WEBVTT

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...that's from Singapore, (really?)

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Yes.

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Wow, very cool.

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Okay. Well,

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thank you for the warm welcome.

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I don't want to talk too much

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because I, you know,

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I don't want to bore you with too much.

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But I want to know a little bit more

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about what you are doing.

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It's very (easy) for me because

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as William mentioned, you know

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one day out of the (blue) he showed up

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in the South of Switzerland

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with the whole family

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to come and attend the workshop

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to learn about Arduino.

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And it was very (interesting) for us

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to see somebody coming from so far away

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to learn this thing.

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And also, I'm very – I'm very impressed

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with the work that - that you have done

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to kind of, you know, rally the makers

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here in Singapore

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and have a space like this.

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And I think

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it's also very interesting

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that you are a teacher

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by training, no?

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And we will be discussing today about

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how it is now important

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to start teaching

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this kind of stuff in school

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because when I started working

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on Arduino,

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I was in a Master's degree for

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– I was teaching in a Master's degree

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for designers,

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specifically Interaction Designers

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so that the prototyping aspect

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is very important.

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And really

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getting a functioning prototype

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was a very important idea.

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And I guess

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when I was doing this,

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it wasn't such

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an obvious thing

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like – like in Italy

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where I come from

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it's very famous for design,

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but they tend

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to do like

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non-really functioning prototypes,

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you know, they

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there is no – there were no designers

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kind of messing with electronics.

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They didn't deal

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with this kind of stuff.

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While it was much more

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of a Northern European idea

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that designers should mess

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with electronics,

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and mechanics,

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and you know, everything.

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You know, they should be dealing -

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kind of interested

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in using these kind of tools.

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And then we

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kind of realized

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that a lot of the tools -

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there is an interesting thing

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that happens

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in the world of technology

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that there is

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a strange resistance

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to make tools

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that simplify the life

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of grown-ups.

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Now if you're trying

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to make a tool for children,

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everybody says,

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“Oh yeah, children.

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We need to make tools

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to teach children how to code.

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Everybody is trying to make robots

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to teach kids how to code.”

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And there’s like

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a thousand of these robots

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and they're all the same,

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because teaching kids is good.

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As soon as you say,

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“I want to make it easier for adults

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to understand about electronics.”

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No. No, because grown ups

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need to learn the right way,

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which normally means

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an incredibly old fashion way

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way of teaching

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that's very theoretical,

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that nobody gets interested in.

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And so it restricts

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the number of people

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that have access to these technologies.

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Well, one of the ideas

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that I was very - interested is -

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to how – how do you create tools

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that enable everyday people

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to try to work

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with electronics creatively.

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There's also obviously

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a bit of a political element to this

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because if there – in the world

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that we're living

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is becoming completely digital.

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You know, everything is digital now.

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You do music with and with computers

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you do cinema with computers,

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we do a lot of things with computers.

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And even like

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the most classic activities are –

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you know, yesterday I was crossing

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border from Malaysia into Singapore

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and we have to carry

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a piece of electronics

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into the country.

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And the people I was with,

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they've checked the customs

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on a mobile phone.

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They had a mobile app

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to clear customs,

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which for me is a “Wow.”

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But l said like

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totally 21st century, you know.

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But if you cross it into the boarder

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even if they pull out the piece of paper

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that was printed in 1912,

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and they have to pull out,

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they stamp it notes,

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you crossed the border

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like you crossed the border

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a hundred years before, you know.

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So it's kind of – I said, “Wow.

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This place is really, you know,

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in the next century.”

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I mean we are technically

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in the 21st century,

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but a lot of countries are still stucked

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in the 20th century.

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They haven't made the transition yet.

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And so what I'm saying is that

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if the world where we're living

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everything is digital,

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then who designs

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the technology that we use?

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Change is also the way that we live.

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And so, if the number of people

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who are participating in innovating,

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in inventing things

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is limited to a smaller

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set of the population,

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then it means that

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a smaller group of people

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decides how we live our digital life.

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And since our digital life

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and the real life is becoming,

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you know, very- one thing,

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then basically they decide

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how we live our lives.

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So clearly we need

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a lot more people that are involved

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in using technology creatively.

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We need to teach –

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we need to explain to people that

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if you used electronic

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as a creative tool,

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it's not that you're

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becoming an engineer,

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it's a different thing, you know.

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Being an engineer really requires

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a little bit more training and

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but inventing and doing creative work

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with electronics doesn't require you

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to do five years of

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or three years of, you know, university.

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You can learn something

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without that kind of

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you can build something

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with less knowledge

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with just enough

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what you do invent something

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to have ideas.

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Also because a lot of the things

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that I noticed is that

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if you take a farmer

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and the farmer explains his problems

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to an engineer,

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the engineer won't make something

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that kind of works, you know,

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because they'll be obviously smart,

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very intelligent already.

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But it will never be

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the same as in the

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as a farmer that comes up

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with an idea because they understand

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what it means to be a farmer

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and they understand how to use

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the technology to fix that.

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And this applies to doctors for example.

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So today I've met your

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the Minister of

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or the Foreign Affairs of Singapore,

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and I was so shocked

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because he's an Arduino user,

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he knew everything about Arduino.

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He was making a very difficult

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technical questions about this.

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I gave him as this WiFi board

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as a present and we were like

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we were debating like encryption keys

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and power consumption and like

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and I thought he was an engineer

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and then I realized he's an eye doctor.

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But then the neat idea is

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if an eye doctor

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understands technologies like

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Arduino so well,

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imagine what kind of innovation

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he can bring to the world

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of his profession of

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being an eye doctor.

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Then somebody else would

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never be able to do.

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So that's why I think that

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making tools that make life simple

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to people is something that

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is very important

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to really enable people to innovate.

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And also I think

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it's the work that we do as makers

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doesn't stop at the

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electronics or the software.

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There's a lot of other things

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that we do that are not

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about electronics and software

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that kind of enable people.

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Like for example,

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I used to go to the Maker Faire in the US.

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And although there were like 100,000 people

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at the Maker Faire in California,

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I was kind of like, you know,

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I was a privileged person

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because my company paid for me to go to California

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and there's a lot of people that would like to go

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and see the Maker Faire in California,

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but they don't have the money to go.

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So, and I thought I need bring this

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Maker Faire to Europe

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but not just a mini-Maker Faire,

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I need to bring the Maker Faire to Europe

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that's like big and –

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so I worked with a bunch of people

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that enabled me to bring

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the Maker Faire to Rome in Italy

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and we've decided to organize

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as a European Maker Faire.

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And so this year we have 100,000 people

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coming to see the Faire from all over Europe

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but also people from China and India

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came to see the Maker Faire in Rome.

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And then we have 600 makers from 31 countries.

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And even that does – doesn't have anything

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to do with electronics,

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I think it's also important

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to create these occasions for people to meet,

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to understand what they're doing, to exchange.

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So this Maker Faire, which now is like -

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was the third edition in Rome

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already enable the bunch of people

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to transform their ideas into companies.

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So there was some kids

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that showed up the first year

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with like a prototype of a 3D printer.

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And now they are one of the most

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established 3D printer companies in Europe.

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And so there was a lot of these things

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that we saw happened.

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So sometimes it's not about just the technology,

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but it's also to create

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events, places, situation, you know,

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William was mentioning that

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we created the first FabLab in Italy.

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Because you know, I was

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I went to the MIT a number of times

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so I saw the first FabLab.

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And then one day,

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we were looking at the some of the government

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to make it short story

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asked me to organize something

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for a specific event and that would be in Italy.

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And it was supposed

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to be something about the future of work.

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So the Italian way to do this would have be

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to take money from the government,

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put some panels on the wall

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and just put the money

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in my pocket and walk away.

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And then I said,

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“No, that's not going to be it.

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I'm not making an exhibition

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about the future work,

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which is a panels printed on the wall

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like kids and again,

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18, 20, you know.”

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So let's try – so we've said,

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“Let's first organize our work in FabLab.”

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And we realized that

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there were FabLabs here everywhere

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including Afghanistan.

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But there was no FabLab in Italy.

00:09:38.284 --> 00:09:41.509
So I used the money for this exhibition

00:09:41.509 --> 00:09:44.800
to create the first FabLab in Italy.

00:09:44.800 --> 00:09:45.884
So in a week, you know,

00:09:45.884 --> 00:09:48.007
creating the spaces, creating these events,

00:09:48.007 --> 00:09:51.569
creating this opportunities is as important

00:09:51.569 --> 00:09:53.569
as working on the technology.

00:09:53.569 --> 00:09:54.736
So, you know,

00:09:54.736 --> 00:09:56.736
as makers we kind of have this.

00:09:57.164 --> 00:09:58.868
We make stuff

00:09:58.868 --> 00:10:00.565
but we also kind of work with people

00:10:00.565 --> 00:10:02.729
and help them, you know,

00:10:02.736 --> 00:10:04.736
learn, you know,

00:10:04.736 --> 00:10:07.017
make us learn from each other a lot.

00:10:07.129 --> 00:10:09.129
So in a way,

00:10:09.129 --> 00:10:11.273
you make stuff but you also have a mission,

00:10:11.273 --> 00:10:15.603
to help other people and, you know, and it becomes

00:10:15.603 --> 00:10:17.458
as so I think it's, you know, what we do

00:10:17.458 --> 00:10:19.700
is can have impact, you know,

00:10:19.700 --> 00:10:22.485
I've met a lot of makers in these years

00:10:22.485 --> 00:10:25.302
I've been working on Arduino

00:10:25.302 --> 00:10:28.813
and I have met people who have built medical devices

00:10:28.813 --> 00:10:31.548
that solve, you know, farmers

00:10:31.548 --> 00:10:34.584
– to solve problems for farmers in South America.

00:10:34.584 --> 00:10:36.462
So there was a bunch of people that actually used this

00:10:36.462 --> 00:10:40.783
technology to effectively, positively impact people's life

00:10:40.783 --> 00:10:42.826
and I think this is possible.

00:10:42.826 --> 00:10:45.174
If you call yourself a maker,

00:10:45.174 --> 00:10:49.103
you kind of have to think that part of your

00:10:49.103 --> 00:10:52.727
“job description” is to help other people in a way,

00:10:52.727 --> 00:10:55.609
you know, with your knowledge or, you know,

00:10:55.593 --> 00:10:58.336
by making by simpler or, you know,

00:10:58.336 --> 00:11:01.188
organizing an event, organizing a space like this one

00:11:01.188 --> 00:11:03.007
and stuff like that.

00:11:03.007 --> 00:11:05.092
So this is kind of what, you know,

00:11:05.092 --> 00:11:10.161
I like - of what happened when we worked on a tool

00:11:10.161 --> 00:11:11.948
that was supposed to help the life of

00:11:11.948 --> 00:11:18.048
physically 25 people because in the schools

00:11:18.048 --> 00:11:22.371
where I teach the classes have 20 people – 25 people.

00:11:22.371 --> 00:11:25.317
So we built the school 25 people and now

00:11:25.317 --> 00:11:30.117
it has – funny enough, there's 25 million people,

00:11:30.117 --> 00:11:34.237
visit the Arduino website at least once in a year,

00:11:34.237 --> 00:11:38.079
which is kind of a multiply – they're multiplying

00:11:38.079 --> 00:11:39.701
the effects that we create, you know.

00:11:39.701 --> 00:11:42.656
There was imagined for – to help 25 people

00:11:42.656 --> 00:11:45.643
and it's like 25 million people are kind of find

00:11:45.643 --> 00:11:48.557
to figure out what are these or they're using these.

00:11:48.557 --> 00:11:51.524
So I'm obviously, I'm super surprised about

00:11:51.524 --> 00:11:56.486
what happened and it's kind of, I never thought

00:11:56.486 --> 00:12:00.360
it was going to be this big, but, you know, I'm glad.

00:12:00.360 --> 00:12:02.477
But I'm more also - to see those who are learning

00:12:02.477 --> 00:12:04.958
about what you are doing and, you know,

00:12:04.958 --> 00:12:07.431
how you will use this kind of tools of high,

00:12:07.431 --> 00:12:09.658
you know, what it needs for you to be a maker,

00:12:09.658 --> 00:12:11.208
what do you make?

00:12:11.208 --> 00:12:15.891
And so, are you all Arduino users here?

00:12:15.891 --> 00:12:19.392
Raise your hands so I can (looked).

00:12:19.392 --> 00:12:21.567
Okay, that's very good. That's very good.

00:12:21.567 --> 00:12:25.146
Do you know how – how many users

00:12:25.127 --> 00:12:28.448
how many at home fix the user?

00:12:28.448 --> 00:12:30.448
It's very difficult to estimate.

00:12:30.448 --> 00:12:32.448
Actually yes. So from – I think

00:12:32.448 --> 00:12:35.786
so what I meant is if you can – if you want to ask me

00:12:35.786 --> 00:12:39.291
question, that's better to listen to your questions

00:12:39.291 --> 00:12:41.257
than kind of talking to you is like a very – this

00:12:41.257 --> 00:12:43.257
going on, and on, and on, and on.

00:12:43.257 --> 00:12:45.557
So I'm more (interested) in what you have to say.

00:12:45.557 --> 00:12:48.550
Now and then, the number of users that are probably

00:12:48.550 --> 00:12:50.550
in community is very difficult to estimate

00:12:50.550 --> 00:12:52.550
because obviously, you know, Raspberry Pi

00:12:52.550 --> 00:12:54.550
has an easy job, therefore

00:12:54.550 --> 00:12:56.550
they don't – they're the only one making this so they

00:12:56.550 --> 00:12:58.550
know exactly how many there are.

00:12:58.550 --> 00:13:00.689
But Arduino is kind of open-source,

00:13:00.689 --> 00:13:03.485
so everybody is, you know,

00:13:03.485 --> 00:13:05.485
either making their own ‘duinos or

00:13:05.485 --> 00:13:08.835
buy the Arduinos for China or

00:13:08.835 --> 00:13:10.835
something like that.

00:13:13.708 --> 00:13:19.240
That's okay. But you know, it's open-source hardware,

00:13:19.240 --> 00:13:21.240
as long as you don't call it Arduino, you can

00:13:21.240 --> 00:13:23.240
do whatever you want.

00:13:23.240 --> 00:13:26.731
So the – what can I say is that.

00:13:26.731 --> 00:13:32.021
October 2015 or October 2016,

00:13:32.021 --> 00:13:35.121
25 million people made at least

00:13:35.121 --> 00:13:37.121
one visit to the Arduino website.

00:13:38.937 --> 00:13:41.188
There was – then obviously,

00:13:41.188 --> 00:13:43.188
this means there was somebody that showed up,

00:13:43.188 --> 00:13:45.800
looked at the homepage and said “What is this bullshit?”

00:13:45.800 --> 00:13:47.080
then scroll the browser.

00:13:47.080 --> 00:13:50.645
And then people will spend maybe an hour.

