[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.99,0:00:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to lead here by talking\Na little bit about my credentials
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.62,0:00:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring this up with you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.25,0:00:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, quite honestly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.50,0:00:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you really, really should not listen\Nto any old person with an opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.99,0:00:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about COVID-19.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.60,0:00:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.26,0:00:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've been working in global health\Nfor about 20 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.28,0:00:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my specific technical specialty\Nis in health systems
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.82,0:00:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what happens when health systems\Nexperience severe shocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.72,0:00:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've also worked\Nin global health journalism;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.22,0:00:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've written about\Nglobal health and biosecurity
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.95,0:00:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for newspapers and web outlets,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.09,0:00:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I published a book a few years back
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.27,0:00:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the major global health threats\Nfacing us as a planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.28,0:00:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have supported and led\Nepidemiology efforts
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.07,0:00:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that range from evaluating\NEbola treatment centers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.96,0:00:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to looking at transmission\Nof tuberculosis in health facilities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.12,0:00:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and doing avian influenza preparedness.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.40,0:01:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a master's degree\Nin International Health.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.94,0:01:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not a physician. I'm not a nurse.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.07,0:01:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My specialty isn't patient care\Nor taking care of individual people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.37,0:01:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My specialty is looking at populations\Nand health systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.07,0:01:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happens when diseases\Nmove on the large level.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.29,0:01:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we're ranking sources\Nof global health expertise
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.97,0:01:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a scale of one to 10,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.57,0:01:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one is some random person\Nranting on Facebook
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.22,0:01:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 10 is the World Health Organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.10,0:01:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd say you can probably put me\Nat like a seven or an eight.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.85,0:01:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So keep that in mind as I talk to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.93,0:01:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll start with the basics here,\Nbecause I think that's gotten lost
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.14,0:01:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some of the media\Nnoise around COVID-19.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.28,0:01:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, COVID-19 is a coronavirus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.28,0:01:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coronaviruses are\Na specific subset of virus,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.25,0:01:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have some unique\Ncharacteristics as viruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.69,0:02:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They use RNA instead of DNA\Nas their genetic material,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.45,0:02:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're covered in spikes\Non the surface of the virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.60,0:02:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They use those spikes to invade cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.51,0:02:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those spikes are the corona\Nin coronavirus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.36,0:02:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,COVID-19 is known as a novel coronavirus
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.06,0:02:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, until December,\Nwe'd only heard of six coronaviruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.20,0:02:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,COVID-19 is the seventh.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.14,0:02:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's new to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.32,0:02:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just had its gene sequencing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.94,0:02:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just got its name.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.16,0:02:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why it's novel.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.22,0:02:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you remember SARS,\NSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.45,0:02:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or MERS,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.65,0:02:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.60,0:02:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those were coronaviruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.66,0:02:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're both called\Nrespiratory syndromes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.80,0:02:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what coronaviruses do --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.72,0:02:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they go for your lungs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.54,0:02:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't make you puke, they don't\Nmake you bleed from the eyeballs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.91,0:02:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't make you hemorrhage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.41,0:02:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They head for your lungs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.60,0:02:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,COVID-19 is no different.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.19,0:02:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It causes a range of respiratory symptoms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.54,0:03:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that go from stuff like\Na dry cough and a fever
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.74,0:03:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way out to fatal viral pneumonia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.41,0:03:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that range of symptoms\Nis one of the reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.72,0:03:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually been so hard\Nto track this outbreak.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.09,0:03:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plenty of people get\NCOVID-19 but so gently,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.21,0:03:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their symptoms are so mild, they don't\Neven go to a health care provider.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.20,0:03:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't register in the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.12,0:03:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children, in particular, have it\Nvery easy with COVID-19,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.90,0:03:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is something\Nwe should all be grateful for.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.57,0:03:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coronaviruses are zoonotic,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.96,0:03:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that they transmit\Nfrom animals to people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.24,0:03:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some coronaviruses, like COVID-19,\Nalso transmit person to person.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.59,0:03:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The person-to-person ones\Ntravel faster and travel farther,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.98,0:03:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like COVID-19.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.08,0:03:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zoonotic illnesses\Nare really hard to get rid of,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.44,0:03:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have an animal reservoir.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.23,0:03:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One example is avian influenza,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.28,0:04:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we can abolish it\Nin farmed animals, in turkeys, in ducks,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.40,0:04:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it keeps coming back every year\Nbecause it's brought to us by wild birds.