Good Morning
Worldwide, over 1.5 billion people
experience armed conflict
In response, people are forced to flee
their country.
leaving over 15 million refugees.
Children without a doubt are
the most innocent and vulnerable victims.
But not just from the obvious
physical dangers,
but from, the often, unspoken affects
that wars have on their families.
The experiences of war leave children
at real high risk
for the development of emotional
and behavioural problems.
Children as we can only imagine,
will feel worried, threaten and at risk.
But there is good news,
the quality of care that children receive
in their families, can have a
more significant effects
on their well-being, than from
the actual experiences of war that
they have been exposed to.
So actually, children can be protected
by warm, secure parenting,
during and after conflict.
In 2011, I was a first year PHD Student
in the University Of Manchester
School Of Physiological Sciences.
Like many of you here, I watched
the crisis in Syria
unfold in front of me on the TV.
My family are originally from Syria,
and very early on
I lost several family members
in really horrifying ways.
I sat and I gathered with my family
and watched the TV.
So we have all seen those scenes,
bombs destroying, buildings,
chaos, destruction.
and people screaming and running.
It was always the people screaming
and running
that really got me the most.
Specially those terrified
looking children.
I was a mother to two young,
typically inquisitive children.
They were five and six then.
At an age when they typically
ask lots and lots of questions
and expect real convincing answers.
So I began to wonder what it might be like
to parent my children in a war-zone
and a refugee camp.
Would my children change?
Would my daughter's bright happy
eyes lose their shine?
Would my son's really relax
care-free nature
become fearful and withdrawn?
How would I cope?
Would I change?
As psychologists and parent's trainers
we know that arming parents
with skills and caring for their children
can have a huge effect on their
well-being.
We call this parents training.
So the questions I had
was could Parent Training programs
be useful for families
while they're still in war-zones or
refugee camps?
Could we reach them with
advice or training
that would help them through
these struggles?
So, I approached my PHD supervisor,
professor Rachel Calam,
with the idea of using my academic skills
to make some changes in the real world.
I wasn't quite sure, exactly,
what I wanted to do.
She listened carefully and patiently,
And then to my joy,
she said:
"If that is what you want to do,
and it means so much to you, then
let's do it.
Let's find ways to see if
parent programs can be useful
for families in this contexts."
So for the past five years myself
and my colleagues,
professor Calam and Dr. Kim Cartwright
have been working on ways
to support families
that have experienced war
and displacement.
Now, to know how to help
families that have been
through conflict, support their children,
The first step must obviously be
to ask them what are they
struggling with. Right?
I mean, it seems obvious,
but often those are the
most vulnerable
that we are trying to support that
we actually don't ask.
How many times have we just assumed
we know exactly the right thing that
is gonna help someone or something
without actually asking them first.
So i travelled to the refugee camps
in Syria and in Turkey.
And I sat with families and I listened.
I listened to the parenting challenges
I listened to the parenting struggles
And I listened to their call for help
And sometimes that was
just paused
as all I could was hold hand
with them and just join them
in silence crying and prayer
So they told me about their struggles
They told me about the rough,
harsh refugee camp condition
That made it hard to focus on
anything but practical chores
like collecting clean water.
He told me how they watch their
children withdrawn,
the sadness, depression, anger
bed-wetting, thumb sucking
fear of loud noises, fear of nightmares,
terrifying terrifying nightmares.
These families had been through
what we had been watching on the TV.
The mothers almost half of them were
now wisdom of the war
or didn't even know their husbands
were dead or alive,
described how they thought they
were coping so badly
They watched their children change
and they had no idea
how to help them.
They didn't know how to answer
their children's questions.
Why I found incredibly
astonishing and so motivational
was that these families was so
motivated to support their children
Despite all these challenges they faced
they were trying to help their children
they were making attempts at seeking
support from NGO workers
from refugee camp teachers,
professional medics, other parents.
One mother I met had only been
account for 4 days
and had already made two attempts
at seeking support
for her eight -year-old daughter
who was having terrifying nightmares.
But sadly, these attempts are
almost always useless.
Refugee camp doctors when available
are almost always too busy or
don't have the knowledge all
the time for basic parenting supports.
Refugee camp teachers and other
parents are just like them
part of a new refugee community
who's struggling with units
So then we began to think
how could we help these families.
The families were struggling with things
much bigger than they could cope with.
The Syrian crisis made it clear how
incredibly impossible it would be
to reach families on an individual level.
How else could we help them.
How would we reach families
at a population level and low-cost
in these terrifying terrifying times.
After hours of speaking to NGO workers
one suggested a fantastic innovative
idea of distributing
parenting information leaflets
by a bread wrappers.
Bread wrappers that were being
delivered to families
in a conflict zone in Syria
by humanitarian workers
So that's what we did
The bread wrappers haven't changed
at all in their apperance
except for the addition of two pieces
of paper.