00:13:50.645 --> 00:13:52.645
The average visit duration on the

00:13:52.645 --> 00:13:54.645
Arduino website is six minutes,

00:13:54.645 --> 00:13:56.645
which for a website is a lot of time.

00:13:56.645 --> 00:13:58.645
Because it means that if somebody

00:13:58.645 --> 00:14:00.784
open the page and click this. So one second.

00:14:00.784 --> 00:14:02.784
And somebody spent the whole afternoon

00:14:02.784 --> 00:14:04.912
browsing through all the documentation,

00:14:04.912 --> 00:14:06.912
like “Oh my god. What is this, you know.”

00:14:06.912 --> 00:14:08.912
So there's a interesting,

00:14:08.912 --> 00:14:10.912
you know, it means there is –

00:14:10.912 --> 00:14:13.097
that the website is a tool that you use

00:14:13.097 --> 00:14:16.118
to learn, to communicate to the forum,

00:14:16.118 --> 00:14:22.179
has now many million messages posted on it.

00:14:22.179 --> 00:14:24.713
And it's available in several different languages.

00:14:24.713 --> 00:14:26.713
So most of the other thing that I

00:14:26.713 --> 00:14:30.271
visit from – I think in the last year

00:14:30.271 --> 00:14:33.812
that IDE was downloaded 11 million times.

00:14:34.192 --> 00:14:36.982
But that's not a good indication

00:14:36.982 --> 00:14:38.982
because the statistic say that

00:14:38.982 --> 00:14:42.077
there is very few people connecting from China,

00:14:42.077 --> 00:14:45.317
which is strange because when I go to China,

00:14:45.317 --> 00:14:46.992
everybody is doing Arduino.

00:14:46.992 --> 00:14:51.349
Then I realized is that

00:14:51.349 --> 00:14:54.414
(inaudible) some Chinese Arduino communities

00:14:54.414 --> 00:14:56.801
has sort of created their own Arduino website.

00:14:57.856 --> 00:14:59.960
And so I guess a number of

00:14:59.960 --> 00:15:01.960
people download the software

00:15:01.960 --> 00:15:03.960
from a Chinese server that doesn't

00:15:03.960 --> 00:15:05.253
go through our server.

00:15:05.253 --> 00:15:09.715
So, we don't know exactly how many people

00:15:09.715 --> 00:15:11.715
– it is interesting to see that in the first

00:15:11.715 --> 00:15:14.669
week that we release a new version of the IDE.

00:15:14.669 --> 00:15:18.992
We had maybe 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 downloads.

00:15:18.992 --> 00:15:22.771
maybe about - sorry 1,700,000 in

00:15:22.771 --> 00:15:24.771
the first like three to four days.

00:15:24.771 --> 00:15:27.149
And this to me indicates what's kind of

00:15:27.149 --> 00:15:29.149
a hardcore part of the community

00:15:29.149 --> 00:15:31.149
is what we want for some million

00:15:31.149 --> 00:15:33.149
people who are kind of using it,

00:15:33.149 --> 00:15:35.149
you know, it's their main tool.

00:15:36.627 --> 00:15:37.744
Then you'll never know,

00:15:37.744 --> 00:15:39.744
because there are number of people who are still

00:15:39.773 --> 00:15:43.958
stuck at Arduino 1.0.6

00:15:43.958 --> 00:15:45.958
And they don't want to update,

00:15:47.330 --> 00:15:50.518
which is kind of weird, you know, because it's

00:15:50.518 --> 00:15:53.157
I don't know. It’s like you, you are – I don't know.

00:15:53.157 --> 00:15:55.157
It's like those people who use

00:15:55.157 --> 00:15:58.069
Word1.0 to write documents.

00:15:58.069 --> 00:15:58.796
And they're like,

00:15:58.796 --> 00:16:01.417
“Oh, I'm never upgrading. This is fantastic.”

00:16:01.417 --> 00:16:03.908
Yeah like the romantic one. The romantic one.

00:16:03.908 --> 00:16:07.154
Yeah, also they're crazy also.

00:16:07.154 --> 00:16:09.450
Do you know the guy that writes Game of Thrones?

00:16:09.450 --> 00:16:11.450
He writes everything on an

00:16:11.450 --> 00:16:14.522
old 1980s computer

00:16:14.522 --> 00:16:17.599
that's running probably maybe MS-DOS.

00:16:17.599 --> 00:16:21.012
And everything is written on five inch floppy disks.

00:16:23.006 --> 00:16:25.190
Like, you know, if one of those floppy disks

00:16:25.190 --> 00:16:27.045
goes bad, you'll lose the whole

00:16:27.045 --> 00:16:29.463
season of Game of Thrones, no?

00:16:29.463 --> 00:16:31.049
Which I don't watch. So I don't care.

00:16:31.049 --> 00:16:33.049
Perhaps maybe – maybe, you know,

00:16:33.049 --> 00:16:35.049
maybe you're into that stuff

00:16:35.049 --> 00:16:37.049
and you know and so your

00:16:37.049 --> 00:16:39.565
future seasons of Game of Thrones are in

00:16:41.565 --> 00:16:43.565
the hands of a five-inch floppy disk.

00:16:43.565 --> 00:16:44.762
So some people are stuck in this

00:16:44.762 --> 00:16:48.085
1.0.6 like World and like, okay.

00:16:49.474 --> 00:16:51.109
So it's kind of a (they that simple).

00:16:51.109 --> 00:16:51.606
Yes?

00:16:51.606 --> 00:16:53.606
Just – I'm not a user yet.

00:16:53.606 --> 00:16:56.012
I'm still waiting for – shipping the product.

00:16:56.012 --> 00:16:56.746
Okay.

00:16:57.449 --> 00:17:00.271
But I just noticed when I was

00:17:00.271 --> 00:17:02.433
looking around for things like that or,

00:17:02.433 --> 00:17:03.474
you know, that there are many other

00:17:03.474 --> 00:17:05.766
– company is now trying to sort of

00:17:05.766 --> 00:17:07.066
mimic what you’ve done.

00:17:07.066 --> 00:17:07.461
Yes.

00:17:07.461 --> 00:17:09.461
So I noticed Intel is coming out

00:17:09.461 --> 00:17:10.540
with 4.12. 
Mm hmm.

00:17:10.540 --> 00:17:12.193
What was your claim on that?

00:17:12.193 --> 00:17:15.689
How do you see that impact or impact it more?

00:17:15.689 --> 00:17:17.723
Well, the example of

00:17:17.723 --> 00:17:19.463
– the Intel is a good example because

00:17:19.463 --> 00:17:21.463
Intel is one of the very few

00:17:21.463 --> 00:17:23.612
– a very, very few companies

00:17:23.612 --> 00:17:24.279
who's said,

00:17:24.279 --> 00:17:26.073
“We want to do something that's Arduino

00:17:26.073 --> 00:17:28.073
compatible, so we're not going to be

00:17:28.073 --> 00:17:29.382
“bad” people.

00:17:29.382 --> 00:17:31.382
We're going to talk to you and work with you.”

00:17:31.382 --> 00:17:31.674
Okay.

00:17:31.674 --> 00:17:33.121
So they have that – Intel is

00:17:33.121 --> 00:17:35.121
probably the company that's been

00:17:35.121 --> 00:17:37.759
the most supportive and cooperative

00:17:37.759 --> 00:17:39.759
and works with us officially

00:17:39.753 --> 00:17:44.372
along with Samsung and Microsoft.

00:17:44.577 --> 00:17:47.565
So, they're really going to work with us officially.

00:17:47.764 --> 00:17:49.192
And then obviously it's open-source.

00:17:49.192 --> 00:17:51.192
So anybody can just, you know,

00:17:52.339 --> 00:17:53.334
use what we do.

00:17:53.334 --> 00:17:55.334
And obviously it's sort of

00:17:55.334 --> 00:17:57.334
becomes some kind of a standard.

00:17:57.334 --> 00:17:59.334
So now even Boards that's got

00:17:59.334 --> 00:18:01.334
nothing to do with Arduino,

00:18:01.334 --> 00:18:03.725
they adopt the Arduino connectors.

00:18:03.725 --> 00:18:05.725
So there was a company that made a

00:18:05.725 --> 00:18:07.725
board that was called a “pcDuino”.

00:18:08.318 --> 00:18:09.290
It wasn't running

00:18:09.290 --> 00:18:11.290
- it wasn't running Arduino,

00:18:11.290 --> 00:18:13.290
but it had these – with the Arduino connectors

00:18:13.290 --> 00:18:15.027
because some people thought that they could

00:18:15.027 --> 00:18:17.027
program (it in) Arduino and then I'm like,

00:18:17.027 --> 00:18:19.027
“This is a Linux machine.”

00:18:19.026 --> 00:18:21.998
Yeah. So it's –

00:18:24.900 --> 00:18:26.900
although the Arduino name is

00:18:26.900 --> 00:18:28.900
trademarked, the problem is that if you want

00:18:28.900 --> 00:18:30.900
to really protect the trademark, you have to

00:18:30.900 --> 00:18:33.696
spend a huge amount of money.

00:18:33.952 --> 00:18:35.017
So,

00:18:35.357 --> 00:18:36.540
we don't

00:18:36.830 --> 00:18:38.830
want to spend our time protecting

00:18:38.830 --> 00:18:39.765
trademarks.

00:18:41.403 --> 00:18:41.862
Yes?

00:18:41.862 --> 00:18:42.855
And then you.

00:18:42.855 --> 00:18:44.855
Where did the name Arduino come from?

00:18:45.726 --> 00:18:47.349
Okay. That's very interesting.

00:18:47.349 --> 00:18:48.143
So the –

00:18:48.143 --> 00:18:50.143
so basically, we came up

00:18:50.143 --> 00:18:52.143
with Arduino a while, while –

00:18:52.143 --> 00:18:53.300
I was working in this town

00:18:53.300 --> 00:18:55.300
in the Northwest of Italy called the Ivrea.

00:18:55.735 --> 00:18:56.601
And

00:18:56.983 --> 00:18:58.601
in the year of 1000,

00:18:58.805 --> 00:19:00.422
there was a guy named Arduino

00:19:00.422 --> 00:19:02.422
that was born Ivrea

00:19:02.422 --> 00:19:04.903
and he became the first king of Italy.

00:19:04.903 --> 00:19:06.903
Obviously, he wasn't really the king of Italy

00:19:06.903 --> 00:19:08.903
because back then nobody even knew

00:19:08.903 --> 00:19:10.903
what was going on at the other side of Italy

00:19:10.903 --> 00:19:12.903
because there was no internet so.

00:19:13.645 --> 00:19:17.397
So, he’s kind of self-proclaimed king of Italy.

00:19:17.397 --> 00:19:19.308
And then so the people of Imperia call

00:19:19.308 --> 00:19:20.384
Arduino everything.

00:19:20.384 --> 00:19:21.907
There is the Arduino Street,

00:19:21.936 --> 00:19:22.894
the Arduino Square,

00:19:22.894 --> 00:19:24.894
the Arduino Crane Company,

00:19:24.952 --> 00:19:27.658
the Arduino Sports Car,

00:19:27.658 --> 00:19:29.658
and there is also the Arduino bar.

00:19:29.658 --> 00:19:32.211
So that's where I used to go get drinks.

00:19:34.969 --> 00:19:36.969
I was like, when we have to find the name

00:19:36.969 --> 00:19:37.932
for this thing I say,

00:19:37.932 --> 00:19:41.311
“Yeah well, let's call it Arduino like the bar.”

00:19:41.311 --> 00:19:43.311
And then, you know, later on we'll see how

00:19:45.865 --> 00:19:47.865
– and later on, you know,

00:19:47.865 --> 00:19:50.596
that was March 17, 2005

00:19:51.481 --> 00:19:52.596
and then still

00:19:53.743 --> 00:19:54.154
still

00:19:54.154 --> 00:19:54.835
it's been called that.

00:19:57.737 --> 00:19:58.690
Oh, yes, sorry.

00:19:59.978 --> 00:20:02.295
I have two kids aged five and seven.

00:20:02.317 --> 00:20:02.906
Okay.

00:20:02.884 --> 00:20:05.880
And we watch on Ted Talk two or three years ago.

00:20:05.936 --> 00:20:08.703
-Mm hmm.
-And somebody ask doing the Ted Talk like

00:20:08.773 --> 00:20:10.773
Can you give us some few fun projects?

00:20:10.899 --> 00:20:13.104
And you mentioned a few back then

00:20:13.104 --> 00:20:16.345
I remember that was somebody

00:20:16.358 --> 00:20:19.733
had programmed the Arduino to make (inaudible).

00:20:19.811 --> 00:20:20.350
Yeah.

00:20:20.307 --> 00:20:22.470
And the kids love it.

00:20:22.385 --> 00:20:23.839
And like since then

00:20:23.841 --> 00:20:26.400
I don't know what else has been happening.

00:20:26.461 --> 00:20:29.073
Can you think of anything that might be fun

00:20:29.112 --> 00:20:32.402
-for the kids to look at that I can...
-Wow.

00:20:32.409 --> 00:20:33.228
…Google afterwards?

00:20:33.508 --> 00:20:37.739
-Like anything about pets and animals, and all these things.
-Yeah.

00:20:37.647 --> 00:20:39.517
One of the exempt was the (sound) detector

00:20:39.519 --> 00:20:42.088
if somebody who made the chair that tweets...

00:20:42.050 --> 00:20:44.049
-When you fart.
-Yeah.

00:20:44.049 --> 00:20:47.289
That was an interesting project.

00:20:47.289 --> 00:20:49.676
My son is five and my daughter is seven.

00:20:49.676 --> 00:20:52.505
And they were the – make Arduino.

00:20:52.467 --> 00:20:55.633
And like they (bare way of a great work things) to this lab.

00:20:55.633 --> 00:20:56.640
Okay.

00:20:56.640 --> 00:20:58.640
We were all playing around with little things.

00:20:58.640 --> 00:21:00.294
-Mm hmm.
-But I'm not

00:21:00.294 --> 00:21:01.951
I'm not a creative person.

00:21:01.951 --> 00:21:03.913
If you can suggest a few fun projects

00:21:03.913 --> 00:21:07.065
-And it would be (inaudible).
-You know, I just figure what could be a good idea.

00:21:07.065 --> 00:21:08.804
Well actually

00:21:08.803 --> 00:21:10.862
I mean, because it have to be strictly Arduino.

00:21:10.862 --> 00:21:13.693
But for example, if you look at “Little Bits”.

00:21:13.693 --> 00:21:15.809
They have raised this kit called “Little Bits.”

00:21:15.809 --> 00:21:17.343
But they have electronic components

00:21:17.343 --> 00:21:19.398
that you can snap together magnetically

00:21:19.510 --> 00:21:21.455
They're designed for kids

00:21:21.454 --> 00:21:24.135
and you can build some fun projects with it

00:21:24.135 --> 00:21:26.645
and you don't need to do any programming or anything.

00:21:26.589 --> 00:21:29.439
So, that's where – a good way to get kids started.

00:21:29.439 --> 00:21:31.784
-(Little Bit junior). So like...