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.65,0:04:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't hear a lot about it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.09,0:04:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because avian influenza\Ndoesn't transmit person-to-person,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.92,0:04:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have outbreaks in poultry farms\Nevery year all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.51,0:04:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,COVID-19 most likely skipped\Nfrom animals into people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.76,0:04:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a wild animal market in Wuhan, China.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.99,0:04:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for the less basic parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.03,0:04:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not the last major outbreak\Nwe're ever going to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.11,0:04:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's going to be more outbreaks,\Nand there's going to be more epidemics.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.40,0:04:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not a maybe. That's a given.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.67,0:04:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a result of the way\Nthat we, as human beings,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.88,0:04:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are interacting with our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.22,0:04:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human choices are driving us\Ninto a position
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.30,0:04:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're going to see more outbreaks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.54,0:04:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of that is about climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.32,0:04:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way a warming climate\Nmakes the world more hospitable
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.30,0:04:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to viruses and bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.29,0:05:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's also about the way we're pushing\Ninto the last wild spaces on our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.92,0:05:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we burn and plow\Nthe Amazon rain forest
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.90,0:05:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can have\Ncheap land for ranching,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.48,0:05:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the last of the African bush\Ngets converted to farms,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.50,0:05:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when wild animals in China\Nare hunted to extinction,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.32,0:05:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human beings come into contact\Nwith wildlife populations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.48,0:05:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they've never come\Ninto contact with before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.30,0:05:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those populations\Nhave new kinds of diseases:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.31,0:05:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bacteria, viruses,\Nstuff we're not ready for.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.61,0:05:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bats, in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.11,0:05:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a knack for hosting illnesses\Nthat can infect people,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.40,0:05:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're not\Nthe only animals that do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.61,0:05:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as long as we keep making\Nour remote places less remote,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.27,0:05:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the outbreaks are going to keep coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.09,0:05:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't stop the outbreaks\Nwith quarantine or travel restrictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.76,0:05:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's everybody's first impulse:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.70,0:05:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's stop the people from moving.\NLet's stop this outbreak from happening."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.59,0:06:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the fact is, it's really hard\Nto get a good quarantine in place.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.10,0:06:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really hard\Nto set up travel restrictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.20,0:06:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even the countries that have made\Nserious investments in public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.87,0:06:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the US and South Korea,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.59,0:06:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't get that kind of restriction\Nin place fast enough
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.30,0:06:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually stop an outbreak instantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.12,0:06:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's logistical reasons for that,\Nand there's medical reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.67,0:06:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at COVID-19 right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.53,0:06:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it seems like it could have a period\Nwhere you're infected and show no symptoms
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.57,0:06:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's as long as 24 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.46,0:06:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people are walking around\Nwith this virus showing no signs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.40,0:06:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not going to get quarantined.\NNobody knows they need quarantining.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.09,0:06:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also some real costs to quarantine\Nand to travel restrictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.94,0:06:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humans are social animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.70,0:06:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they resist when you try\Nto hold them into place
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.53,0:06:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you try to separate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.73,0:07:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw in the Ebola outbreak that as soon\Nas you put a quarantine in place,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.72,0:07:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people start trying to evade it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.15,0:07:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individual patients, if they know\Nthere's a strict quarantine protocol,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.23,0:07:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may not go for health care,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.38,0:07:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're afraid of the medical\Nsystem or they can't afford care
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.85,0:07:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they don't want to be separated\Nfrom their family and friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.16,0:07:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Politicians, government officials,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.10,0:07:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they know that they're\Ngoing to get quarantined
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.58,0:07:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they talk about outbreaks and cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.47,0:07:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may conceal real information for fear\Nof triggering a quarantine protocol.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.52,0:07:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, of course, these kinds\Nof evasions and dishonesty
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.30,0:07:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are exactly what makes it so difficult\Nto track a disease outbreak.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.10,0:07:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can get better at quarantines\Nand travel restrictions, and we should,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.26,0:07:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're not our only option,\Nand they're not our best option
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.38,0:07:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for dealing with these situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.32,0:07:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real way for the long haul\Nto make outbreaks less serious
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.82,0:07:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to build the global health system
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.61,0:07:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support core health care functions\Nin every country in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.84,0:08:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that all countries, even poor ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.31,0:08:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are able to rapidly identify and treat\Nnew infectious diseases as they emerge.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.38,0:08:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China's taken a lot of criticism\Nfor its response to COVID-19.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.09,0:08:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the fact is, what if COVID-19\Nhad emerged in Chad,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.50,0:08:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has three and a half doctors\Nfor every hundred thousand people?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.100,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if it had emerged\Nin the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.02,0:08:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which just released its last\NEbola patient from treatment?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.19,0:08:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is, countries like this\Ndon't have the resources