One was a parenting information leaflet
that had basic advice
and information that normalizes
the parent
what they might be experiencing
and what their child
might be experiencing
and information on how they
could support themselves
and their children
such as information like spending time
talking to a child
showing them more affection
being more patient with your child
talking to your children.
The other piece of paper
was a feedback questionnaire
and of course there was a pen.
So is this simply leaflet distribution
or is it actually possible means of
delivering psychological first aid
that provides warm secure
loving parenting.
We managed to distribute 3000 of these
in just one week.
was incredible was we had
60-percent response rate
Sixty-percent of the three thousand
families responded.
I didn't know how many reasearches
we have here today
but that kind of response rate
is fantastic
to have this in Manchester
would be a huge achivement
Let alone in a conflict zone in Syria
really highlighting how important
these kind of messages work to families.
I remember how excited
and eager we were
for the return of the questionnaires
the families had left hundreds
of messages
most incredibly positive encouraging.
My favorite has got to be
"Thank you for not forgetting about us
and our children".
This really illustrates a potential
means of the delivery of psychological
first aid to families and the return of
feedback too.
Just imagine replicating this using
other means
such as baby look distribution
or female hygiene kits
or even food baskets
Let's bring this closer to home
because the refugee crisis is one
having an effect on every single one of us
We're bombarded with images
daily of statistics
and photos
and that's not surprising
because by last month
over 1 million refugees
had reached europe
1 million refugees are joining
our communities
They're becoming our neighbors
their children are attending
our children schools.
So we've adapted the leaflets to
meet the needs of European refugees
and we have them online open access
and areas with a really high
refugee influx.
For example, the Swedish healthcare
uploaded it
onto their website
within the first 45 mintutes
it was downloaded 343 times
really highlighting how important it is
for volunteers,
practitioners and other parents
to have open
access psychological first aid messages.
In 2014, I was sitting on the cold
harsh floor of a refugee camp tent
with mother sitting around me as
I was conducting a focus group
across from East, an elderly lady
with what seemed to be a 13-year-old
girl lying beside her,
with her head on the other ladies knees.
The girls stayed quiet throughout
the focus group not talking at all
with her knees curled up
against her chest.
Towards the end of the focus group
and as I was thanking the mothers
for their time
the other lady looked at me while
pointing at the young girl
and said to me:" Can you help us with?"
not quite sure what she expected
me to do
I looked at the young girl and smiled,
in Arabic I said
(Arabic)
"What is your name?"
She looked at me really confused
and engaged
but then said:"Halluan"
Halluan is the best name for
the Arabic female name Halla
and is only really used to refer
to really young girls.
At that point, I realized that actually
Hallo was probably much
older than thirteen, it turns out Halla
was a 25-year-old mother
to three young children
Halla had been a confident bright
bubby loving caring mother
to her children.
But the war had changed all about.
She had lived through bombs drop
being dropped in her town.
She had lived through explosions,
when fighter jets were flying around
their building dropping bombs,
her children would be screaming
terrified from the noise.
Halla would frantically grab pillows
and cover her children's ears to
block out the noise.
all the while screaming herself
When they reached the refugee camp
and she knew they were finally
in some kind of safety,
she completely withdrew to acting
like her old childhood self.
She completely rejected her family,
her children, her husband.
Halla simply could no longer cope.
Now this is the parenting struggle
with a really tough ending
but sadly, it is not uncommon.
Those, who experienced armed conflict
and displacement
will face serious emotional struggles
and that's something we can
all relate to.
If you have been through
a devastating time in your life.
If you have lost someone or something
you really care about.
How would you continue to cope?
Could you still be able to care
for yourself and for your family?
Given that the first years
of child's life are crucial
for healthy physical and
emotional development.
And that 1.5 billion people are
experiencing armed conflict.
Many of whom are now joining
our communities.
We can not afford to turn a blind eye
to a need of those who are
experiencing war and displacement.
We must prioritize these family needs
to those both burn internally displaced
and those who are refugees worldwide.
These needs must be prioritized
by NGO workers, policy makers,
the WHO, the UNHCR
and every single one of us
in whatever capacity,
it is that we function in society.
When we begin to recognize the
individual phases of the conflict.
When we begin to notice those
intricate emotions on their faces,
we begin to see them as human too.
We begin to see the needs
of these families.
and these are the real human needs.
When these families needs
are prioritized
interventions for children
in humanitarian settings
will prioritize and recognize the
primary role of the family
in supporting children.
Family mental health will be
shouting loud and clear
in global international agenda
And children will be less likely
to enter social service systems
and resettlement countries
because their families would have
had support earlier on
and we will be more open-minded
more welcoming, more caring
and more trusting
to those who are joining
our communities.
We need to stop wars.
We need to build a world where
children can dream of planes
dropping gifts and not bombs.
Until we stop armed conflicts,
raging throughout the world, families
will continue to be displaced
leaving children vulnerable
but by improving parenting and
caregivers support,
It may be possible to weaken the links
between wars and
psychological difficulties
in children and their families.
Thank you.