00:21:31.741 --> 00:21:33.289
-they (have) a way of concept
-Yeah.

00:21:33.233 --> 00:21:36.535
-but I need to like create some concrete examples
-Okay.

00:21:36.486 --> 00:21:38.592
-of what can be done.
-Yeah.

00:21:38.592 --> 00:21:41.791
-And I'm running out of examples for...
-Yeah. (I’m trying to understand).

00:21:41.791 --> 00:21:45.655
Because normally somebody who's like seven is just

00:21:45.655 --> 00:21:48.756
on the edge of being able to use Arduino.

00:21:48.756 --> 00:21:50.526
Because, you know, using Arduino

00:21:50.526 --> 00:21:53.822
requires you to understand written text.

00:21:53.878 --> 00:21:55.535
And so normally

00:21:55.535 --> 00:21:59.440
young kids don't – they're not necessarily

00:21:59.440 --> 00:22:01.989
they don't understand written text

00:22:01.987 --> 00:22:04.751
until they are probably, you know, seven years old

00:22:04.751 --> 00:22:06.751
six or seven years old.

00:22:06.751 --> 00:22:09.803
And so, I'm going to

00:22:09.803 --> 00:22:13.372
at the moment I could have a very good idea.

00:22:13.372 --> 00:22:15.372
One of the things that we

00:22:15.372 --> 00:22:20.477
we've done now is that we made this board

00:22:20.592 --> 00:22:22.707
and with Intel that is called the Arduino 101.

00:22:22.595 --> 00:22:24.948
And kind of looks like that basic Arduino

00:22:24.948 --> 00:22:28.098
but the processor is much more intelligent.

00:22:28.154 --> 00:22:30.494
So a couple things it has is that

00:22:30.438 --> 00:22:32.438
it has a motion sensor.

00:22:32.438 --> 00:22:34.042
So, if you move around the board

00:22:34.042 --> 00:22:37.464
it detects movement and it also has bluetooth low energy

00:22:37.464 --> 00:22:39.405
So there is this guy the in the US

00:22:39.405 --> 00:22:43.112
who wrote a software that turns all the movements you do

00:22:43.112 --> 00:22:45.227
in the port into midi notes.

00:22:45.227 --> 00:22:46.771
So if you have a computer

00:22:46.771 --> 00:22:48.771
you can connect the Arduino to the computer

00:22:48.771 --> 00:22:50.569
as a midi controller.

00:22:50.569 --> 00:22:53.256
And so as you shake it in different ways

00:22:53.256 --> 00:22:55.256
it make sounds.

00:22:55.217 --> 00:22:59.550
So, we did a workshop for those ones

00:22:59.550 --> 00:23:02.273
with that one and it was very funny because

00:23:02.235 --> 00:23:06.390
by making modification to an existing code

00:23:06.389 --> 00:23:08.185
that you could find online

00:23:08.263 --> 00:23:11.647
then kids could just, you know, make different sounds.

00:23:11.645 --> 00:23:13.218
And also on the computer

00:23:13.218 --> 00:23:15.218
if you have a – do you have a MAC or...

00:23:15.218 --> 00:23:16.707
If you have a MAC

00:23:16.707 --> 00:23:19.109
you just need (Datatrend) which is free on the MAC.

00:23:19.109 --> 00:23:21.513
-This is all good.
-And essentially, you can associate that

00:23:21.522 --> 00:23:23.788
to a specific musical instrument.

00:23:23.788 --> 00:23:25.305
And then you basically play

00:23:25.305 --> 00:23:27.344
by shaking, moving and, you know...

00:23:27.344 --> 00:23:29.205
-It would be good for Christmas actually.
-It's...

00:23:29.205 --> 00:23:31.478
-That's a great idea.
-kind of like cute application

00:23:31.478 --> 00:23:34.788
that doesn't require you to actually deal any circuit.

00:23:34.788 --> 00:23:37.465
And so, that one was a –

00:23:37.465 --> 00:23:40.426
I use that in a workshop with the notes

00:23:40.426 --> 00:23:43.462
And, you know, and they loved it

00:23:43.462 --> 00:23:45.145
because it's just simple concept.

00:23:45.187 --> 00:23:47.462
You have an existing software

00:23:47.462 --> 00:23:49.268
you just make a few modifications

00:23:49.268 --> 00:23:51.349
and you get different variations of these

00:23:51.349 --> 00:23:54.107
and I think that's kind of funny.

00:23:54.107 --> 00:23:57.039
I think everything that kind of makes sounds and music

00:23:57.039 --> 00:23:58.687
tends to work.

00:23:58.687 --> 00:23:59.585
Somebody years ago

00:23:59.585 --> 00:24:02.805
build like an electronic drum set using Arduino

00:24:02.805 --> 00:24:05.431
Again, they use like old CDs

00:24:05.431 --> 00:24:09.440
and they glued this very simple sensor

00:24:09.441 --> 00:24:11.712
(these piezo) sensors to that CD.

00:24:11.712 --> 00:24:13.041
Then the Arduino

00:24:13.158 --> 00:24:17.192
that's when you hit that particular old CD

00:24:17.192 --> 00:24:19.269
and send a signal to the computer

00:24:19.348 --> 00:24:23.165
which turns it into notes and plays the music.

00:24:23.165 --> 00:24:26.303
And demonstration video was like, you know

00:24:26.303 --> 00:24:28.303
looks like a one year old kid

00:24:28.264 --> 00:24:30.496
with a drumstick going [drum sound]

00:24:30.615 --> 00:24:32.500
and he totally love it.

00:24:32.500 --> 00:24:34.784
It was – but the construction is simple

00:24:34.786 --> 00:24:38.423
because you recycle old CDs, old mouse pads

00:24:38.384 --> 00:24:40.424
or something and you build it

00:24:40.502 --> 00:24:41.855
and becomes a drum set.

00:24:41.875 --> 00:24:42.882
So, this kind of stuff

00:24:42.882 --> 00:24:47.604
you can find online as projects to build, you know.

00:24:47.604 --> 00:24:49.604
Another thing that I would recommend

00:24:49.604 --> 00:24:52.037
is that there is a company in London

00:24:52.076 --> 00:24:56.116
that sells those online called “Technology Will Save Us”.

00:24:56.116 --> 00:24:57.029
And it started by

00:24:57.029 --> 00:24:59.595
these friends of mine were very, very nice

00:24:59.595 --> 00:25:01.248
very intelligent people

00:25:01.326 --> 00:25:04.919
and they make a few kits for kids.

00:25:04.919 --> 00:25:06.277
One is like

00:25:06.276 --> 00:25:09.273
it's like a game console made with Arduino

00:25:09.234 --> 00:25:12.535
but it displays an eight by eight (pixel thin) with

00:25:12.574 --> 00:25:15.465
which is a very super low resolution console

00:25:15.503 --> 00:25:17.542
and you play few video games.

00:25:17.542 --> 00:25:19.097
Another one is a kit

00:25:19.058 --> 00:25:21.135
that helps you take care of a plant

00:25:21.292 --> 00:25:24.067
so you can connect sensors into the plant.

00:25:24.028 --> 00:25:26.580
And the third kit is a theremin.

00:25:26.580 --> 00:25:27.834
So it's a musical instrument.

00:25:27.834 --> 00:25:30.147
You move the hands near the

00:25:30.149 --> 00:25:33.147
the Arduino it only makes different kind of sounds.

00:25:33.147 --> 00:25:34.904
But it's a nice –

00:25:34.904 --> 00:25:36.904
probably because you buy the kit.

00:25:36.904 --> 00:25:38.669
The instructions are very simple

00:25:38.669 --> 00:25:41.475
and in one day you can assemble it with your kids

00:25:41.475 --> 00:25:42.894
and they play with it.

00:25:42.933 --> 00:25:45.481
So it's kind of a, you know, it teaches kids

00:25:45.442 --> 00:25:48.616
about the fact that you can actually build your own toys

00:25:48.616 --> 00:25:51.388
which a lot of kids

00:25:51.388 --> 00:25:55.000
are kind of lost this idea to build your own.

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:56.262
You have fun with this stuff

00:25:56.262 --> 00:25:58.262
that you make yourself, you know.

00:26:01.855 --> 00:26:03.194
Oh, yes?

00:26:03.198 --> 00:26:05.660
So we're actually doing a sort of

00:26:05.738 --> 00:26:07.657
visual interface for Arduino.

00:26:07.579 --> 00:26:09.092
-Okay.
-And all we have is that

00:26:09.092 --> 00:26:10.693
you know, a different laptops

00:26:10.693 --> 00:26:14.065
you know, a the different – (libraries you need to use).

00:26:14.065 --> 00:26:16.549
So as you can help bringing all those up in the (server)

00:26:16.588 --> 00:26:18.651
and sort of compile over the Cloud

00:26:18.729 --> 00:26:19.531
you know, through that.

00:26:19.564 --> 00:26:21.844
We want to know whether there's any licensing issue

00:26:21.844 --> 00:26:24.579
that I should be aware of and then putting it all online

00:26:24.579 --> 00:26:26.463
and putting all the libraries

00:26:26.463 --> 00:26:31.278
-and all the different (inaudible).
-So as long as you don't call it “Arduino”.

00:26:31.278 --> 00:26:34.209
I mean if you call it arduino.sg

00:26:34.209 --> 00:26:35.429
clearly that's a problem.

00:26:35.429 --> 00:26:37.429
But, you know, actually so

00:26:37.429 --> 00:26:39.469
a few months ago

00:26:39.508 --> 00:26:42.561
we launched an online version of our IDE.

00:26:42.561 --> 00:26:44.561
-Yes.
-It’s called “Create”.

00:26:44.522 --> 00:26:46.522
And as of point

00:26:46.522 --> 00:26:48.084
we have in the

00:26:48.240 --> 00:26:50.942
in the list of things we want to do.

00:26:50.942 --> 00:26:54.660
We have also a scratch-like interface.

00:26:54.660 --> 00:26:58.929
But – so we also produced

00:26:58.929 --> 00:27:00.929
the software called “Arduino-Builder”.

00:27:00.929 --> 00:27:04.289
You should look it up – look it up – you look it up

00:27:04.289 --> 00:27:06.289
it's “Arduino-Builder”.

00:27:06.289 --> 00:27:07.571
So basically, we took out

00:27:07.571 --> 00:27:11.068
all of the compilation part of the regular IDE

00:27:11.068 --> 00:27:13.068
and we put it into a common line tool.

00:27:13.068 --> 00:27:14.635
So if you use that one

00:27:14.635 --> 00:27:15.564
to compile the code

00:27:15.603 --> 00:27:17.840
it is exactly the same code

00:27:17.840 --> 00:27:20.158
that comes out of the Arduino IDE.

00:27:20.197 --> 00:27:23.757
So – and you can put that in the Cloud

00:27:23.823 --> 00:27:26.814
and the license is very

00:27:26.814 --> 00:27:30.381
I mean if you make improvement or modification

00:27:30.381 --> 00:27:32.381
you should share it back but you can

00:27:32.381 --> 00:27:34.381
then put it on a server and use it.

00:27:34.381 --> 00:27:37.787
That one gives you the ability to be (compile).

00:27:37.865 --> 00:27:41.398
So you get the same exact code as the Arduino IDE.

00:27:41.398 --> 00:27:44.028
And also we add these features that make it easier

00:27:44.104 --> 00:27:47.550
for Arduino to find where your libraries are

00:27:47.512 --> 00:27:49.923
so that some parts of the compilation

00:27:49.923 --> 00:27:53.369
are better automated now.

00:27:53.369 --> 00:27:55.369
So including other libraries

00:27:55.408 --> 00:27:57.721
you know, other codes need some libraries

00:27:57.682 --> 00:27:59.453
and obviously so I'm not sure

00:27:59.453 --> 00:28:02.553
if including those libraries will expose any other...

00:28:02.553 --> 00:28:03.920
No, if you

00:28:03.920 --> 00:28:08.018
I think normally if you put the libraries on the server

00:28:08.057 --> 00:28:09.662
in whatever format

00:28:09.623 --> 00:28:11.663
as long as when people download it

00:28:11.624 --> 00:28:15.445
they understand that this library is from Adafruit

00:28:15.445 --> 00:28:18.117
they made it and that you're not claiming

00:28:18.117 --> 00:28:20.117
to own anything

00:28:20.117 --> 00:28:22.117
but yeah, the library is GPL

00:28:22.117 --> 00:28:24.698
so you need to basically provide people

00:28:24.698 --> 00:28:28.267
with a link to say where you downloaded it from.

00:28:28.267 --> 00:28:31.023
So that they know that this is an Adafruit product.

00:28:31.023 --> 00:28:33.228
Adafruit is happy if you use their code.

00:28:33.228 --> 00:28:34.986
They don’t complain.

00:28:34.986 --> 00:28:36.986
They only get upset where

00:28:36.986 --> 00:28:38.484
there has been a number of situation where, you know

00:28:38.484 --> 00:28:40.329
Adafruit are really good because they make

00:28:40.329 --> 00:28:42.096
hundreds of libraries

00:28:42.096 --> 00:28:44.787
And then they called them “Adafruit_something”.

00:28:44.787 --> 00:28:46.107
So that people understand

00:28:46.107 --> 00:28:47.511
that they have to thank Adafruit

00:28:47.511 --> 00:28:48.420
for their work.

00:28:48.461 --> 00:28:50.148
And there's a number of people who download it.

00:28:50.148 --> 00:28:52.807
They removed that “Adafruit_”,

00:28:52.853 --> 00:28:54.945
they maybe modified couple of lines

00:28:54.945 --> 00:28:57.365
and then they put it out as their own library.

00:28:57.365 --> 00:28:59.229
So they kind of take away

00:28:59.229 --> 00:29:01.366
the credit from Adafruit which is, no

00:29:01.455 --> 00:29:02.643
not nice.

00:29:02.643 --> 00:29:07.183
-But if you don't do that, then you’re okay.
-Very nice.

00:29:09.442 --> 00:29:14.637
Very nice.So basically, most of the audience were all

00:29:14.637 --> 00:29:16.637
they knew all about Arduino.

00:29:16.637 --> 00:29:21.285
So who – do you use also Arduino in your profession?

00:29:21.285 --> 00:29:23.587
-Is anybody were using it as a profession?
-Yeah.

00:29:23.624 --> 00:29:26.267
Can I – can you show me the hands?

00:29:26.947 --> 00:29:28.947
Oh wow, that's nice.

00:29:28.947 --> 00:29:30.947
So, what do you build with Arduino?

00:29:30.947 --> 00:29:32.645
Not me, my staff.

00:29:32.645 --> 00:29:33.524
-All we did was
-Okay.

00:29:33.524 --> 00:29:36.455
we connected the dissolved oxygen sensor

00:29:36.455 --> 00:29:37.635
-with Arduino
-Okay.

00:29:37.635 --> 00:29:41.877
and tied it up to a actuator to turn on an aerator

00:29:41.877 --> 00:29:42.703
Okay.