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.19,0:08:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to respond to an infectious disease --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.38,0:08:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to treat people\Nand not to report on it fast enough
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.11,0:08:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help the rest of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.88,0:08:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I led an evaluation of Ebola\Ntreatment centers in Sierra Leone,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.82,0:08:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the fact is that\Nlocal doctors in Sierra Leone
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.95,0:08:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identified the Ebola crisis very quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.94,0:08:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first as a dangerous,\Ncontagious hemorrhagic virus
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.92,0:08:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then as Ebola itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.42,0:09:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, having identified it,\Nthey didn't have the resources to respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.58,0:09:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't have enough doctors,\Nthey didn't have enough hospital beds
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.97,0:09:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't have enough information\Nabout how to treat Ebola
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.05,0:09:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how to implement infection control.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.08,0:09:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eleven doctors died\Nin Sierra Leone of Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.83,0:09:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The country only had 120\Nwhen the crisis started.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.88,0:09:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By way of contrast,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.38,0:09:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dallas Baylor Medical Center has\Nmore than a thousand physicians on staff.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.62,0:09:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the kinds\Nof inequities that kill people.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.45,0:09:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, they kill the poor people\Nwhen the outbreaks start,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.22,0:09:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they kill people\Nall over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.69,0:09:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the outbreaks spread.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.96,0:09:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we really want to slow down\Nthese outbreaks
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.26,0:09:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and minimize their impact,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.89,0:09:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to make sure\Nthat every country in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.01,0:09:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has the capacity to identify new diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.90,0:09:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treat them
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.18,0:09:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and report about them so\Nthey can share information.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.44,0:09:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,COVID-19 is going to be\Na huge burden on health systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.52,0:09:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,COVID-19 has also revealed\Nsome real weaknesses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.01,0:10:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our global health supply chains.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.40,0:10:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just-in-time-ordering, lean systems\Nare great when things are going well,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.16,0:10:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a time of crisis, what it means is\Nwe don't have any reserves.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.22,0:10:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a hospital -- or a country --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.60,0:10:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,runs out of face masks\Nor personal protective equipment,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.52,0:10:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no big warehouse full of boxes\Nthat we can go to to get more.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.28,0:10:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to order more from the supplier,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.26,0:10:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to wait for them to produce it\Nand you have to wait for them to ship it,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.20,0:10:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generally from China.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.38,0:10:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a time lag at a time\Nwhen it's most important to move quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.39,0:10:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we'd been perfectly\Nprepared for COVID-19,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.43,0:10:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China would have identified\Nthe outbreak faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.98,0:10:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would have been ready\Nto provide care to infected people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.56,0:10:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having to build new buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.13,0:10:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would have shared\Nhonest information with citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.39,0:10:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we didn't see these\Ncrazy rumors spreading
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.82,0:10:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on social media in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.82,0:10:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they would have shared information\Nwith global health authorities
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.20,0:11:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could start reporting\Nto national health systems
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.12,0:11:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting ready\Nfor when the virus spread.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.96,0:11:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,National health systems would then\Nhave been able to stockpile
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.08,0:11:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the protective equipment they needed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.88,0:11:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and train health care providers\Non treatment and infection control.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.19,0:11:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd have science-based protocols\Nfor what to do when things happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.35,0:11:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like cruise ships have infected patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.98,0:11:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'd have real information\Ngoing out to people everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.31,0:11:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we wouldn't see embarrassing,\Nshameful incidents of xenophobia,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.38,0:11:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Asian-looking people getting attacked\Non the street in Philadelphia.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.40,0:11:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even with all of that in place,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.21,0:11:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would still have outbreaks.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.94,0:11:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The choices we're making about\Nhow we occupy this planet
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.69,0:11:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make that inevitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.00,0:11:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as we have an expert consensus\Non COVID-19, it's this:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.01,0:11:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here in the US, and globally,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.32,0:11:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to get worse\Nbefore it gets better.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.49,0:11:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're seeing cases of human transmission\Nthat aren't from returning travel,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.96,0:12:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are just happening in the community,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.08,0:12:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're seeing people\Ninfected with COVID-19
