rulings? Why, after the Snowden publications began, did the Commission of intelligent Agents, which specifically appointed Obama com to the conclusion that not a single --zero --- of this cases of terror or attempted terrorist attacks has been partially resolved by these giant telecommunications metadata? In trying to stop something from happening before it happens, they can put in a measure and that thing might not happen. But they don't know it that measure stopped that thing from happening, because that thing never happened. It's hard to measure. You can't measure it. And you can't say with certainty thst because of this measure that that didn't happen. But after 9/11, after the catastrophic level of attack, it put decision makers into this impossible position where citizens where scared. They needed to do something. One part of that is trying to screen everybody objectively and have that sort of panoptical surveillance. Saying that: "No, no. We can see everything. Don't worry. We have the haystack. We just need to find the needle. But then obviously, they need ways to target that. You can see it most clearly over here. You got leaflets through your door a few years ago, basically saying that if you've seen anything suspicious, call this hotline. It listed things like the neighbor who goes away on holiday many times a year or, another neighbor whose curtains are always drawn. It just changes the way you look at society and you look at yourself. And it shifts the presumption of Innocence to a presumption of guilt already. ---When is someone a potential suicide bomber? This is where the problem begins. When they wear an explosive belt and holds the tiger in their hands? Or when they order the building blocks for an explosive belt online? Or when they informed themselves about how to build an explosive vest? When can the state legally intervene? For me it is about the central very problematic question whether someone who very problematic question whether someone who has been identified as a potential danger or a potential terrorist, without being a terrorist, if someone like that can then be legally surveilled or even arrested? That means if certain people by potentially posing a concrete danger ot society can be stripped of, their fundamental human rights? ---We face am unprecedented threat which will last Two days after the attacks in BrĂ¼ssel on the 22.03.2016 Jean Claude Juncker and the french prime minister held a join pres conference. But we also believe that we need to be a union of security. In it Juncker called to the ministers to accept a proposal by the commision for the propection of the EU. ---For over 15 years now we have observed a big populist push to adopt even more surveillance measures. With the attacks of the past years, there was the opportunity to pass even more. We have this proposal for a new directive whose contents a purely based on ideology. The Text of the law passed in summary proceedings was adopteed as an anti- terrorism directive. Green Member of Parlament Jan Phillipp Albrecht wrote in an Statement to Netzpolitik.org: "What the Directive defines as Terrorism could be used by governments to criminalize political action or political protest". ---These type of laws actually are neutral in principle. In praxis, they are very discrimantory. If you talk to any politician right now of the EU level or at the national or local level they will tell you that most likely this people are Muslims. ---Historically and Philosophically this problem is well known to us. We always tend to put everithing which is unpleasant or eene to us, to the horizon. "This is strange ti us. It is done by others, not by us." And when one of us does it thent they have to be distributed. ---And this is Edward Said's point of view that the western seit comes to define itself in relation to this eastern other. So everything that the West was, the East was'nt and everything that the East was, the West wasn't. Ans so the East became this province of emotionality, irrationality. And the West became the source of reason, everything controlled and contained and so forth. And it is this dichotomy that continues to play itself out. ---Terrorism emerged as a term for the first time in context of the French Revolution. The Jacobins who under Rebesprierre were the reign of terror, those where the first Terrorists, that's what they called. The first terrorism was the terrorism of the state and of course this also included the systematic monitoring of Conterrevoliners. ---Where the proposal of the directive says that it complies with human rights. It actually does not because they want to increase surveillance measures in order for the population to feel safer. However, we've seen that more repressive measure do not necessarily mean that you would have more security. ---The way you sell it to people is to appease their sense of anxieties around "Oh, this is an insecure world. Anything could happen at any time. And so if anything could happen at any time, what can we do about it? ---You gut the feeling that the text is trying to make sure that few enforecment will be able to get access to communications by any means that they wish. ---To be able to stop something from happening before it happens, you have to know everything. You have to look at the past, look at what happened, but also predict the future by looking at the past and then getting as much information as you can on everything all the time. So it's about zero risk. Kurz: All developed democraties have a concept of like proporionality, that's what the call it in Germany. that surveillance measures are weighed up against the repeat for fundamental rights. This undoubtly includes privacy. Privacy is very highly viewed in Germany and directly derived from human dignity. And human dignity is only negotiable to very tiny degree. ---When we are afraid to speak either because of our government coming after us because of a partner or a boss or whomever. All sorts of surveillance causes self censorship. But I think that mass surveillance. The idea that everything we are doing is being collected can cause a lot of people to think twice before they open their mouths. ---When all your likes can be traced back to you of course it affects your behaviour. Of couse it's usually the case that sometimes you think: If you like this thing or if you don't, it would have some social repressions. ---But if you look throughout history, the Reformation, the gay rights movements all these movements where illegal in some way. If not by law, stricktly, then by culture. And if we'd this kind of mass surveillance would we have had this movements? ---If all laws were absolutes, then we would never have progressed to the point where women had equal rights because women had to break