00:29:42.703 --> 00:29:45.936
so we put them on fish ponds and prevents fish kills

00:29:45.936 --> 00:29:47.936
-from lack of oxygen.
-Wow.

00:29:47.936 --> 00:29:49.936
Very cool. Nice.

00:29:49.936 --> 00:29:51.782
Any other application that you build

00:29:51.782 --> 00:29:53.782
that somebody wants to talk about?

00:29:54.122 --> 00:29:57.566
-Yes.
-I got a intern at home

00:29:57.566 --> 00:30:00.096
and starting in 9th of January.

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:03.651
-I used to work with Raspberry Pi.
-Okay.

00:30:03.613 --> 00:30:07.574
And probably not – when it comes to (storage menu),

00:30:07.632 --> 00:30:10.559
so I want them to work on sensor.

00:30:10.559 --> 00:30:11.881
(May I call this sensor)?

00:30:11.881 --> 00:30:13.702
-Yeah.
-Like it (with) a drone.

00:30:13.702 --> 00:30:18.459
-Oh, wow.
-And so we can start mapping the air quality in cities.

00:30:18.459 --> 00:30:22.415
Oh, wow. Yeah that's...
-So with the – I'm not an expert in Arduino.

00:30:22.415 --> 00:30:24.321
So, maybe you got some tips whereas like

00:30:24.321 --> 00:30:25.831
where would you actually start?

00:30:25.831 --> 00:30:31.251
Well, effectively almost

00:30:31.251 --> 00:30:33.134
any Arduino would work

00:30:33.134 --> 00:30:36.485
because you just need to store the data somewhere.

00:30:36.485 --> 00:30:40.338
We're about to launch a board which is kind of like this

00:30:40.338 --> 00:30:43.751
small and it's just the same processor

00:30:43.751 --> 00:30:47.037
that we have in Arduino 0 which is a 32 bit

00:30:47.037 --> 00:30:50.186
ARM processor and it also has a

00:30:50.209 --> 00:30:52.422
micro-SD protector.

00:30:52.393 --> 00:30:55.232
So you put a micro-SD. You protect the sensor

00:30:55.232 --> 00:30:57.232
and when it flies around,

00:30:57.232 --> 00:30:59.232
you download the position.

00:30:59.232 --> 00:31:02.592
And the value from the sensor, you store it in the SD card

00:31:02.592 --> 00:31:04.757
and when the drone comes back, hopefully.

00:31:04.757 --> 00:31:06.757
You take out the SD card

00:31:06.757 --> 00:31:09.302
and you get a CSV file to download.

00:31:09.302 --> 00:31:11.302
So to build that code is very simple

00:31:11.302 --> 00:31:13.434
and essentially this was designed for

00:31:13.525 --> 00:31:14.580
this kind of activity.

00:31:14.580 --> 00:31:18.432
Well, it's going to be called “MKR zero”.

00:31:18.432 --> 00:31:21.457
Are you broadcasting this?

00:31:21.457 --> 00:31:25.949
-Yes.
No. (inaudible) – that's catchy.

00:31:25.949 --> 00:31:28.924
Yeah, there's going to be a border or in a (Adafruit makes)

00:31:28.924 --> 00:31:32.037
-King size SD card.
-As we go – try to – yeah, it's kind of similar.

00:31:32.037 --> 00:31:34.906
-Question.
-Yes.

00:31:34.906 --> 00:31:36.674
I have a question from my friends.

00:31:36.630 --> 00:31:37.275
They're asking,

00:31:37.275 --> 00:31:40.035
“What's the most impactful Arduino project

00:31:40.035 --> 00:31:42.707
-that you've encountered so far?”
-Oh wow.

00:31:42.707 --> 00:31:44.886
Yeah. That's a difficult question.

00:31:44.886 --> 00:31:49.440
I should prepare for this question like every month I decide.

00:31:49.440 --> 00:31:53.554
It's very difficult because every time I feel that

00:31:53.554 --> 00:31:55.834
we found something that's very impactful

00:31:55.834 --> 00:31:56.811
then somebody comes up with

00:31:56.811 --> 00:31:58.811
something else that's crazier.

00:31:58.811 --> 00:32:02.901
And I don't know. To me it's very interesting to see

00:32:02.901 --> 00:32:08.647
for example, if you look at the open source 3D printers,

00:32:08.647 --> 00:32:11.054
including the major (board).

00:32:11.054 --> 00:32:13.469
They all kind of started of with the Arduino

00:32:13.469 --> 00:32:15.309
as there hardware platform

00:32:15.309 --> 00:32:17.309
and the work that is – a lot of people hae done

00:32:17.309 --> 00:32:19.309
using Arduino to understand

00:32:19.309 --> 00:32:22.704
how to control motion in these kind of machines

00:32:22.704 --> 00:32:25.967
has generated a body of knowledge

00:32:26.011 --> 00:32:29.150
that gets used in rebreathers and people

00:32:29.150 --> 00:32:32.997
made sealing machine based on the same idea.

00:32:32.997 --> 00:32:36.069
People made open source laser cutters.

00:32:36.069 --> 00:32:40.482
People may even – cake decoration robots with that.

00:32:40.571 --> 00:32:43.297
Somebody made a machine that tattoos

00:32:43.312 --> 00:32:45.446
your – our wrist.

00:32:45.593 --> 00:32:48.547
Like you put your wrist – your arm inside

00:32:48.547 --> 00:32:50.547
and it tattoos stuff on your arm.

00:32:50.547 --> 00:32:52.769
And it's interesting because this is all based

00:32:52.769 --> 00:32:54.907
on this very interesting phenomena

00:32:54.907 --> 00:32:57.178
this layering of technology.

00:32:57.178 --> 00:32:59.178
So we in a way simplify

00:32:59.178 --> 00:33:01.677
the access to electronics and software

00:33:01.677 --> 00:33:03.449
and then somebody start building something

00:33:03.449 --> 00:33:05.898
that was called “motion control”

00:33:05.898 --> 00:33:08.755
and they work is equal to Grbl

00:33:08.755 --> 00:33:10.886
which is like a software that takes G-code,

00:33:10.886 --> 00:33:13.111
they are using – (skills) the machines

00:33:13.111 --> 00:33:15.111
and controls the stepper motor.

00:33:15.111 --> 00:33:17.111
And then on top of that, people started

00:33:17.111 --> 00:33:19.246
to create all the different things

00:33:19.246 --> 00:33:21.110
and they could – this thing called “RAMPS”.

00:33:21.110 --> 00:33:25.302
This shield that a lot of 3D printers used RAMPS.

00:33:25.302 --> 00:33:26.388
And then that particular

00:33:26.388 --> 00:33:27.302
combination of Arduino

00:33:27.302 --> 00:33:29.681
mega plus RAMPS, steam power

00:33:29.966 --> 00:33:31.966
like a ton of printers.

00:33:32.250 --> 00:33:34.450
And so it's interesting, you know this, you know,

00:33:34.450 --> 00:33:36.450
people understand and they build

00:33:36.450 --> 00:33:38.720
and somebody else comes and builds on top of that.

00:33:38.720 --> 00:33:40.720
And then now we have

00:33:40.720 --> 00:33:42.492
a lot of these 3D printers

00:33:42.492 --> 00:33:44.492
that are enabled by the work that

00:33:44.492 --> 00:33:47.048
people have done, you know, by collaborating

00:33:47.048 --> 00:33:49.002
in different ways.

00:33:49.002 --> 00:33:51.002
So I think that's broad enough,

00:33:51.002 --> 00:33:53.002
you know, like a

00:33:53.002 --> 00:33:55.002
crazy lifesaving project

00:33:55.002 --> 00:33:57.002
but it's – to me it's very important because

00:33:57.002 --> 00:34:00.491
it shows that, you know,

00:34:00.450 --> 00:34:02.796
if you work together you could kind of

00:34:02.796 --> 00:34:04.123
create – you can create

00:34:04.123 --> 00:34:06.255
a body of knowledge that becomes useful.

00:34:06.434 --> 00:34:08.434
So if somebody want to build

00:34:08.389 --> 00:34:10.029
some kind of a machine with

00:34:10.072 --> 00:34:12.947
an x, y, z axis machine.

00:34:12.902 --> 00:34:14.629
A little bit like a 3D printer.

00:34:14.629 --> 00:34:16.629
They don't start from zero.

00:34:16.629 --> 00:34:18.629
They can create that

00:34:18.629 --> 00:34:20.103
and build something with it.

00:34:20.103 --> 00:34:21.924
And doing that, it's kind of knowledge

00:34:21.924 --> 00:34:25.112
is an important, you know, tool.

00:34:25.112 --> 00:34:28.175
Then obviously, you know, people have built

00:34:28.175 --> 00:34:32.069
machines to analyze the DNA

00:34:32.069 --> 00:34:35.821
and then build a machines that can

00:34:35.821 --> 00:34:37.821
incubators for kids in

00:34:37.821 --> 00:34:40.661
and people have build, you know, tools for

00:34:40.972 --> 00:34:45.514
people that cannot speak, also they can, you know.

00:34:45.514 --> 00:34:47.514
At the Maker Faire this year,

00:34:47.692 --> 00:34:49.918
somebody build a glove

00:34:49.962 --> 00:34:51.962
for people that cannot speak

00:34:51.962 --> 00:34:54.228
so they can use sign language

00:34:54.228 --> 00:34:58.956
but then the Arduino – store gigabyte from Arduino

00:34:58.956 --> 00:35:00.956
that understands the signs

00:35:00.956 --> 00:35:02.956
and uses the mobile phone to speak the words.

00:35:02.956 --> 00:35:05.181
So if somebody cannot speak

00:35:05.181 --> 00:35:09.100
they can sign and the phone (cannot) speak

00:35:09.100 --> 00:35:12.120
which enables people to use

00:35:12.120 --> 00:35:13.442
sign language with people

00:35:13.442 --> 00:35:14.862
who don't understands sign language.

00:35:14.862 --> 00:35:16.725
I think it's a very important innovation.

00:35:16.725 --> 00:35:18.725
And so we gave it – we give this project

00:35:18.725 --> 00:35:24.379
100,000 euro as a price at the Maker Faire.

00:35:24.379 --> 00:35:26.379
But this type of project was

00:35:26.379 --> 00:35:28.379
somebody made a sensor that allows

00:35:28.379 --> 00:35:31.976
blind people to go on bicycles.

00:35:31.976 --> 00:35:34.787
Yeah. It was kind of – (like a thesis).

00:35:34.787 --> 00:35:39.029
It allows blind people to participate in bicycle race.

00:35:39.029 --> 00:35:42.652
-Wow.
-So they have a special three-wheel bicycle

00:35:42.652 --> 00:35:45.507
and this sensor has a bunch of

00:35:45.507 --> 00:35:47.910
sensors that detect obstacles

00:35:47.910 --> 00:35:51.672
and so the person who rides the bike

00:35:51.672 --> 00:35:53.672
and the sensor tells

00:35:53.672 --> 00:35:56.884
person if there are obstacles around and they just race.

00:35:56.884 --> 00:35:58.884
So they gave it with the school.

00:35:58.884 --> 00:36:02.293
They could have blind people race in the paralympics.

00:36:02.293 --> 00:36:05.396
There was another group that

00:36:05.396 --> 00:36:09.305
build a video game for dogs.

00:36:09.305 --> 00:36:12.228
A video game for dogs.

00:36:12.228 --> 00:36:15.154
It's essentially a box

00:36:15.263 --> 00:36:17.263
with three buttons.

00:36:17.371 --> 00:36:20.763
And it releases these biscuits for dogs.

00:36:20.763 --> 00:36:22.763
So the dogs sees a a light on,

00:36:22.763 --> 00:36:24.763
they go – they (keep) with their, you know,

00:36:24.763 --> 00:36:28.483
paw and they get a...(cookie)

00:36:28.483 --> 00:36:30.483
And then the more they learn how to do

00:36:30.483 --> 00:36:32.035
this, the more their gain

00:36:32.035 --> 00:36:33.271
becomes complicated.

00:36:33.271 --> 00:36:34.911
So the dog has to kind of go all

00:36:34.911 --> 00:36:36.729
the sequences and everything.

00:36:36.729 --> 00:36:38.729
And apparently, it keeps the dogs busy

00:36:38.729 --> 00:36:40.729
while their bored.

00:36:40.777 --> 00:36:43.509
And they are happy.

00:36:43.509 --> 00:36:45.509
So there was industry

00:36:45.509 --> 00:36:47.509
installation of this kind of projects and

00:36:47.509 --> 00:36:49.014
every year there's – weren't more.

00:36:49.014 --> 00:36:51.014
So it's kind of hard to...

00:36:51.099 --> 00:36:53.594
Yes.

00:36:53.772 --> 00:36:55.772
I have a question.

00:36:55.772 --> 00:36:57.772
So as you mention the Arduino 101 just now.

00:36:57.772 --> 00:37:00.261
-Yeah
-And meanwhile, (called out) Arduino 101

00:37:00.261 --> 00:37:02.261
which is on internet (and how can we)

00:37:02.261 --> 00:37:04.261
has a potential for of (mesh network)

00:37:04.439 --> 00:37:06.394
-Oh yeah.
-And I'm wondering when

00:37:06.394 --> 00:37:08.394
we're to expect Arduino of having

00:37:08.527 --> 00:37:11.468
his time neural network speed.

00:37:11.468 --> 00:37:13.468
Yeah. Actually you can use it now.

00:37:13.468 --> 00:37:15.153
There is a thing called the

00:37:15.153 --> 00:37:18.307
“The Intel Pattern Matching Library”

00:37:18.307 --> 00:37:19.812
you can build it.

00:37:19.812 --> 00:37:22.211
Intel is not really great at explaining

00:37:22.211 --> 00:37:24.617
to people how cool is the product

00:37:24.617 --> 00:37:26.617
into – because with this name nobody

00:37:26.617 --> 00:37:29.207
would – it's a pattern matching library.

00:37:29.207 --> 00:37:30.939
So basically, what happens is that

00:37:30.939 --> 00:37:32.939
in the silicon, there is

00:37:32.939 --> 00:37:35.252
essentially a neural network implemented

00:37:35.252 --> 00:37:38.041
there are some neurons implemented in silicon.

00:37:38.041 --> 00:37:40.041
So the idea is that,

00:37:40.041 --> 00:37:42.041
you can either train

00:37:42.219 --> 00:37:44.219
the neural network directly in the

00:37:44.219 --> 00:37:46.351
Arduino 101 if have seen – whole

00:37:46.351 --> 00:37:48.711
learning process that you want to do,

00:37:48.711 --> 00:37:50.619
or if you want to work

00:37:50.619 --> 00:37:52.126
on more complex stuff.

00:37:52.126 --> 00:37:53.630
You should get the data

00:37:53.630 --> 00:37:56.485
use some kind of a software to train

00:37:56.796 --> 00:37:58.796
the neuron and then you download

00:37:58.796 --> 00:38:00.662
the information in the network.