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.32,0:12:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we don't even know\Nwhere the infection came from.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.53,0:12:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are signs of an outbreak\Nthat's getting worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.28,0:12:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not an outbreak that's under control.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.30,0:12:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's depressing, but it's not surprising.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.15,0:12:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Global health experts,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.39,0:12:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they talk about\Nthe scenario of new viruses,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.36,0:12:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is one of the scenarios\Nthat they look at.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.98,0:12:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all hoped we'd get off easy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.57,0:12:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when experts\Ntalk about viral planning,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.98,0:12:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the kind of situation and the way\Nthey expect the virus to move.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.73,0:12:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to close here\Nwith some personal advice.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.52,0:12:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wash your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.44,0:12:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wash your hands a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.86,0:12:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know you already wash your hands a lot\Nbecause you're not disgusting,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.24,0:12:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but wash your hands even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.47,0:12:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Set up cues and routines in your life\Nto get you to wash your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.45,0:12:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wash your hands every time\Nyou enter and leave a building.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.44,0:13:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wash your hands when you go into a meeting\Nand when you come out of a meeting.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.17,0:13:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get rituals that are based\Naround handwashing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.16,0:13:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sanitize your phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.04,0:13:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You touch that phone with your dirty,\Nunwashed hands all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.84,0:13:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know you take it\Ninto the bathroom with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.30,0:13:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.26,0:13:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sanitize your phone and consider\Nnot using it as often in public.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.34,0:13:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe TikTok and Instagram\Ncan be home things only.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.55,0:13:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't touch your face.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.89,0:13:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't rub your eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.56,0:13:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't bite your fingernails.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.04,0:13:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't wipe your nose\Non the back of your hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.23,0:13:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, don't do that anyway\Nbecause, gross.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.34,0:13:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.11,0:13:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't wear a face mask.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.16,0:13:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Face masks are for sick people\Nand health care providers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.50,0:13:45.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're sick, your face mask\Nholds in all your coughing and sneezing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.43,0:13:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and protects the people around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.61,0:13:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you're a health care provider,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.46,0:13:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your face mask is one tool\Nin a set of tools
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.09,0:13:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called personal protective equipment
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.95,0:13:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're trained to use\Nso that you can give patient care
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.83,0:13:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not get sick yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.46,0:14:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're a regular healthy person\Nwearing a face mask,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.50,0:14:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just making your face sweaty.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.75,0:14:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.92,0:14:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leave the face masks in stores
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.34,0:14:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the doctors and the nurses\Nand the sick people.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.20,0:14:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think you have\Nsymptoms of COVID-19,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.71,0:14:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stay home, call your doctor for advice.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.14,0:14:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're diagnosed with COVID-19,\Nremember it's generally very mild.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.60,0:14:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you're a smoker,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.08,0:14:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right now is the best\Npossible time to quit smoking.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.68,0:14:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, if you're a smoker,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.05,0:14:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right now is always the best\Npossible time to quit smoking,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.49,0:14:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you're a smoker\Nand you're worried about COVID-19,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.38,0:14:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guarantee that quitting\Nis absolutely the best thing you can do
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.16,0:14:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect yourself\Nfrom the worst impacts of COVID-19.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.85,0:14:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,COVID-19 is scary stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.37,0:14:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a time when pretty much all of our news\Nfeels like scary stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.10,0:14:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a lot of bad but appealing\Noptions for dealing with it:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.12,0:15:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,panic, xenophobia,\Nagoraphobia, authoritarianism,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.43,0:15:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oversimplified lies that make us think\Nthat hate and fury and loneliness
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.27,0:15:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the solution to outbreaks.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.44,0:15:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're not.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.68,0:15:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just make us less prepared.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.36,0:15:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also a boring\Nbut useful set of options
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.59,0:15:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can use in response to outbreaks,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.33,0:15:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like improving health care\Nhere and everywhere;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.75,0:15:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,investing in health infrastructure\Nand disease surveillance
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.97,0:15:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we know\Nwhen the new diseases come;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.33,0:15:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,building health systems\Nall over the world;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.29,0:15:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at strengthening our supply chains\Nso they're ready for emergencies;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.89,0:15:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and better education,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.04,0:15:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we're capable of talking about disease\Noutbreaks and the mathematics of risk
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.55,0:15:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without just blind panic.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.79,0:15:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be guided by equity here,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.94,0:15:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in this situation, like so many,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.28,0:15:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equity is actually\Nin our own self-interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.73,0:15:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So thank you so much\Nfor listening to me today,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.45,0:16:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can I be the first one to tell you:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.37,0:16:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wash your hands\Nwhen you leave the theater.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.56,0:16:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)