the laws. That said: "You can't have equal rights". Black people in America had to break the laws that said they could not have equal rights. And there's common thread here. You know a lot of our laws historically have had the harshest effect on the most vulnerable in society. Kurz: The components of whomever has something to hide has to blame only themselves only emerged in recent years. In particular, the former CEO of Google Eric Smith is known for that of course, he certyinly said that. "If you have something that you don't want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn't be dooing it on the first place. " But this is so hostile to humans that is almost funny. You could think it is satire. A lot of people can't help that they have something to hide in a society, that is unjust. *wieder Eric Shmid" "But if you really need that kind of privacy, the reallity is that search changes including google to retain that information for some time. " ---Big corporations that have this business model of people farming are interested in you becaurse you are the row materials. Right. Your Infromation is row materials. What they do is they process that to build a profile of you. And that's where the real value is. Because if I know enough about you, if I as much information about you that I can build a very lifelike, constantly evolving picture of you, a s simpulation of you. That's very vulnerable. ---The economy of the net is predicting human behaviour, so that eyeballls can be delivered to advertising and that's targeting advertising. ---The system in ways is set up for them to make money and sell our lettle bits of data, our interests, our demographics for other people and for advertisers to be able to sell things. These companies know more about us than we know about ourselves. Right now we're feeding the beast. And right now, there's very little oversight. ---It has to reach one person, the same ad at particular time, if at 3:00 p.m. you buy the soda you get your lunch. How about 2:55pm you'll get an ad about a discount about a pizza place next door or a salad place. Where had exactly the soda comes. So that's what targeted advertising is. ---It is true, it is convinient. You know, I always laugh every time I'm on a site. I'm looking at, let's say, a sweater I want to buy. And then I move over to another site and it advertising for that same sweater. It pops up and reminds me how much I want it. It's both convinient and annoying. ---It's a pity that some of the greatest minds in our century are only wondering how to make you look advertising. And that's where the surveillance economy beginns, I will say, and not just ends. ---To a lot of people that may seem much less harmful. Bur the fact that they're capturing this date means that data exists and we don't who they might share it with. ---There is whole new business now, you know, data brokers who drew upon, you know, thousands of data points and create client profiles to sell to companies. Now, you don't really know what happens with this kind of things. So it is hard to tell, what the implications are until it is too late. Until it happens. ---The Stasi compared to Google or Facebook, where amateurs, the Stasi actually had to use people to surcail you to spy on you. That was expensive. It was time consuming. They had to pick targets. It was very expensive for them to have all of these people spying on you. Facebook and Google don't have to do that. They use Algorithms, that's the mass in mass surveillance. The fact that it is so cheap, so convenient to spy on so many people. And it's not a conspiracy theory. You don't need conspiracies when you have the simplicity of business models. ---When we talk about algorithms, we actually talk about logic. When you want, for example, buy a book on Amazon. You have always seen a few other suggestions. These suggestions are produced for you based on the history of your preferences, the history of your searches. ---They learn by making mistakes. And the thing is, that's fine if it's like selling dog feed. But it's about predictive pollicing and about creating a matrix where you see which individuals are threatening, that's not ok for me. You know, that has to be limits. There has to be lines. And these are all the dynamics that are coming from the bottom up. These are the discussions that need to be had, but they need to be had with all actors. It's can't just be a an echo chamber. You don't talk to the some people who agree with you. ---So one consequence of this would be many minorities or many people who have minority views would be silenced. And we always know that when a minority view is silenced, it would empower them in a way and it would radicalize them in the long run. This is one aspect. The other is that you would never be challenged by anyone, who disagrees with you. ---We have to understand that our data is not exhaust. Our data is not oil. Data is people. You maybe not doing anything wrong today, but maybe three governments from now when they pass a certain law, what you have done today might be illegal, for example, and governments that keep that data can look back over 10, 20 years and maybe start prosecuting. ---When everything we buy, everything we read, even the people we meet and date is determined by this algorithms, I think the amount of power that they exert on the society and individuals in this society is more than the state to the some degree. And so there I think representatives democracy have the duty to push the government to open up these private entities, to at least expose to some degree how much control they exert. ---If you adopt the technological perspective and realize that technology will slip into our lives much more than is already the case: Technically into our bodies, our clothes, into devices that we sit in an we're wearing, in all sorts of areas of our coexistence and working life, then that's definitely the wrong way to go. Because it leads to a total surveillance. And if you think about it for a few minutes, you will realize that the dichotomy is between control & freedom. And a fully controlled society cannot be free. *post film music* [Filler please remove in amara] Herald: Hello and welcome back from the movie and know I welcome also our producer. And. It was very. Oh, yeah, showing very good. What information can do and what could be done with information, I give some people a bit more time to ask more questions. And in the meantime, I could ask, Oh, well, this is moving. Those of these remote to your home was not shown today for the first time. So what would you do different or what you think has maybe changed in the meanwhile since you made it? pandemonium: What I would change is I would definitely try much harder to secure funding to just simply