00:38:00.662 --> 00:38:02.662
But essentially the idea is

00:38:02.662 --> 00:38:04.120
more of the potential use.

00:38:04.120 --> 00:38:06.120
They use – you connect sensor to this

00:38:06.120 --> 00:38:08.120
network and the network can

00:38:08.297 --> 00:38:10.519
basically interpret the data from

00:38:10.564 --> 00:38:13.182
sensors even if the processor is off.

00:38:13.182 --> 00:38:15.182
So for example, if you are

00:38:15.182 --> 00:38:17.182
making like a fitness band

00:38:17.182 --> 00:38:19.997
like FitBit, the Neural network can

00:38:19.997 --> 00:38:21.997
use that accelerometer the board

00:38:21.997 --> 00:38:23.997
has a 6-axis sensor.

00:38:23.997 --> 00:38:25.997
You can interpret the data.

00:38:25.997 --> 00:38:28.179
You can understand that

00:38:28.263 --> 00:38:29.907
there was a step,

00:38:29.951 --> 00:38:32.498
or somebody who's running, or we’re going up the stairs.

00:38:32.498 --> 00:38:34.860
So – and then you count data

00:38:34.860 --> 00:38:36.860
but you wake up, the processor

00:38:36.860 --> 00:38:40.256
just say “He took a step” turn off

00:38:40.300 --> 00:38:44.448
or “she was running for two steps”, stop.

00:38:44.448 --> 00:38:46.448
So by doing this, you can save

00:38:46.448 --> 00:38:49.230
dramatically the power

00:38:49.230 --> 00:38:51.773
and also this kind of motion

00:38:51.773 --> 00:38:54.312
a construction algorithm.

00:38:54.312 --> 00:38:56.041
They tend to be very, very expensive.

00:38:56.041 --> 00:38:57.725
They're not open source.

00:38:57.725 --> 00:38:59.903
So if you train network to do it for you

00:38:59.903 --> 00:39:01.680
(it's turning off).

00:39:01.680 --> 00:39:03.680
You get better quality with the

00:39:03.680 --> 00:39:05.680
not having to license those things.

00:39:05.680 --> 00:39:07.854
And at the moment

00:39:07.902 --> 00:39:10.632
the examples that you find are mostly inside

00:39:10.632 --> 00:39:13.089
you press the button,

00:39:13.089 --> 00:39:15.089
you shade the board

00:39:15.089 --> 00:39:17.089
and the board learnsthat movement.

00:39:17.089 --> 00:39:19.089
Every time you do that movement.

00:39:19.089 --> 00:39:21.407
it pauses – “oh, you do a movement.”

00:39:21.407 --> 00:39:24.137
So the examples are not exactly

00:39:24.137 --> 00:39:27.314
exciting but they show you

00:39:27.314 --> 00:39:29.623
that there's a lot of potential in that thing.

00:39:29.623 --> 00:39:32.631
Westworld. I know you don't watch TV but...

00:39:32.671 --> 00:39:34.298
-Sorry?
-Westworld.

00:39:34.298 --> 00:39:35.470
-Yeah.
-Oh, yeah.

00:39:35.559 --> 00:39:36.926
-You've seen this?
-Westworld.

00:39:36.970 --> 00:39:39.945
I don't know. Westworld. All right.

00:39:39.945 --> 00:39:42.346
The neural network is not powerful enough

00:39:42.346 --> 00:39:44.658
to create this sentient being

00:39:44.658 --> 00:39:47.110
actually, what is the last episode,

00:39:47.110 --> 00:39:49.244
-it's like this week.
-Ninth season.

00:39:49.244 --> 00:39:51.833
-Season 9.
-Ninth season.

00:39:51.833 --> 00:39:53.781
Okay. Yes. I was waiting

00:39:53.781 --> 00:39:55.185
for the last episode.

00:39:55.185 --> 00:39:57.185
Yeah, I know it's not enough

00:39:57.185 --> 00:39:59.185
to create – it's normally I think equivalent of

00:39:59.364 --> 00:40:01.584
the brain of a tiny insect

00:40:00.617 --> 00:40:05.965
tiny insect but still you can create to do some useful stuff.

00:40:05.972 --> 00:40:09.144
And mostly, you know, you can do it

00:40:09.158 --> 00:40:11.358
optimizing the power, or

00:40:11.358 --> 00:40:13.402
optimizing the computing capability.

00:40:13.402 --> 00:40:15.504
So that processor has a lot

00:40:15.504 --> 00:40:17.504
of features in there.

00:40:26.709 --> 00:40:29.343
Is anybody here a teacher like William?

00:40:31.176 --> 00:40:33.002
Have you ever taught an Arduino

00:40:33.002 --> 00:40:35.002
workshop for somebody else?

00:40:35.291 --> 00:40:37.291
Okay, good, good, good.

00:40:37.291 --> 00:40:40.224
Have you ever taught Arduino to kids?

00:40:40.713 --> 00:40:43.450
Oh, wow. Okay. That's great.

00:40:44.500 --> 00:40:46.356
Because you know, it's not

00:40:46.356 --> 00:40:48.257
it's not always easy now to teach kids

00:40:48.257 --> 00:40:50.822
because they feel like super excited

00:40:50.822 --> 00:40:52.764
or you kind of like keep

00:40:52.764 --> 00:40:54.837
them focused, you know.

00:40:54.837 --> 00:40:56.837
You have – did you have a

00:40:56.837 --> 00:40:58.837
did you have a teacher that doing to kids?

00:40:59.169 --> 00:41:01.042
What age?

00:41:01.013 --> 00:41:03.056
The youngest was my son.

00:41:03.056 --> 00:41:05.231
Okay, that's four.

00:41:05.231 --> 00:41:07.568
Arduino, for like a four-year old.

00:41:07.568 --> 00:41:09.744
Yeah. He looks at the printing and

00:41:09.744 --> 00:41:11.310
(how we do things). Okay.

00:41:11.310 --> 00:41:13.107
They understand the hardware.

00:41:13.107 --> 00:41:14.533
Yeah. I think – I know you're more

00:41:14.533 --> 00:41:16.230
thinking about the coding parts

00:41:16.217 --> 00:41:18.592
but they're doing the hardware, no problem.

00:41:18.592 --> 00:41:20.707
(Mike) is good and faster than I do.

00:41:20.750 --> 00:41:25.357
Wow. I think one frequent asked question

00:41:25.357 --> 00:41:28.491
which I always get from teachers

00:41:28.491 --> 00:41:30.416
You hold it.

00:41:30.416 --> 00:41:33.764
Yeah. One of the frequent asked

00:41:33.764 --> 00:41:35.764
questions that I always get,

00:41:35.764 --> 00:41:37.764
not only as a teacher

00:41:37.764 --> 00:41:39.764
but from teachers would be,

00:41:39.764 --> 00:41:42.837
“Yeah, all this Arduino is cool,

00:41:42.837 --> 00:41:47.811
but what has that ever do with education?

00:41:47.811 --> 00:41:49.811
What has that got to do with..."

00:41:49.811 --> 00:41:52.103
You know, I don't say

00:41:52.360 --> 00:41:54.977
– or my kids are young

00:41:54.977 --> 00:41:58.604
or we are from the (Arts stream), you know.

00:41:58.590 --> 00:41:59.826
What does this have

00:41:59.826 --> 00:42:01.450
to do with (Arts)?

00:42:01.450 --> 00:42:02.485
Well, when you hear this

00:42:02.485 --> 00:42:05.318
kind of remarks,

00:42:05.318 --> 00:42:07.580
what would you say to them?

00:42:07.580 --> 00:42:09.537
Oh, wow.

00:42:09.537 --> 00:42:14.123
Well, the funny thing is that

00:42:14.123 --> 00:42:16.613
sometimes you hear people say

00:42:16.613 --> 00:42:18.383
that people who are technically

00:42:18.383 --> 00:42:20.383
oriented to technology,

00:42:20.383 --> 00:42:22.383
they don't really like the (Arts).

00:42:22.369 --> 00:42:24.470
But I have to say

00:42:24.470 --> 00:42:26.703
that sometimes people who are into (Arts),

00:42:26.703 --> 00:42:28.703
they are little bit, you know,

00:42:28.703 --> 00:42:30.950
they kind of – they don't

00:42:30.950 --> 00:42:33.381
they're not – they don't say,

00:42:33.381 --> 00:42:34.884
you know, kind of – in a way,

00:42:34.884 --> 00:42:35.754
they're also the one's

00:42:35.754 --> 00:42:37.944
who don't understand that technologies.

00:42:37.944 --> 00:42:40.290
You know, it goes “Creative”

00:42:40.290 --> 00:42:42.290
– a community.

00:42:42.290 --> 00:42:44.290
And a lot of (arts)

00:42:44.953 --> 00:42:47.320
is done now with technology.

00:42:47.320 --> 00:42:49.407
Like contemporary art's

00:42:49.407 --> 00:42:51.262
are using computers,

00:42:51.262 --> 00:42:52.987
they're using electronics.

00:42:52.987 --> 00:42:54.592
One of the first community

00:42:54.592 --> 00:42:55.813
to adopt Arduino

00:42:55.813 --> 00:42:57.813
after my students were musicians,

00:42:57.813 --> 00:43:00.613
building new interfaces for

00:43:00.613 --> 00:43:03.531
– there was even a

00:43:03.531 --> 00:43:04.218
conference school,

00:43:04.218 --> 00:43:06.778
New Interfaces for Musical Expression.

00:43:06.778 --> 00:43:08.232
So, you know,

00:43:08.232 --> 00:43:09.584
and then it would be at a

00:43:09.584 --> 00:43:10.768
bunch of stuff using things

00:43:10.768 --> 00:43:12.070
like Arduino.

00:43:12.070 --> 00:43:14.406
And a lot of the current

00:43:14.406 --> 00:43:16.537
interactive installation define

00:43:16.537 --> 00:43:19.289
from artist are built using

00:43:19.289 --> 00:43:21.059
, you know, technology.

00:43:21.059 --> 00:43:23.424
A lot of exhibitions

00:43:23.424 --> 00:43:25.540
in museums are Arduino.

00:43:25.540 --> 00:43:27.081
Even the New York Times

00:43:27.081 --> 00:43:28.980
wrote an article like five years ago

00:43:28.980 --> 00:43:32.002
saying that if you used an Arduino,

00:43:32.045 --> 00:43:34.897
you could build installations

00:43:34.897 --> 00:43:36.289
for museums that would

00:43:36.289 --> 00:43:38.289
, you know, be cheap and

00:43:38.289 --> 00:43:39.565
- so one of the things

00:43:39.565 --> 00:43:40.780
that I think is very interesting

00:43:40.780 --> 00:43:41.787
that's happening right now,

00:43:41.787 --> 00:43:42.910
is that if you use something

00:43:42.910 --> 00:43:44.996
like Arduino to teacher.

00:43:44.996 --> 00:43:47.663
For example you can

00:43:47.663 --> 00:43:49.949
– you can do use

00:43:49.949 --> 00:43:50.852
a lot of technology

00:43:50.852 --> 00:43:52.852
that you have all in the same place.

00:43:52.852 --> 00:43:54.985
But a lot of teaching unfortunately

00:43:54.985 --> 00:43:56.467
is still divided by subjects.

00:43:56.467 --> 00:43:58.598
So you do things in Arts,

00:43:58.598 --> 00:44:00.141
and then you do Math,

00:44:00.141 --> 00:44:01.626
and then you do Literature,

00:44:01.626 --> 00:44:02.624
and then you do

00:44:02.624 --> 00:44:03.738
– and you do is like all

00:44:03.760 --> 00:44:06.683
, you know, we called it (silos), sometimes.

00:44:06.683 --> 00:44:08.576
They're separated, you know.

00:44:08.576 --> 00:44:10.035
While if you are building

00:44:10.035 --> 00:44:12.274
a project using Arduino,

00:44:12.253 --> 00:44:14.293
you might need to put together

00:44:14.293 --> 00:44:16.336
some of your understanding

00:44:16.336 --> 00:44:17.338
on Physics

00:44:17.338 --> 00:44:18.795
because you're trying to make

00:44:18.795 --> 00:44:20.599
some to evolve, you know.

00:44:20.599 --> 00:44:22.276
I was once I was trying

00:44:22.276 --> 00:44:23.344
to build some kind of a

00:44:23.344 --> 00:44:24.788
a robotic armor,

00:44:24.788 --> 00:44:26.788
to draw something on paper

00:44:26.788 --> 00:44:27.696
and I realized that,

00:44:27.696 --> 00:44:29.078
oh wow, now I have to

00:44:29.078 --> 00:44:31.012
remember all those (Economics)

00:44:31.012 --> 00:44:33.183
with formulas that I always hated

00:44:33.183 --> 00:44:34.491
when I was a student.

00:44:34.491 --> 00:44:35.995
Why did I hate them?

00:44:35.995 --> 00:44:37.291
Because people, thought me

00:44:37.291 --> 00:44:38.567
those (Economics) with formula

00:44:38.567 --> 00:44:40.369
without ever explaining to me

00:44:40.369 --> 00:44:42.588
why would I need them.

00:44:42.588 --> 00:44:44.740
And then I have

00:44:44.740 --> 00:44:45.496
the problem that

00:44:45.496 --> 00:44:47.215
I have an XY coordinate

00:44:47.215 --> 00:44:48.141
and I have to turn it in

00:44:48.141 --> 00:44:49.905
two and three angles.

00:44:49.905 --> 00:44:51.905
I said, “Oh, take a moment

00:44:51.905 --> 00:44:52.850
(inaudible).”

00:44:54.358 --> 00:44:56.565
So in a way this kind of project-based

00:44:56.565 --> 00:44:58.565
learning with learning by doing.

00:44:58.565 --> 00:44:59.737
And as if I have to say

00:44:59.737 --> 00:45:01.136
you put together all your knowledge

00:45:01.136 --> 00:45:03.201
and then suddenly you move

00:45:03.201 --> 00:45:04.373
from one – visibly

00:45:04.373 --> 00:45:06.481
go now so you find your ways kind of

00:45:06.481 --> 00:45:09.566
a toy that uses Physics

00:45:09.566 --> 00:45:11.566
and then uses Music.

00:45:11.566 --> 00:45:13.566
Then you need to produce sound

00:45:13.566 --> 00:45:14.667
from them to hear.

00:45:14.667 --> 00:45:16.514
Oh, I need to make a sound.

00:45:16.514 --> 00:45:18.470
So I need to know about frequency

00:45:18.470 --> 00:45:20.470
and I need to know about notes.

00:45:20.470 --> 00:45:23.188
I need to know about echo

00:45:23.188 --> 00:45:24.484
and all these kind of things.

00:45:24.484 --> 00:45:26.570
So, suddenly all you - things you learned

00:45:26.570 --> 00:45:28.570
in Music they go into

00:45:28.570 --> 00:45:29.940
your project.

