[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may have heard Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the Koran's idea of paradise Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being 72 virgins, Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I promise I will come back to those virgins. Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact, here in the northwest, Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're living very close Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the real Koranic idea of paradise, Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,defined 36 times Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as "gardens watered by running streams." Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since I live on a houseboat on the running stream of Lake Union, Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this makes perfect sense to me. Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing is, how come it's news to most people? Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know many well-intentioned non-Muslims Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who've begun reading the Koran, but given up, Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disconcerted by its "otherness." Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The historian Thomas Carlyle Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,considered Muhammad one of the world's greatest heroes, Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet even he called the Koran Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"as toilsome reading as I ever undertook, Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a wearisome, confused jumble." Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of the problem, I think, Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we imagine that the Koran can be read Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we usually read a book -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as though we can curl up with it on a rainy afternoon Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a bowl of popcorn within reach, Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as though God -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Koran is entirely in the voice of God speaking to Muhammad -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were just another author on the bestseller list. Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet the fact that so few people Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do actually read the Koran Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is precisely why it's so easy to quote -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, to misquote. Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Phrases and snippets taken out of context Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what I call the "highlighter version," Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the one favored by both Muslim fundamentalists Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anti-Muslim Islamophobes. Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this past spring, Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I was gearing up Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin writing a biography of Muhammad, Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized I needed to read the Koran properly -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as properly as I could, that is. Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My Arabic's reduced by now Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to wielding a dictionary, Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I took four well-known translations Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided to read them side-by-side, Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,verse-by-verse Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with a transliteration Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the original seventh-century Arabic. Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I did have an advantage. Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My last book Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was about the story behind the Shi'a-Sunni split, Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for that I'd worked closely with the earliest Islamic histories, Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I knew the events Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to which the Koran constantly refers, Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its frame of reference. Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew enough, that is, to know Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'd be a tourist in the Koran -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an informed one, Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an experienced one even, Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still an outsider, Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an agnostic Jew Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reading some else's holy book. Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I read slowly. Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd set aside three weeks for this project, Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that, I think, is what is meant by "hubris" -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- because it turned out to be three months. Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did resist the temptation to skip to the back Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the shorter and more clearly mystical chapters are. Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But every time I thought I was beginning Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get a handle on the Koran -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that feeling of "I get it now" -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would slip away overnight, Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'd come back in the morning Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wondering if I wasn't lost in a strange land, Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet the terrain was very familiar. Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Koran declares that it comes Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to renew the message of the Torah and the Gospels. Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one-third of it Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reprises the stories of Biblical figures Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Abraham, Moses, Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joseph, Mary, Jesus. Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,God himself was utterly familiar Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from his earlier manifestation as Yahweh -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,jealously insisting on no other gods. Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The presence of camels, mountains, Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,desert wells and springs Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took me back to the year I spent Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wandering the Sinai Desert. Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:03:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there was the language, Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rhythmic cadence of it, Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reminding me of evenings spent listening to Bedouin elders Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recite hours-long narrative poems Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entirely from memory. Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.00,0:04:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I began to grasp Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why it's said Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Koran is really the Koran Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only in Arabic. Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the Fatihah, Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the seven-verse opening chapter Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is the Lord's Prayer and the Shema Yisrael of Islam combined. Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just 29 words in Arabic, Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but anywhere from 65 to 72 in translation. Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet the more you add, Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more seems to go missing. Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Arabic has an incantatory, Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost hypnotic, quality Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that begs to be heard rather than read, Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,felt more than analyzed. Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wants to be chanted out loud, Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sound its music in the ear and on the tongue. Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Koran in English Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a kind of shadow of itself, Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or as Arthur Arberry called his version, Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"an interpretation." Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all is not lost in translation. Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the Koran promises, patience is rewarded, Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are many surprises -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a degree of environmental awareness, for instance, Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of humans as mere stewards of God's creation, Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unmatched in the Bible. Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.00,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And where the Bible is addressed exclusively to men, Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the second and third person masculine, Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Koran includes women -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking, for instance, Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of believing men and believing women, Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honorable men and honorable women. Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or take the infamous verse Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about killing the unbelievers. Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, it does say that, Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a very specific context: Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the anticipated conquest Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.00,0:05:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the sanctuary city of Mecca Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.00,0:05:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where fighting was usually forbidden, Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the permission comes hedged about with qualifiers. Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not "You must kill unbelievers in Mecca," Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can, you are allowed to, Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but only after a grace period is over Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only if there's no other pact in place Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only if they try to stop you getting to the Kaaba, Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only if they attack you first. Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even then -- God is merciful; Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forgiveness is supreme -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so, essentially, Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better if you don't. Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was perhaps the biggest surprise -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.00,0:06:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how flexible the Koran is, Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least in minds that are not Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fundamentally inflexible. Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some of these verses are definite in meaning," it says, Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.00,0:06:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and others are ambiguous." Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The perverse at heart Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.00,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will seek out the ambiguities, Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to create discord Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by pinning down meanings of their own. Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only God knows the true meaning. Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The phrase "God is subtle" Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appears again and again, Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed, the whole of the Koran is far more subtle Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.00,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than most of us have been led to believe. Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As in, for instance, Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that little matter Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of virgins and paradise. Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Old-fashioned Orientalism comes into play here. Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The word used four times Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is Houris, Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rendered as Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dark-eyed maidens with swelling breasts, Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or as fair, high-bosomed virgins. Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet all there is in the original Arabic Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that one word: Houris. Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not a swelling breast nor a high bosom in sight. Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.00,0:07:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.00,0:07:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this may be a way of saying Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.00,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"pure beings" -- like in angels -- Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it may be like the Greek Kouros or Kórē, Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.00,0:07:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an eternal youth. Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the truth is nobody really knows, Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the point. Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the Koran is quite clear Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it says that you'll be Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.00,0:08:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a new creation in paradise" Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.00,0:08:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that you will be "recreated Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a form unknown to you," Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which seems to me a far more appealing prospect Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a virgin. Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that number 72 never appears. Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are no 72 virgins Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Koran. Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.00,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That idea only came into being 300 years later, Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most Islamic scholars see it as the equivalent Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people with wings sitting on clouds Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and strumming harps. Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paradise is quite the opposite. Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not virginity; Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.00,0:08:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's fecundity. Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's plenty. Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.00,0:08:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's gardens watered Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.00,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by running streams. Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:09:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)