[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.37,0:00:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good morning. Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.79,0:00:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Worldwide, over 1.5 billion people\Nexperience armed conflict. Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.03,0:00:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In response, people are forced\Nto flee their country, Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.75,0:00:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving over 15 million refugees. Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.67,0:00:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children, without a doubt, Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.03,0:00:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the most innocent\Nand vulnerable victims ... Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.79,0:00:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not just from\Nthe obvious physical dangers, Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.43,0:00:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but from the often unspoken effects\Nthat wars have on their families. Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.43,0:00:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiences of war\Nleave children at a real high risk Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.67,0:00:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the development\Nof emotional and behavioral problems. Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.11,0:00:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children, as we can only imagine, Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.99,0:00:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will feel worried, threatened and at risk. Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.63,0:00:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is good news. Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.47,0:00:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The quality of care\Nthat children receive in their families Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.23,0:00:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can have a more significant\Neffect on their well-being Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.71,0:01:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than from the actual experiences of war\Nthat they have been exposed to. Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.51,0:01:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So actually, children can be protected Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.27,0:01:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by warm, secure parenting\Nduring and after conflict. Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.99,0:01:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2011, I was a first-year PhD student Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.35,0:01:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the University of Manchester\NSchool of Psychological Sciences. Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.11,0:01:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like many of you here, Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.59,0:01:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I watched the crisis in Syria\Nunfold in front of me on the TV. Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.63,0:01:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My family is originally from Syria, Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.95,0:01:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very early on, Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.23,0:01:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lost several family members\Nin really horrifying ways. Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.83,0:01:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd sit and I'd gather with my family\Nand watch the TV. Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.27,0:01:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've all seen those scenes: Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.71,0:01:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bombs destroying buildings, Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.79,0:01:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chaos, destruction Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.11,0:01:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people screaming and running. Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.51,0:01:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was always the people screaming\Nand running that really got me the most, Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.47,0:01:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially those\Nterrified-looking children. Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.47,0:01:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a mother to two young,\Ntypically inquisitive children. Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.19,0:01:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were five and six then, Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.79,0:02:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at an age where they typically\Nasked lots and lots of questions, Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.87,0:02:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and expected real, convincing answers. Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.19,0:02:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I began to wonder\Nwhat it might be like Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.87,0:02:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to parent my children\Nin a war zone and a refugee camp. Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.24,0:02:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would my children change? Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.68,0:02:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would my daughter's bright,\Nhappy eyes lose their shine? Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.52,0:02:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would my son's really relaxed and carefree\Nnature become fearful and withdrawn? Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.80,0:02:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would I cope? Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.44,0:02:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would I change? Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.64,0:02:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As psychologists and parent trainers, Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.88,0:02:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know that arming parents\Nwith skills in caring for their children Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.80,0:02:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can have a huge effect\Non their well-being, Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.20,0:02:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we call this parent training. Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.68,0:02:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question I had was, Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.64,0:02:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could parent training programs\Nbe useful for families Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.40,0:02:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while they were still in war zones\Nor refugee camps? Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.44,0:02:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could we reach them\Nwith advice or training Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.04,0:02:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would help them\Nthrough these struggles? Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.80,0:03:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I approached my PhD supervisor, Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.56,0:03:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professor Rachel Calam, Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.08,0:03:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the idea of using my academic skills\Nto make some change in the real world. Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.72,0:03:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't quite sure\Nwhat exactly I wanted to do. Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.97,0:03:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She listened carefully and patiently, Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.85,0:03:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to my joy she said, Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.45,0:03:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If that's what you want to do,\Nand it means so much to you, Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.33,0:03:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then let's do it. Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.61,0:03:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's find ways to see if parent programs Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.61,0:03:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be useful for families\Nin these contexts." Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.89,0:03:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for the past five years,\Nmyself and my colleagues -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.81,0:03:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prof. Calam and Dr. Kim Cartwright -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.49,0:03:31.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been working\Non ways to support families Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.73,0:03:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have experienced\Nwar and displacement. Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.57,0:03:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, to know how to help families\Nthat have been through conflict Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.01,0:03:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,support their children, Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.45,0:03:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first step must obviously be\Nto ask them what they're struggling with, Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.29,0:03:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right? Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.53,0:03:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it seems obvious. Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.93,0:03:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's often those\Nthat are the most vulnerable, Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.33,0:03:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're trying to support, Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.77,0:03:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we actually don't ask. Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.13,0:03:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many times have we just assumed\Nwe know exactly the right thing Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.33,0:03:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's going to help someone or something\Nwithout actually asking them first? Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.41,0:04:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I traveled to refugee camps\Nin Syria and in Turkey, Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.09,0:04:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I sat with families, and I listened. Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.25,0:04:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I listened to their parenting challenges, Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.01,0:04:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I listened to their parenting struggles Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.29,0:04:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I listened to their call for help. Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.53,0:04:15.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes that was just paused, Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.57,0:04:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as all I could do was hold hands with them Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.65,0:04:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just join them\Nin silent crying and prayer. Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.61,0:04:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They told me about their struggles, Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.05,0:04:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they told me about the rough,\Nharsh refugee camp conditions Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.20,0:04:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made it hard to focus\Non anything but practical chores Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.44,0:04:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like collecting clean water. Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.96,0:04:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They told me how they watched\Ntheir children withdraw; Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.28,0:04:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sadness, depression, anger, Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.48,0:04:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bed-wetting, thumb-sucking,\Nfear of loud noises, Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.68,0:04:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fear of nightmares -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.56,0:04:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terrifying, terrifying nightmares. Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.32,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These families had been through\Nwhat we had been watching on the TV. Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.60,0:04:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mothers -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.84,0:04:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost half of them\Nwere now widows of war, Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.04,0:04:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or didn't even know\Nif their husbands were dead or alive -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.84,0:05:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,described how they felt\Nthey were coping so badly. Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.84,0:05:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They watched their children change\Nand they had no idea how to help them. Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.92,0:05:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't know how to answer\Ntheir children's questions. Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.75,0:05:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I found incredibly astonishing\Nand so motivational Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.11,0:05:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that these families were\Nso motivated to support their children. Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.03,0:05:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite all these challenges they faced, Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.47,0:05:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were trying to help their children. Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.75,0:05:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were making attempts\Nat seeking support from NGO workers, Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.39,0:05:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from refugee camp teachers, Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.31,0:05:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,professional medics, Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.55,0:05:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other parents. Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.35,0:05:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One mother I met had only been\Nin a camp for four days, Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.59,0:05:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had already made two attempts Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.23,0:05:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at seeking support\Nfor her eight-year-old daughter Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.67,0:05:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was having terrifying nightmares. Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.31,0:05:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sadly, these attempts\Nare almost always useless. Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.99,0:05:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Refugee camp doctors, when available, Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.07,0:05:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are almost always too busy, Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.87,0:05:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or don't have the knowledge or the time\Nfor basic parenting supports. Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.67,0:05:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Refugee camp teachers and other parents\Nare just like them -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.43,0:06:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of a new refugee community\Nwho's struggling with new needs. Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.49,0:06:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then we began to think. Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.25,0:06:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How could we help these families? Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.73,0:06:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The families were struggling with things\Nmuch bigger than they could cope with. Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.89,0:06:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Syrian crisis made it clear Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.61,0:06:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how incredibly impossible it would be\Nto reach families on an individual level. Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.93,0:06:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How else could we help them? Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.93,0:06:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would we reach families\Nat a population level Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.89,0:06:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and low costs Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.11,0:06:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these terrifying, terrifying times? Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.87,0:06:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After hours of speaking to NGO workers, Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.47,0:06:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one suggested a fantastic innovative idea Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.95,0:06:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of distributing parenting\Ninformation leaflets via bread wrappers -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.99,0:06:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bread wrappers that were being delivered\Nto families in a conflict zone in Syria Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.35,0:06:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by humanitarian workers. Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.35,0:06:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what we did. Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.99,0:06:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bread wrappers haven't changed\Nat all in their appearance, Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.99,0:06:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for the addition\Nof two pieces of paper. Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.79,0:07:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One was a parenting information leaflet\Nthat had basic advice and information Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.71,0:07:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that normalized to the parent\Nwhat they might be experiencing, Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.15,0:07:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what their child\Nmight be experiencing. Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.19,0:07:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And information on how they could\Nsupport themselves and their children, Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.03,0:07:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as information like spending\Ntime talking to your child, Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.27,0:07:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing them more affection, Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.39,0:07:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being more patient with your child, Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.47,0:07:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking to your children. Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.31,0:07:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other piece of paper\Nwas a feedback questionnaire, Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.91,0:07:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, there was a pen. Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.05,0:07:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So is this simply leaflet distribution, Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.57,0:07:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or is this actually a possible means\Nof delivering psychological first aid Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.41,0:07:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provides warm,\Nsecure, loving parenting? Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.49,0:07:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We managed to distribute\N3,000 of these in just one week. Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.05,0:07:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was incredible was\Nwe had a 60 percent response rate. Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.73,0:07:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,60 percent of the 3,000\Nfamilies responded. Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.97,0:07:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how many\Nresearchers we have here today, Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.49,0:07:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that kind of response\Nrate is fantastic. Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.85,0:07:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To have that in Manchester\Nwould be a huge achievement, Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.13,0:08:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone in a conflict zone in Syria -- Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.85,0:08:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really highlighting how important\Nthese kinds of messages were to families. Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.19,0:08:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember how excited and eager we were\Nfor the return of the questionnaires. Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.07,0:08:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The families had left\Nhundreds of messages -- Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.59,0:08:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most incredibly positive and encouraging. Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.99,0:08:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But my favorite has got to be, Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.75,0:08:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Thank you for not forgetting\Nabout us and our children." Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.19,0:08:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really illustrates\Nthe potential means Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.27,0:08:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the delivery of psychological\Nfirst aid to families, Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.07,0:08:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the return of feedback, too. Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.19,0:08:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just imagine replicating this\Nusing other means Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.71,0:08:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as baby milk distribution,\Nor female hygiene kits, Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.31,0:08:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even food baskets. Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.86,0:08:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's bring this closer to home, Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.60,0:08:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the refugee crisis Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.92,0:08:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one that is having an effect\Non every single one of us. Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.36,0:08:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're bombarded with images daily\Nof statistics and of photos, Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.100,0:08:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's not surprising, Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.60,0:08:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because by last month, Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.88,0:08:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over one million refugees\Nhad reached Europe. Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One million. Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.80,0:08:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Refugees are joining our communities, Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.96,0:08:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're becoming our neighbors, Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.48,0:09:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their children are attending\Nour children's schools. Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.12,0:09:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've adapted the leaflet\Nto meet the needs of European refugees, Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.44,0:09:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have them online, open-access, Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.80,0:09:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in areas with a really high\Nrefugee influx. Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.45,0:09:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, the Swedish healthcare\Nuploaded it onto their website, Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.69,0:09:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and within the first 45 minutes, Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.41,0:09:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was downloaded 343 times -- Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.49,0:09:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really highlighting how important it is Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.41,0:09:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for volunteers, practitioners\Nand other parents Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.97,0:09:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have open-access,\Npsychological first-aid messages. Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.29,0:09:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2013, I was sitting on the cold,\Nhard floor of a refugee camp tent Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.49,0:09:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with mothers sitting around me\Nas I was conducting a focus group. Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.48,0:09:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Across from me stood an elderly lady Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.80,0:09:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with what seemed to be\Na 13-year-old girl lying beside her, Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.28,0:09:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with her head on the elderly lady's knees. Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.12,0:09:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The girl stayed quiet\Nthroughout the focus group, Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.92,0:09:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not talking at all, Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.24,0:09:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with her knees\Ncurled up against her chest. Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.08,0:09:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Towards the end of the focus group, Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.80,0:10:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as I was thanking\Nthe mothers for their time, Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.80,0:10:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the elderly lady looked at me\Nwhile pointing at the young girl, Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.80,0:10:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said to me, "Can you help us with...?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.12,0:10:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not quite sure what she expected me to do, Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.52,0:10:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked at the young girl and smiled, Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.40,0:10:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in Arabic I said, Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.80,0:10:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Salaam alaikum. Shu-ismak?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.84,0:10:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What's your name?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.76,0:10:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She looked at me really\Nconfused and unengaged, Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.52,0:10:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then said, "Halul." Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.88,0:10:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Halul is the pet's name\Nfor the Arabic female name, Hala, Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.44,0:10:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is only really used\Nto refer to really young girls. Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.36,0:10:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that point I realized that actually\NHala was probably much older than 13. Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.84,0:10:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out Hala was a 25-year-old\Nmother to three young children. Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.96,0:10:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hala had been a confident,\Nbright, bubbly, loving, caring mother Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.96,0:10:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to her children, Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.20,0:10:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the war had changed all of that. Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.04,0:10:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had lived through bombs\Nbeing dropped in her town; Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.44,0:10:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had lived through explosions. Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.48,0:10:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When fighter jets\Nwere flying around their building, Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.96,0:10:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dropping bombs, Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.20,0:11:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her children would be screaming,\Nterrified from the noise. Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.96,0:11:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hala would frantically grab pillows\Nand cover her children's ears Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.08,0:11:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to block out the noise, Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.48,0:11:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the while screaming herself. Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.07,0:11:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they reached the refugee camp Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.79,0:11:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she knew they were finally\Nin some kind of safety, Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.03,0:11:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she completely withdrew\Nto acting like her old childhood self. Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.07,0:11:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She completely rejected her family -- Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.47,0:11:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her children, her husband. Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.19,0:11:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hala simply could no longer cope. Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.59,0:11:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a parenting struggle\Nwith a really tough ending, Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.51,0:11:32.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but sadly, it's not uncommon. Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.35,0:11:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who experience\Narmed conflict and displacement Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.35,0:11:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will face serious emotional struggles. Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.61,0:11:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's something we can all relate to. Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.81,0:11:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have been through\Na devastating time in your life, Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.49,0:11:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you have lost someone\Nor something you really care about, Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.29,0:11:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how would you continue to cope? Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.57,0:11:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could you still be able\Nto care for yourself and for your family? Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.37,0:12:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given that the first years\Nof a child's life are crucial Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.53,0:12:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for healthy physical\Nand emotional development, Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.81,0:12:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that 1.5 billion people\Nare experiencing armed conflict -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.81,0:12:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of whom are now\Njoining our communities -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.53,0:12:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we cannot afford to turn a blind eye Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.45,0:12:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the needs of those\Nwho are experiencing war and displacement. Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.73,0:12:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must prioritize\Nthese families' needs -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.21,0:12:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both those who are internally displaced,\Nand those who are refugees worldwide. Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.01,0:12:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These needs must be prioritized\Nby NGO workers, policy makers, Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.05,0:12:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the WHO, the UNHCR\Nand every single one of us Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.37,0:12:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in whatever capacity it is\Nthat we function in our society. Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.98,0:12:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we begin to recognize\Nthe individual faces of the conflict, Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.18,0:12:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we begin to notice\Nthose intricate emotions on their faces, Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.70,0:12:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we begin to see them as humans, too. Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.25,0:12:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We begin to see\Nthe needs of these families, Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.09,0:12:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are the real human needs. Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.16,0:12:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When these family needs are prioritized, Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.88,0:13:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interventions for children\Nin humanitarian settings Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.20,0:13:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will prioritize and recognize the primary\Nrole of the family in supporting children. Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.16,0:13:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Family mental health\Nwill be shouting loud and clear Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.76,0:13:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in global, international agenda. Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.40,0:13:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And children will be less likely\Nto enter social service systems Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.12,0:13:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in resettlement countries Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.72,0:13:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because their families\Nwould have had support earlier on. Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.84,0:13:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we will be more open-minded, Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.60,0:13:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more welcoming, more caring Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.44,0:13:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more trusting to those\Nwho are joining our communities. Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.12,0:13:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to stop wars. Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.04,0:13:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to build a world where children\Ncan dream of planes dropping gifts, Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.72,0:13:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not bombs. Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.64,0:13:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until we stop armed conflicts\Nraging throughout the world, Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.72,0:13:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,families will continue to be displaced, Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.44,0:13:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving children vulnerable. Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.40,0:13:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by improving parenting\Nand caregiver support, Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.48,0:13:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it may be possible to weaken the links\Nbetween war and psychological difficulties Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.76,0:14:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in children and their families. Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.16,0:14:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.40,0:14:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)