00:45:29.940 --> 00:45:31.516
So building projects with this

00:45:31.516 --> 00:45:33.406
kind of technology in my opinion,

00:45:33.406 --> 00:45:34.536
is very powerful

00:45:34.536 --> 00:45:36.235
because it teaches kids.

00:45:36.235 --> 00:45:37.302
And when you're trying

00:45:37.302 --> 00:45:38.369
to solve the problem

00:45:38.369 --> 00:45:40.026
you bring in everything

00:45:40.026 --> 00:45:42.026
you know about life.

00:45:42.026 --> 00:45:43.922
That's why for example say

00:45:43.922 --> 00:45:45.922
the farmer learning about Arduino.

00:45:45.922 --> 00:45:47.922
Because in a way,

00:45:47.922 --> 00:45:49.620
they bring some life skills

00:45:49.620 --> 00:45:51.620
about that subject that

00:45:51.620 --> 00:45:54.633
unless you're also a farmer you don't know.

00:45:54.633 --> 00:45:57.116
All you have do is ask.

00:45:57.116 --> 00:45:57.921
Sorry?

00:45:57.921 --> 00:45:59.550
Hi sir, my name is (Gabrielle).

00:45:59.572 --> 00:46:01.094
So I teach a robotics

00:46:01.094 --> 00:46:02.568
at school music and (inaudible).

00:46:02.568 --> 00:46:03.073
Okay.

00:46:03.073 --> 00:46:04.321
And later they (inaudible).

00:46:04.321 --> 00:46:05.687
So the thing now is a lot of student

00:46:05.687 --> 00:46:07.253
are very excited to use

00:46:07.253 --> 00:46:08.278
(scratch programming)

00:46:08.278 --> 00:46:08.949
Yeah.

00:46:08.949 --> 00:46:10.290
But the thing is a lot of students

00:46:10.290 --> 00:46:11.811
want to learn (syntax),

00:46:11.811 --> 00:46:14.526
but the school teachers do not allow

00:46:14.547 --> 00:46:15.739
their students to learn (syntax).

00:46:15.739 --> 00:46:17.367
So what do you think

00:46:17.367 --> 00:46:19.154
could do that experience teach

00:46:19.154 --> 00:46:21.606
to learn syntax building? That's it.

00:46:21.671 --> 00:46:24.515
Well, mm mhmm.

00:46:25.010 --> 00:46:27.441
I mean (Scratch) is really good

00:46:27.441 --> 00:46:28.772
to teach your young kid.

00:46:28.772 --> 00:46:30.772
You get going very quickly.

00:46:30.772 --> 00:46:32.772
But then obviously there is

00:46:32.772 --> 00:46:34.425
a point where

00:46:34.425 --> 00:46:35.752
if you become an expert

00:46:35.752 --> 00:46:37.752
there's also personal productivity.

00:46:37.752 --> 00:46:39.026
So if you're an expert,

00:46:39.026 --> 00:46:40.764
(but they used I don't) want to

00:46:40.764 --> 00:46:43.243
– and you know that as we

00:46:43.243 --> 00:46:45.092
the big people who have built tools

00:46:45.092 --> 00:46:46.323
for Arduino where

00:46:46.323 --> 00:46:48.323
– even the (aim) of tool

00:46:48.323 --> 00:46:50.323
shows you the Arduino code

00:46:50.323 --> 00:46:51.347
generated us.

00:46:51.347 --> 00:46:52.469
So that one is a good idea

00:46:52.469 --> 00:46:54.295
because once you build the project

00:46:54.295 --> 00:46:55.168
you kind of stop

00:46:55.168 --> 00:46:56.629
because it's too complicated,

00:46:56.629 --> 00:46:58.299
then you generate the code.

00:46:58.299 --> 00:46:59.894
You cut it and paste it to Arduino

00:46:59.894 --> 00:47:01.049
and you could (ping).

00:47:01.049 --> 00:47:03.049
And then kind of, you know,

00:47:03.049 --> 00:47:05.049
then it keeps getting mapped

00:47:05.049 --> 00:47:07.049
the blocks to the code.

00:47:07.049 --> 00:47:09.156
But you need to get to the point

00:47:09.156 --> 00:47:11.156
that they are trying to do something,

00:47:11.156 --> 00:47:12.772
that they cannot do

00:47:12.772 --> 00:47:13.921
with visual tool

00:47:13.943 --> 00:47:16.268
and then they are motivated.

00:47:16.268 --> 00:47:18.248
Even with the adults it's like,

00:47:18.248 --> 00:47:19.832
when I started teaching,

00:47:19.832 --> 00:47:21.681
the first lectures I did it

00:47:21.681 --> 00:47:24.435
in a way I saw people teaching in university.

00:47:24.500 --> 00:47:26.984
So started teaching people about electricity,

00:47:26.984 --> 00:47:29.158
electrons, current, atoms.

00:47:29.158 --> 00:47:31.079
And then everybody was, you know,

00:47:31.079 --> 00:47:31.887
getting distracted.

00:47:31.887 --> 00:47:33.298
They would browse a data

00:47:33.298 --> 00:47:34.778
and make it a wifi.

00:47:34.778 --> 00:47:35.688
I said, “Oh, wow”.

00:47:35.688 --> 00:47:37.688
Even I turned off the wifi

00:47:37.688 --> 00:47:39.688
or I become a different teacher.

00:47:39.688 --> 00:47:42.078
So, I said this was the second option.

00:47:42.078 --> 00:47:43.580
And I realized that, you know,

00:47:43.580 --> 00:47:44.949
when I was kid I learned

00:47:44.949 --> 00:47:46.326
by doing things.

00:47:46.326 --> 00:47:48.196
And when I started learning

00:47:48.196 --> 00:47:50.283
what all the (gist) as a kid

00:47:50.283 --> 00:47:52.720
was the moment something

00:47:52.720 --> 00:47:55.042
I was trying to do, required me

00:47:55.042 --> 00:47:56.780
to learn about knowledge.

00:47:56.780 --> 00:47:58.543
So in that particular context,

00:47:58.543 --> 00:48:01.845
that piece of knowledge connected with

00:48:01.845 --> 00:48:04.378
my situation and I was open

00:48:04.378 --> 00:48:06.378
to that concept.

00:48:06.378 --> 00:48:08.421
But if I try to learn

00:48:08.421 --> 00:48:09.878
a bunch of things completely

00:48:09.878 --> 00:48:11.772
in abstraction with no connection

00:48:11.772 --> 00:48:12.623
with my life,

00:48:12.623 --> 00:48:14.623
what's the point of this knowledge?

00:48:14.623 --> 00:48:16.051
It goes away.

00:48:16.051 --> 00:48:17.616
So, if the kids get to the point

00:48:17.616 --> 00:48:18.988
that they want to do something,

00:48:18.988 --> 00:48:20.291
but they can't do it

00:48:20.291 --> 00:48:21.830
because the visual tool cannot do it,

00:48:21.830 --> 00:48:23.701
in that moment they are

00:48:23.701 --> 00:48:25.873
ready to invest the energy

00:48:25.873 --> 00:48:29.720
to move to their (level).

00:48:32.842 --> 00:48:34.052
Yes?

00:48:34.052 --> 00:48:35.702
If you had to put Arduino

00:48:35.702 --> 00:48:37.397
and all of these maker community

00:48:37.397 --> 00:48:38.789
in one sentence to someone

00:48:38.789 --> 00:48:39.998
who never heard it before?

00:48:39.998 --> 00:48:41.264
Oh, wow.

00:48:41.264 --> 00:48:43.264
Because a lot of people ask me

00:48:43.264 --> 00:48:45.438
this about what is it

00:48:45.438 --> 00:48:47.676
I can't define this?

00:48:47.676 --> 00:48:50.440
Well, the reason of usual definition of making,

00:48:50.440 --> 00:48:52.156
which is kind of boring.

00:48:52.156 --> 00:48:54.854
It is difficult to create

00:48:54.854 --> 00:48:57.611
like a simple one sentence definition

00:48:57.611 --> 00:48:58.557
also because I noticed

00:48:58.557 --> 00:49:00.557
that even in the maker of community

00:49:00.557 --> 00:49:02.557
a lot of people have a different

00:49:02.557 --> 00:49:04.557
way to think about it.

00:49:04.557 --> 00:49:06.664
To me the important part, is that

00:49:06.664 --> 00:49:09.321
– it is in a way a movement

00:49:09.321 --> 00:49:11.018
that is connected only with

00:49:11.018 --> 00:49:13.192
essentially a DIY attitude,

00:49:13.192 --> 00:49:15.450
so do it yourself attitude,

00:49:15.450 --> 00:49:18.472
which it's essentially

00:49:18.472 --> 00:49:21.342
a technological extension

00:49:21.342 --> 00:49:24.721
of the DIY community,

00:49:24.721 --> 00:49:28.325
which in a way is

00:49:32.388 --> 00:49:35.201
- uses different, you know,

00:49:35.201 --> 00:49:36.897
learning by doing

00:49:36.897 --> 00:49:41.269
and this kind of constructing

00:49:41.269 --> 00:49:44.228
a little bit too technicality's term.

00:49:44.228 --> 00:49:45.681
But in education this makers

00:49:45.681 --> 00:49:47.050
are called constructive in term,

00:49:47.050 --> 00:49:48.702
– you build up your knowledge.

00:49:48.702 --> 00:49:51.070
But in way, so it is essentially,

00:49:51.070 --> 00:49:53.399
it's a DIY community

00:49:53.399 --> 00:49:55.399
that embraces every activity

00:49:55.399 --> 00:49:57.030
with a technological angle.

00:49:57.030 --> 00:49:59.030
So they used digital technologies

00:50:02.216 --> 00:50:04.757
The people who do this are not necessarily

00:50:04.743 --> 00:50:07.281
an expert training at field

00:50:07.782 --> 00:50:09.366
of technology

00:50:09.366 --> 00:50:11.532
They may be somebody that's been speaking at other

00:50:11.532 --> 00:50:13.383
technology and they used

00:50:13.383 --> 00:50:14.955
and in the field they used technology

00:50:14.955 --> 00:50:17.976
and they do a lot of learning by doing,

00:50:17.976 --> 00:50:19.976
learning by making projects.

00:50:19.976 --> 00:50:24.517
So it's the hands on learning and a deep

00:50:24.517 --> 00:50:27.288
another aspect that makes maker different from

00:50:27.288 --> 00:50:29.439
other previous communities

00:50:29.439 --> 00:50:34.778
that it’s learning from other people.

00:50:34.778 --> 00:50:37.803
It's also called peer to peer learning.

00:50:37.803 --> 00:50:40.258
It happens because makers use internet.

00:50:40.258 --> 00:50:42.258
They communicate with people.

00:50:43.635 --> 00:50:47.766
A number of makers that's making complex concepts

00:50:47.766 --> 00:50:51.211
to learn them with a lot of pain

00:50:51.211 --> 00:50:54.775
and then wrote articles online to explain them

00:50:54.775 --> 00:50:56.643
in a different language,

00:50:56.643 --> 00:50:59.659
making it easier for other people to do that.

00:50:59.659 --> 00:51:03.157
And so, I don't know, I should - I think

00:51:03.157 --> 00:51:05.157
I should sit down and probably try come up

00:51:05.157 --> 00:51:07.730
with a very elegant phrase to say this.

00:51:07.730 --> 00:51:09.697
At the moment, I don't.

00:51:09.697 --> 00:51:11.182
There's a couple of people who has,

00:51:11.182 --> 00:51:13.331
a couple different publishers who've asked me to write

00:51:13.331 --> 00:51:15.331
a book about makers.

00:51:15.331 --> 00:51:17.846
But then it would require me to go, all this kind of thinking

00:51:17.846 --> 00:51:21.139
and come up with clever definitions

00:51:21.139 --> 00:51:23.139
or intelligent ideas.

00:51:23.139 --> 00:51:26.625
And so sometimes, yes, kind of.

00:51:26.608 --> 00:51:30.570
I'll just give you an example I think, you know,

00:51:30.570 --> 00:51:34.638
when I started working on microcontrollers

00:51:34.638 --> 00:51:37.018
before I made Arduino,

00:51:37.018 --> 00:51:41.433
I was working with teachers because, you know,

00:51:41.433 --> 00:51:43.433
before I started teaching

00:51:43.433 --> 00:51:45.433
I was working in a – I was working

00:51:45.433 --> 00:51:47.433
and I was doing software for a long, long time.

00:51:47.433 --> 00:51:50.470
And then I was working in investment fund,

00:51:50.470 --> 00:51:52.305
in a venture capital fund.

00:51:52.305 --> 00:51:54.305
And after that okay, this is not for me.

00:51:54.305 --> 00:51:56.008
I don't like this.

00:51:56.008 --> 00:51:57.842
I want to go to something

00:51:57.842 --> 00:51:59.842
that has got something to do with, you know,

00:51:59.842 --> 00:52:02.582
maybe something and maybe helping people

00:52:02.582 --> 00:52:04.582
so I started teaching in the school.

00:52:04.582 --> 00:52:06.582
That's why I used (pictures)

00:52:06.582 --> 00:52:09.300
because they were - they're very

00:52:09.300 --> 00:52:11.300
the most easy one to find on the market,

00:52:11.300 --> 00:52:13.300
because Italian's were using the pictures

00:52:13.300 --> 00:52:15.300
to hack satellite tv's.

00:52:15.300 --> 00:52:17.300
So they can watch their – the football game.

00:52:18.013 --> 00:52:21.299
So they – you could buy them anywhere from.

00:52:21.299 --> 00:52:23.299
But then after a while,

00:52:23.299 --> 00:52:25.721
we found a lot of limitation in the (pictures).

00:52:25.721 --> 00:52:27.721
And we want something that would have a good

00:52:27.721 --> 00:52:30.419
free open-source C compiler

00:52:30.419 --> 00:52:33.258
and in the end we ended up using the AVR

00:52:33.258 --> 00:52:35.408
because one of my

00:52:35.408 --> 00:52:40.180
(in a way) mentors, yes, (inaudible) told me

00:52:40.180 --> 00:52:41.310
I'm going to look at the AVR,

00:52:41.310 --> 00:52:43.310
but at least the reason why we ended up using it,

00:52:43.310 --> 00:52:46.738
is because the old community,

00:52:46.738 --> 00:52:49.034
which was not called makers back then

00:52:49.034 --> 00:52:51.719
who read all their AVR documentation

00:52:51.719 --> 00:52:55.014
which wasn’t clearly written

00:52:55.014 --> 00:52:58.621
digested it and they wrote their own articles,

00:52:58.621 --> 00:53:00.621
they explained the same stuff

00:53:00.621 --> 00:53:02.621
in the language that humans would understand.

00:53:02.621 --> 00:53:08.417
So we started to work with AVR's, for

00:53:08.417 --> 00:53:09.818
also for that reason

00:53:09.818 --> 00:53:13.112
because the documentation was, you know,

00:53:13.112 --> 00:53:15.862
unable - in a format

00:53:15.862 --> 00:53:17.862
that wasn't an official datasheets

00:53:17.862 --> 00:53:19.862
but also articles like people

00:53:19.862 --> 00:53:21.862
explaining how to do this.

