[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.29,0:00:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it’s being chained to a burning \Nwheel, turned into a spider,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.84,0:00:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or having an eagle eat one’s liver,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.92,0:00:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greek mythology is filled \Nwith stories of the gods
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.62,0:00:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inflicting gruesome horrors \Non mortals who angered them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.38,0:00:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet one of their most famous \Npunishments is not remembered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.38,0:00:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for its outrageous cruelty, \Nbut for its disturbing familiarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.21,0:00:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sisyphus was the first king of Ephyra, \Nnow known as Corinth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.98,0:00:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although a clever ruler who made his city \Nprosperous, he was also a devious tyrant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.10,0:00:49.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who seduced his niece and \Nkilled visitors to show off his power.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.41,0:00:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This violation of the sacred hospitality \Ntradition greatly angered the gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.96,0:00:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Sisyphus may still have \Navoided punishment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.51,0:01:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it hadn’t been for his \Nreckless confidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.92,0:01:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trouble began when Zeus \Nkidnapped the nymph Aegina,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.50,0:01:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carrying her away in the form \Nof a massive eagle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.45,0:01:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aegina’s father, the river god Asopus, \Npursued their trail to Ephyra,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.41,0:01:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he encountered Sisyphus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.58,0:01:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In exchange for the god making\Na spring inside the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.10,0:01:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the king told Asopus which way \NZeus had taken the girl.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.04,0:01:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Zeus found out, he was so furious\Nthat he ordered Thanatos, or Death,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.69,0:01:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to chain Sisyphus in the underworld \Nso he couldn’t cause any more problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.42,0:01:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Sisyphus lived up to \Nhis crafty reputation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.69,0:01:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As he was about to be imprisoned,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.29,0:01:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the king asked Thanatos to show him \Nhow the chains worked
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.92,0:01:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– and quickly bound him instead, \Nbefore escaping back among the living.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.88,0:02:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With Thanatos trapped, no one could die, \Nand the world was thrown into chaos.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.11,0:02:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things only returned to normal \Nwhen the god of war Ares,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.82,0:02:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upset that battles were no longer fun, \Nfreed Thanatos from his chains.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.19,0:02:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sisyphus knew his reckoning was at hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.20,0:02:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he had another trick up his sleeve.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.54,0:02:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before dying, he asked his wife Merope\Nto throw his body in the public square,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.57,0:02:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from where it eventually washed up on \Nthe shores of the river Styx.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.04,0:02:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now back among the dead, \NSisyphus approached Persephone,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.88,0:02:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,queen of the Underworld, and complained
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.32,0:02:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that his wife had disrespected him \Nby not giving him a proper burial.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.03,0:02:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Persephone granted him permission to go\Nback to the land of living
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.44,0:02:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and punish Merope, on the condition that \Nhe would return when he was done.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.40,0:02:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, Sisyphus refused \Nto keep his promise,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.06,0:03:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now having twice escaped death\Nby tricking the gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.87,0:03:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wouldn’t be a third time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.77,0:03:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the messenger Hermes dragged\NSisyphus back to Hades.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.89,0:03:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The king had thought he was \Nmore clever than the gods,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.91,0:03:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Zeus would have the last laugh.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.14,0:03:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sisyphus’s punishment was \Na straightforward task
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.95,0:03:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– rolling a massive boulder up a hill.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.60,0:03:30.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just as he approached the top, the \Nrock would roll all the way back down,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.100,0:03:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forcing him to start over
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.47,0:03:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,…and over, and over, for all eternity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.96,0:03:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Historians have suggested that the tale \Nof Sisyphus may stem from ancient myths
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.23,0:03:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the rising and setting sun, \Nor other natural cycles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.24,0:03:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the vivid image of someone condemned \Nto endlessly repeat a futile task
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.72,0:04:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has resonated as an allegory \Nabout the human condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.53,0:04:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In his classic essay\NThe Myth of Sisyphus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.02,0:04:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,existentialist philosopher Albert Camus \Ncompared the punishment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.19,0:04:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to humanity’s futile search \Nfor meaning and truth
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.44,0:04:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a meaningless and \Nindifferent universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.68,0:04:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of despairing, Camus imagined \NSisyphus defiantly meeting his fate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.49,0:04:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as he walks down the hill to begin \Nrolling the rock again.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.21,0:04:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even if the daily \Nstruggles of our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.87,0:04:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes seem equally \Nrepetitive and absurd,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.67,0:04:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we still give them significance and value \Nby embracing them as our own.