make a better movie and have more time and edited faster because the editing process, because I had to work on the side was quite long. And this film, and the way it stands now, was essentially only funded by a few very great people who supported me on Patreon and helped me with some of their private money, essentially so that it was essentially an almost no budget production. So I would definitely change that. But documentary seen in Germany being what it is, it's very hard to secure money if you're not attached to a TV station or if you don't have a name yet. And since I didn't have a name, but I still want to make the movie, I made the movie. I am still very happy with the general direction of it. But of course, since that was mainly shot in 2015 and 2016, some of the newer developments in terms of especially biometric mass surveillance and police. Especially in the U.S., the way police uses body cams, etc. is not really reflected. But I still think that the I would still go with the whole angle on colonialism and racism that is deeply entrenched in the discussions around surveillance and privacy. And we can see that in discussions about shutting down Telegram in Germany at the moment because right wing groups the there we see it in discussions about how to deal with hate speech online on Facebook or the Metaverse. And it's going to be called Zoom. And all of these things are already kind of in the movie, but I would have probably focused a bit more on them if I'd known. Six years ago what would happen and if I would make it now? But generally, the direction I would choose the same. Herald: Yeah, it's quite fascinating. So it was nearly no budget was so low, and it was also an interesting point to entertain now, because in principle, I understood the ideas that body cams should create actually a means of protecting people against police and not the other way around as it happens sometimes. pandemonium: So there are definitely and the problem with especially body cams or also other of other means of surveillance is that a video is always thought to be an objective recording of the reality. But of course, it always depends on the angle and cases of body cams, quite literally the angle, but also data interpretation. And since humans are always full of biases and always full of presumptions about who might be in the right and who might be in the wrong, these imagery, images or videos tend to never, even if they would be showing the objective truth, they're barely ever interpret it that way. And it's exactly the same with any sort of film or photography that we're doing. I mean, for this movie, I assembled a ton of interviews and there were very long there were several hours long in many cases, and I could added probably 100 different versions of this movie going essentially almost opposite directions, exactly the same material. It shows very strongly how important it is, that at the end of the day we overcome our biosies as judges, as police people, as people walking on the street an trying to overcome any sort of surveillance on this impossible on the technical level, is always connected with the way, we understand world. Herald: Yeah, this is, I also remember a talk several years ago , it was about one of "freiheit statt Angst" Demonstrations in Berlin. And there was also a case, where the term was established, the guy with a t-shirt got beaten by police and it was very hard to assemble different videos and to tell the whole story, what had happened. You should be able to find that, there was a talk , where this was constructed somehow. Producer: I will definitely looked that up. Herald. But I'm not sure about the year anymore but you will find it. Now we have a real question from the audience. The first is, can I find the movie anywhere and show it to somebody else? Producer: Yes. It is on YouTube. *laugh* Herald: Ok. Producer: You can literally find it by typing my name, which is Theresia Reinhold. And you can find it. Herald. ok. So, its very good. So, I hope they are happy. Is the 21. Century attention span for non-technical friend with biggest claim. I don't get the questions. The Idea is: Is there a way of explaining the non technical people, what is the problem with "I do not have nothing to hide". Producer: If there is anything in your life, where you are happy, no one is watching you doing, whether it is a Century video, that a lot of people don't know, that you are watching. Or singing in the shower or anything, then that is your absolute right that you are not. No one is judging you on them, and that's the same with mass surveillance and surfing online or walking down the street. We have a very basic comfort zone, should be protected. Know we have a human right to privacy and whether it's in a technical room or in an analog room, like being in a shopping mall and picking up, I don't know whatever you don't want other people to know that you're buying. You should have the right to do that in private and not have it be known to other people. And when we are surfing the internet, everything we do is constantly analyzed and watched in real time and you notice our movements online are sold to the highest bidder and as a whole, massive advertising industry behind it. And that's just immoral because humans should have always the ability to share only what they want to share. That's how I try to explain it to non tech people. And if they're not tech, people from the former east, is just here to move to Stasi and they know exactly what you're talking about. Herald: Yes, thanks for this explanation again. And I think also what is important, what was also mentioned in the movie is the thing with that is and speak, since it can be stored now that it's so that future can haunt your history. Kind of. pandemonium. Yeah. Herald: And actually, the question was now be more precise. And actually, it was not what I asked you *Laughs*. Actually is the question of whether there is or there could be a short teaser that people could send to your friends to two of their friends to to watch the whole movie? *laughs* Reinhold: Oh yes, there is. And that is also on YouTube and on Vimeo. OK, sorry. Yes. *Laugh* Herald: Well, I also didn't get it from the question. So OK, so people will find it very good. So then I guess we are through with the questions, and I thank you again for your nice movie and for being here. Yeah, and. Then this talk is over here. Chaos zone a TV comes back to you at four p.m. with the talk "tales from the quantum industry" until then? Oh yeah. Which some other streams go to the world or. Have some lunch. See you. [Filler please remove in amara] *post roll music* [Filler please remove in amara] Subtitles created by many many volunteers and the c3subtitles.de team. Join us, and help us!