00:53:23.471 --> 00:53:25.790
So I think in a way, you know,

00:53:25.790 --> 00:53:28.108
this is a community

00:53:28.108 --> 00:53:30.108
that were kind of helping each other

00:53:30.108 --> 00:53:32.308
kind of part of the - the sharing

00:53:32.308 --> 00:53:35.319
is part of the package.

00:53:38.321 --> 00:53:42.666
(Inaudible), is someone who is

00:53:42.666 --> 00:53:44.666
hoping to go beyond other than looking

00:53:44.666 --> 00:53:47.576
to the (inaudible) besides the services like

00:53:47.576 --> 00:53:49.905
easy work or rather

00:53:49.905 --> 00:53:53.632
a relatively easier introduction into (inaudible).

00:53:53.632 --> 00:53:55.632
Yeah, by using Arduino you said that

00:53:55.632 --> 00:53:57.632
-that the development.
-Yeah, but like beyond

00:53:57.632 --> 00:54:01.115
(inaudible) coding and (inaudible).

00:54:01.795 --> 00:54:04.870
(For you), when you use Arduino, you're doing C++.

00:54:04.870 --> 00:54:06.870
So, the question is that,

00:54:06.870 --> 00:54:09.087
unfortunately there's a bunch of people

00:54:09.087 --> 00:54:12.173
who called themselves professional developers

00:54:12.173 --> 00:54:14.173
where not all of them

00:54:14.173 --> 00:54:15.640
are professionals but some of them

00:54:15.640 --> 00:54:17.640
called themselves professional.

00:54:17.640 --> 00:54:19.640
There is this (fellow) Arduino is not a real

00:54:19.640 --> 00:54:21.640
thing so you're not doing (embedded).

00:54:21.640 --> 00:54:23.640
You're doing an (embedded) it's C++.

00:54:23.640 --> 00:54:25.640
So you can actually take it

00:54:25.640 --> 00:54:27.454
out of the Arduino IDM, and use

00:54:27.454 --> 00:54:29.454
the common language you want.

00:54:29.454 --> 00:54:31.454
And there's a bunch of people that use Arduino

00:54:31.454 --> 00:54:33.454
to build actual products.

00:54:33.454 --> 00:54:35.454
Somebody even wrote an article that a few

00:54:35.454 --> 00:54:37.454
maybe a year ago saying that

00:54:37.454 --> 00:54:40.319
they will use an Arduino in industrial equipment.

00:54:40.319 --> 00:54:42.319
And they thought that was (functioning)

00:54:42.319 --> 00:54:44.319
and the people should stop

00:54:44.319 --> 00:54:46.319
in a way considering Arduino,

00:54:46.319 --> 00:54:48.319
just as for providing to,

00:54:48.319 --> 00:54:52.685
because it's kind of stable.

00:54:52.685 --> 00:54:55.119
And one of the advantage of Arduino

00:54:55.119 --> 00:54:58.158
gives you is that

00:54:59.087 --> 00:55:01.087
its productivity.

00:55:01.087 --> 00:55:03.087
It was easy

00:55:03.087 --> 00:55:05.087
because this company (Siemens) made this

00:55:05.087 --> 00:55:07.087
small industrial computer that's

00:55:07.087 --> 00:55:10.147
based on the Intel Galileo

00:55:10.147 --> 00:55:13.230
and they give the documentation,

00:55:13.230 --> 00:55:15.230
so it shows you how to use the official

00:55:15.230 --> 00:55:18.563
Intel IDE for this processor.

00:55:18.563 --> 00:55:20.563
And the set up

00:55:20.563 --> 00:55:22.563
setting up with development environment

00:55:22.563 --> 00:55:25.633
takes the first 20 pages of

00:55:25.633 --> 00:55:28.283
the manual, 20 pages

00:55:28.283 --> 00:55:34.848
of like hard core C language -- literally

00:55:34.848 --> 00:55:37.844
Option B. You take a USB cable.

00:55:37.844 --> 00:55:39.592
You plug it in this thing.

00:55:39.592 --> 00:55:40.911
You download Arduino.

00:55:40.911 --> 00:55:43.816
You select Intel Galileo Generation 2.

00:55:43.816 --> 00:55:46.866
Select the blink. Press the button,

00:55:46.866 --> 00:55:49.603
30 seconds later there it is - easy.

00:55:49.603 --> 00:55:51.923
So the instructions you can write them

00:55:51.923 --> 00:55:53.923
in a fortune cookie in a Chinese restaurant.

00:55:53.923 --> 00:55:55.923
Snap it and then

00:55:55.923 --> 00:55:57.923
the instructions are on the fortune cookie, you know.

00:55:57.923 --> 00:56:00.489
So to me that was very important

00:56:00.489 --> 00:56:02.289
because I know a lot of people

00:56:02.289 --> 00:56:03.838
who develop software

00:56:03.838 --> 00:56:05.502
they goes in to industries.

00:56:05.502 --> 00:56:07.502
They run companies

00:56:07.502 --> 00:56:09.502
and they have been here doing software

00:56:09.502 --> 00:56:11.502
in different ways and they will have

00:56:11.502 --> 00:56:14.631
a lot of – they would waste a lot of time,

00:56:14.631 --> 00:56:16.631
trying to learn and try to development

00:56:16.631 --> 00:56:18.631
many kind of, you know, old style.

00:56:18.631 --> 00:56:20.631
While Arduino allows them

00:56:20.631 --> 00:56:23.497
to be productive today, you know.

00:56:24.741 --> 00:56:26.925
So one of the things,

00:56:26.925 --> 00:56:28.925
obviously you want to do is,

00:56:30.799 --> 00:56:32.570
because I'm talking at the arm

00:56:32.570 --> 00:56:35.793
based Arduinos or the Intel based Arduino,

00:56:35.793 --> 00:56:37.793
because they are more powerful.

00:56:37.793 --> 00:56:39.793
Also the industry thing is that,

00:56:39.793 --> 00:56:42.586
if you start with Arduino and you make an (inaudible).

00:56:42.586 --> 00:56:46.966
If you look at the place

00:56:46.966 --> 00:56:48.966
where you keep your sketch,

00:56:48.966 --> 00:56:51.491
Arduino converts the code into

00:56:51.491 --> 00:56:53.491
full blown C++

00:56:53.491 --> 00:56:55.177
and then compiles it.

00:56:55.177 --> 00:56:57.327
And you can even keep the assembly language

00:56:57.327 --> 00:56:59.142
that was compiled.

00:56:59.142 --> 00:57:01.142
So if you want, you can use the Arduino code

00:57:01.142 --> 00:57:03.939
to see from the function

00:57:03.939 --> 00:57:05.939
to the binary.

00:57:05.939 --> 00:57:08.104
And then you can open the source code

00:57:08.104 --> 00:57:10.104
and go those are DigitalWrite.

00:57:10.104 --> 00:57:12.104
Okay, good. Let's look at

00:57:12.104 --> 00:57:14.422
what DigitalWrite does.

00:57:14.422 --> 00:57:17.180
And by looking at the source code,

00:57:17.180 --> 00:57:20.209
you can then go back and understand

00:57:20.209 --> 00:57:22.209
every single thing that's happening

00:57:22.209 --> 00:57:24.209
to the code down

00:57:24.209 --> 00:57:26.209
to the (metal),

00:57:26.209 --> 00:57:28.209
which is something that you might not

00:57:28.209 --> 00:57:30.209
be able to do without tools because

00:57:30.209 --> 00:57:32.209
they don't know the source or

00:57:32.209 --> 00:57:34.209
the source is insane.

00:57:34.209 --> 00:57:36.461
This may go back in median files.

00:57:38.020 --> 00:57:40.020
So in a lot of schools, they use

00:57:40.020 --> 00:57:42.020
Arduino to teach and make the development

00:57:42.020 --> 00:57:44.188
because if you look at the (APIs),

00:57:44.188 --> 00:57:46.188
the code is so steeple

00:57:46.188 --> 00:57:48.324
that a bachelor student

00:57:48.324 --> 00:57:50.324
can learn everything in a few days

00:57:50.324 --> 00:57:52.592
from high level to

00:57:52.592 --> 00:57:55.448
what happens in the processors.

00:57:55.448 --> 00:58:00.673
So, I think you can make more comp

00:58:00.673 --> 00:58:02.673
make use of more complex Arduino

00:58:02.673 --> 00:58:04.673
where you can use Arduino in a way to

00:58:04.673 --> 00:58:06.924
move to more complicated.

00:58:13.772 --> 00:58:15.772
Oh, question?

00:58:15.772 --> 00:58:17.772
Hi, (I'm Donna). I'm living in here.

00:58:17.772 --> 00:58:19.772
I guess my question is,

00:58:19.772 --> 00:58:21.772
do you have anything to say

00:58:21.772 --> 00:58:23.772
to people who do not appreciate

00:58:23.772 --> 00:58:25.772
the open source culture as much?

00:58:27.662 --> 00:58:29.662
Well,

00:58:29.662 --> 00:58:31.895
I think the people who don't appreciate

00:58:31.895 --> 00:58:33.895
the open source culture

00:58:33.895 --> 00:58:35.895
are becoming less and less.

00:58:35.895 --> 00:58:38.307
And the biggest example to me

00:58:38.307 --> 00:58:40.307
is Microsoft.

00:58:40.307 --> 00:58:42.307
So Microsoft used to be

00:58:42.307 --> 00:58:44.307
officially from the Excel side

00:58:44.307 --> 00:58:46.657
their worst enemy of open source.

00:58:46.657 --> 00:58:48.657
That is the famous Halloween (memo)

00:58:48.657 --> 00:58:50.574
that Gates wrote that's like it makes

00:58:50.574 --> 00:58:52.574
the history of open source.

00:58:52.574 --> 00:58:56.573
And now, I worked with Microsoft.

00:58:56.573 --> 00:58:59.907
They are completely different.

00:58:59.907 --> 00:59:01.907
Now they completely

00:59:01.907 --> 00:59:05.575
they are so sold on their open source concept

00:59:05.575 --> 00:59:07.575
that they say, to me they're now they are

00:59:07.575 --> 00:59:09.575
in open source company.

00:59:09.575 --> 00:59:11.575
They are then selecting big sites

00:59:11.575 --> 00:59:13.391
to protect the source code.

00:59:13.391 --> 00:59:14.941
Before there were a proprietary company,

00:59:14.941 --> 00:59:16.311
selectively releasing.

00:59:16.311 --> 00:59:18.092
They even shutdown the open source

00:59:18.092 --> 00:59:19.713
group they had because now,

00:59:19.713 --> 00:59:21.713
they don't need a separate open source code.

00:59:21.713 --> 00:59:23.713
Every team

00:59:23.713 --> 00:59:25.713
I worked with, releases code.

00:59:25.713 --> 00:59:27.713
They release the code for everything,

00:59:27.713 --> 00:59:30.444
you know, for .net or - so in a way

00:59:30.444 --> 00:59:31.961
that's obviously they don't release

00:59:31.961 --> 00:59:33.961
the code for everything.

00:59:34.394 --> 00:59:37.106
But they're, you know, they made

00:59:37.106 --> 00:59:39.106
a huge transformation because

00:59:39.106 --> 00:59:41.106
this thing, the multiplication,

00:59:41.106 --> 00:59:43.921
the value multiplies with the open source.

00:59:43.921 --> 00:59:46.716
Last year we participated

00:59:46.716 --> 00:59:48.716
in a study that people were making

00:59:48.716 --> 00:59:51.599
about Internet of Things developers.

00:59:51.599 --> 00:59:53.599
And this survey

00:59:53.599 --> 00:59:55.085
was like a worldwide survey

00:59:55.085 --> 00:59:57.085
of thousands of developers.

00:59:57.511 --> 00:59:59.715
And they estimated that there were

00:59:59.715 --> 01:00:03.125
4.5 million people in the world that defined themselves

01:00:03.282 --> 01:00:05.053
as IoT developers

01:00:05.582 --> 01:00:06.789
And they defined it,

01:00:07.504 --> 01:00:11.846
around 80% of them says that,

01:00:12.847 --> 01:00:14.847
either they would only work with open source

01:00:14.962 --> 01:00:16.962
or they only work with open source tools

01:00:17.062 --> 01:00:18.904
or they even, you know,

01:00:19.061 --> 01:00:21.953
imagine to open source part of their technology.

01:00:22.110 --> 01:00:24.110
So in a way right now,

01:00:24.840 --> 01:00:27.874
any say company knows that

01:00:27.960 --> 01:00:29.960
in order to convince developers

01:00:30.046 --> 01:00:31.365
to use your technology,

01:00:31.437 --> 01:00:33.249
you have to make the open source.

01:00:35.466 --> 01:00:37.731
Even in US to make the (inaudible) knowledge

01:00:37.788 --> 01:00:39.904
of (inaudible) so back in the days

01:00:40.605 --> 01:00:41.437
like there was this company

01:00:41.437 --> 01:00:43.741
Broadcom that was making this Wi-Fi module

01:00:43.770 --> 01:00:48.314
that were (inaudible), you know.

01:00:48.323 --> 01:00:50.560
Probably some of the best Wi-Fi chips

01:00:50.803 --> 01:00:53.844
but in documentation it was impossible to get.

01:00:54.330 --> 01:00:55.885
Then they sold this kind of

01:00:57.030 --> 01:00:58.157
(inaudible) to Cypress

01:00:58.186 --> 01:01:00.258
and one of the first thing the Cypress gave was to

01:01:00.272 --> 01:01:03.204
open all the documentation and put (your light).

01:01:04.034 --> 01:01:07.667
And, you know, openness of information

01:01:07.696 --> 01:01:08.741
open source

01:01:10.243 --> 01:01:12.428
clearly multiplies the value of

01:01:12.442 --> 01:01:13.326
whatever you call it.

01:01:14.284 --> 01:01:15.159
If you are doing

01:01:16.304 --> 01:01:17.065
and

01:01:18.567 --> 01:01:20.128
I think there's less and less people

01:01:20.171 --> 01:01:21.829
they can defend

01:01:22.473 --> 01:01:24.069
not to be the open source.

01:01:24.069 --> 01:01:26.842
Clearly there are situations when you should keep some code,

01:01:26.921 --> 01:01:27.658
not open.

01:01:28.640 --> 01:01:29.802
Because I – we have to be

01:01:30.306 --> 01:01:33.795
an expert and admit that open source community

01:01:34.573 --> 01:01:36.071
it is not always

01:01:36.770 --> 01:01:38.415
not always everybody plays

01:01:38.981 --> 01:01:40.519
a fair game.

01:01:41.359 --> 01:01:42.476
There's a lot of people that

01:01:42.909 --> 01:01:44.258
there are basically

01:01:44.559 --> 01:01:46.875
they take from the open source community

01:01:46.946 --> 01:01:48.946
but they don't give anything back.

01:01:49.989 --> 01:01:51.989
Like the people who are making this

01:01:52.387 --> 01:01:54.387
you know, compatible Arduino boards.

01:01:55.519 --> 01:01:56.394
And they're making

01:01:57.137 --> 01:01:59.251
hundreds of thousands of them.

01:02:00.082 --> 01:02:02.461
They are using all the work that we did

01:02:03.151 --> 01:02:05.338
and they don't contribute anything back.

01:02:06.753 --> 01:02:07.962
And if you email them and say,

01:02:08.183 --> 01:02:10.033
“Okay, you're copying Arduino."

01:02:10.033 --> 01:02:11.715
"Can you at least put the files"

01:02:12.413 --> 01:02:13.962
"for the board online?”

01:02:14.563 --> 01:02:16.438
Sometimes there are even provide to you,

01:02:16.535 --> 01:02:18.348
sometimes they'll tell you, you know, get lost.

01:02:19.038 --> 01:02:20.976
So clearly there is a problem right now

01:02:20.976 --> 01:02:23.752
in the open source world that

01:02:26.418 --> 01:02:30.262
there's a lot of people that are more playing safe.

01:02:30.271 --> 01:02:33.323
They are taking from all of us,

01:02:33.915 --> 01:02:35.220
they're also taking money

01:02:35.917 --> 01:02:37.917
but they're not either giving back

01:02:39.403 --> 01:02:40.621
(software) work

01:02:41.099 --> 01:02:43.099
or they're not giving back money.

01:02:44.408 --> 01:02:47.411
So that's one issue we have in that open source world right now

01:02:47.411 --> 01:02:51.105
is to remind people that open source work

01:02:51.105 --> 01:02:52.201
if we both share.

01:02:53.165 --> 01:02:55.165
If only one shares and the other one write

01:02:55.174 --> 01:02:57.174
I mean, or cashes the money,

01:02:57.866 --> 01:02:58.606
you know,

01:02:59.110 --> 01:03:00.082
it doesn't work.

01:03:03.955 --> 01:03:04.441
Yes?

01:03:04.714 --> 01:03:06.980
I'd like to know the role of Arduino right?

01:03:07.007 --> 01:03:08.646
I mean, today is okay,

01:03:08.938 --> 01:03:10.011
you don't really (weary) where you started

01:03:10.011 --> 01:03:11.647
from the time of graduating

01:03:11.682 --> 01:03:14.237
or studying something happening

01:03:14.237 --> 01:03:16.237
became dream of people in the night?

01:03:16.918 --> 01:03:19.649
No, no. It took many, many years.

01:03:20.908 --> 01:03:23.395
At the beginning I think,

01:03:24.376 --> 01:03:28.490
me and my co-founder David Cuartielles,

01:03:28.517 --> 01:03:32.090
we put the grand total of 700 euros,

01:03:33.248 --> 01:03:35.311
which will probably like a thousand dollar

01:03:35.338 --> 01:03:37.807
to buy one

01:03:38.523 --> 01:03:41.814
a few - 300 PCBs

01:03:42.202 --> 01:03:44.549
that people could use to assemble their own Arduino.

01:03:45.849 --> 01:03:46.584
And then

01:03:47.795 --> 01:03:49.257
after while we kind of have

01:03:49.681 --> 01:03:55.166
some money together to build 100 USB Arduinos fully mounted

01:03:55.996 --> 01:03:58.272
and it was very (slow) at the beginning,

01:03:58.369 --> 01:03:59.846
you know, it's slowly.

01:04:00.332 --> 01:04:02.888
We spent a lot of time explaining to people

01:04:02.897 --> 01:04:04.454
what Arduino was

01:04:05.506 --> 01:04:07.506
and so it was very gradual.

01:04:11.044 --> 01:04:14.024
So I remember that in 2006

01:04:14.458 --> 01:04:17.207
when we sold the first 10,000 Arduino,

01:04:17.251 --> 01:04:20.088
made an – wrote an article on it,

01:04:20.486 --> 01:04:22.673
because it was like a big news.

01:04:22.708 --> 01:04:25.017
Even maker community in 2006

01:04:25.565 --> 01:04:28.866
somebody selling 10,000 units

01:04:29.529 --> 01:04:31.809
was like, you know, when Apple makes the MAC book

01:04:31.914 --> 01:04:34.146
it was, oh my, god 10,000 units.

01:04:35.119 --> 01:04:37.340
So it was very, very, very slow.

01:04:38.313 --> 01:04:40.922
And it required a lot of work from our pipeline.

01:04:40.922 --> 01:04:44.382
At the beginning, we spent and stay amount

01:04:44.417 --> 01:04:45.360
going around Europe

01:04:45.936 --> 01:04:48.194
convincing people to use Arduino,

01:04:48.194 --> 01:04:50.194
teaching free workshops, you know,

01:04:50.875 --> 01:04:52.646
speaking on somebody's floor

01:04:54.114 --> 01:04:55.302
and doing those kind of stuff

01:04:55.373 --> 01:04:58.380
to get people to adopt Arduino.

01:05:01.102 --> 01:05:02.330
And working on the website

01:05:02.374 --> 01:05:04.507
to make the documentation accessible.

01:05:05.148 --> 01:05:06.165
And then slowly,

01:05:06.729 --> 01:05:08.585
some people start to use Arduino,

01:05:08.640 --> 01:05:10.449
they start to build good projects.

01:05:10.814 --> 01:05:13.137
It's not to share the fact that they use Arduino

01:05:13.205 --> 01:05:14.336
to build those projects

01:05:14.347 --> 01:05:16.347
and the people say, “Oh, wow. What's Arduino?”

01:05:16.381 --> 01:05:19.678
And then it got a multiplying effect.

01:05:22.865 --> 01:05:23.524
So,

01:05:25.805 --> 01:05:27.484
you know, now it's 11 years

01:05:27.484 --> 01:05:29.484
that we have released Arduino.

01:05:29.501 --> 01:05:30.372
And so

01:05:31.577 --> 01:05:33.429
it takes a few years

01:05:33.429 --> 01:05:35.429
and at the beginning they were a lot of people,

01:05:35.452 --> 01:05:37.362
they're like, why are you doing this?

01:05:37.373 --> 01:05:38.075
this is stupid.

01:05:38.642 --> 01:05:39.673
So

01:05:41.513 --> 01:05:44.126
but if the people who are doing that professional development.

01:05:44.828 --> 01:05:46.253
They're like – we know this is stupid

01:05:46.344 --> 01:05:48.492
why you're wasting your time with this?

01:05:50.083 --> 01:05:50.465
Yes?

01:05:50.539 --> 01:05:53.588
Are you saying completely aware of the electronic

01:05:53.622 --> 01:05:55.622
potency we've seen on the internet

01:05:55.690 --> 01:05:57.690
when you came across the designer?

01:05:58.324 --> 01:06:00.324
They feel (inaudible).

01:06:00.539 --> 01:06:03.082
Yes. There's a lot of projects in that area.

01:06:03.156 --> 01:06:05.630
That's actually a product called Arduino (MKR)

01:06:05.625 --> 01:06:08.275
-that the people deals a lot for that.
-We believe in (pipeline)

01:06:08.332 --> 01:06:11.309
anything that goes (inaudible) to impress you in any way.

01:06:13.391 --> 01:06:15.510
There's a lot of nice projects that are based on

01:06:15.510 --> 01:06:18.362
like turning, maybe closing into light displays

01:06:18.509 --> 01:06:21.390
or using them as sensor to make music or stuff.

01:06:21.843 --> 01:06:24.008
I mean, there's a nice – a lot of nice things like that.

01:06:24.251 --> 01:06:27.293
But there was fashion designer from Milan.

01:06:27.287 --> 01:06:29.219
She made this corsett

01:06:29.242 --> 01:06:30.463
that uses

01:06:31.295 --> 01:06:32.532
(inaudible)

01:06:32.560 --> 01:06:35.897
it's like a special metal that contract and expand.

01:06:36.152 --> 01:06:39.758
So that this kind of the corsett expands and contracts,

01:06:40.544 --> 01:06:42.544
teaching you how to breathe properly

01:06:43.687 --> 01:06:45.687
or it uses sensors

01:06:45.801 --> 01:06:48.494
to gather like air quality and stuff like that

01:06:48.571 --> 01:06:49.687
and is going to use that

01:06:49.823 --> 01:06:50.889
so they're (inaudible).

01:06:50.901 --> 01:06:52.901
So (inaudible) because that they're

01:06:53.286 --> 01:06:55.615
the concept was going to strain data,

01:06:56.237 --> 01:06:57.146
but it was also kind of

01:06:57.169 --> 01:06:59.169
ng you how to breathe properly.

01:06:59.628 --> 01:07:02.002
So there are some interesting projects

01:07:02.280 --> 01:07:03.084
like that.

01:07:03.452 --> 01:07:04.919
I think right now

01:07:05.293 --> 01:07:06.834
the problem is that

01:07:07.462 --> 01:07:10.320
their technology is still a little bit rudimentary.

01:07:10.914 --> 01:07:13.372
So this process about various people

01:07:13.824 --> 01:07:15.762
there is not a lot of

01:07:16.487 --> 01:07:18.198
a lot of projects are

01:07:19.596 --> 01:07:22.017
made with like connecting and updating it

01:07:22.051 --> 01:07:23.200
to a lot of means

01:07:23.639 --> 01:07:25.685
and they build it up flashing in your face.

01:07:27.120 --> 01:07:29.733
So I wouldn't really define that as spectrum.

01:07:30.851 --> 01:07:32.629
This kind of, you know, they’re kind of techie.

01:07:33.433 --> 01:07:35.236
There's no like in the real work

01:07:36.699 --> 01:07:39.608
to use that impression properly.

01:07:39.608 --> 01:07:41.878
So there still a lot of work to do also on the tools.

01:07:41.948 --> 01:07:44.253
The tools that have been too rudimentary

01:07:44.269 --> 01:07:45.135
they're not

01:07:45.597 --> 01:07:46.650
also

01:07:47.729 --> 01:07:49.243
the electronics

01:07:50.465 --> 01:07:51.979


01:07:51.979 --> 01:07:53.554
this mean you cannot already take that clothing

01:07:53.623 --> 01:07:55.623
and put it into the washing machine.

01:07:55.692 --> 01:07:58.364
So, you know, there's still quite a bit of work to do

01:07:58.410 --> 01:08:00.456
to make a next step after

01:08:01.026 --> 01:08:02.601
this generation of products

01:08:03.263 --> 01:08:04.907
which were a brilliant work

01:08:04.946 --> 01:08:08.135
by this woman called (Julia Beacon).

01:08:09.160 --> 01:08:10.881
And (inaudible) with (her) work

01:08:10.881 --> 01:08:12.881
but especially they have the same

01:08:13.844 --> 01:08:16.006
faith in re-progressing, of that.

01:08:18.578 --> 01:08:18.934
Yes.

01:08:19.595 --> 01:08:20.206
Oh yeah, you.

01:08:20.876 --> 01:08:21.925
-Hi.
-Hi.

01:08:23.256 --> 01:08:25.256
If you meet somebody who has no

01:08:25.493 --> 01:08:27.966
(inaudible) what real. What is he going to (inaudible)?

01:08:28.064 --> 01:08:28.670
Oh wow.

01:08:28.701 --> 01:08:29.337
Yes

01:08:29.337 --> 01:08:31.160
it's another thing that I should

01:08:32.439 --> 01:08:34.001
well, you know, to me

01:08:35.688 --> 01:08:37.776
Arduino is a tool

01:08:37.776 --> 01:08:39.522
that allows people to use electronic

01:08:39.545 --> 01:08:41.019
as a creative means.

01:08:41.566 --> 01:08:42.978
So maybe it's a little bit too

01:08:43.509 --> 01:08:44.425
but in a way you know,

01:08:45.033 --> 01:08:46.499
if it allows people

01:08:46.514 --> 01:08:47.544
with no backgrounds

01:08:47.689 --> 01:08:49.326
in electronics software

01:08:49.564 --> 01:08:51.265
to be able to use electronics

01:08:51.502 --> 01:08:53.087
to be creative anyhow.

01:08:53.881 --> 01:08:55.011
And so,

01:08:56.267 --> 01:08:58.390
I never really perfected

01:08:58.390 --> 01:09:00.319
a better electrical (pitch)

01:09:00.366 --> 01:09:03.067
because people also use Arduino

01:09:03.104 --> 01:09:04.586
for all sorts of different things

01:09:04.586 --> 01:09:07.294
so my generic elevator of pitch

01:09:07.340 --> 01:09:09.573
sometime they don't apply to what they do.

01:09:09.715 --> 01:09:11.947
So depending on who I talk to,

01:09:12.462 --> 01:09:13.292
I gave them

01:09:13.292 --> 01:09:16.421
I give them a different interpretation.

01:09:17.261 --> 01:09:19.161
But to me it's a tool that enables people

01:09:19.161 --> 01:09:22.066
with no background in electronics

01:09:22.127 --> 01:09:24.986
or programming to use electronics

01:09:24.986 --> 01:09:28.242
to be creative and innovative.

01:09:29.305 --> 01:09:31.305
That's like a generic pitch.

01:09:34.024 --> 01:09:34.452
Yes.

01:09:35.191 --> 01:09:37.191
We often see a lot (projects) that

01:09:37.214 --> 01:09:39.644
are amazing, that I believe.

01:09:39.644 --> 01:09:41.853
But how about – can you tell us a project

01:09:41.853 --> 01:09:43.707
that you’ve done yourself

01:09:43.745 --> 01:09:44.649
that you're very proud of,

01:09:44.741 --> 01:09:46.741
that is very significant to you?

01:09:47.095 --> 01:09:49.095
Oh, wow. Yeah.

01:09:51.337 --> 01:09:52.649
It hits me.

01:09:54.967 --> 01:09:56.348
I have a strange relationship

01:09:56.388 --> 01:09:57.995
with projects that (give light).

01:09:58.871 --> 01:10:01.953
So when I stopped teaching in Ivrea,

01:10:02.177 --> 01:10:03.133
because the school closed.

01:10:05.537 --> 01:10:07.462
And before Arduino was able to give me

01:10:07.462 --> 01:10:10.175
enough money to make a living,

01:10:10.399 --> 01:10:11.760
I did a lot of projects.

01:10:11.837 --> 01:10:14.278
I was working a lot in exhibition design

01:10:14.679 --> 01:10:15.338
in Milan.

01:10:15.800 --> 01:10:17.136
And so in Milan

01:10:17.136 --> 01:10:19.500
there was a number of events

01:10:19.863 --> 01:10:23.264
where people build these traditions of different kinds.

01:10:23.279 --> 01:10:26.153
So I was building a lot of those kind of interacting exhibition.

01:10:29.678 --> 01:10:32.686
So that's when I did like the most projects.

01:10:32.817 --> 01:10:35.962
Then there's a number of things

01:10:35.962 --> 01:10:38.479
I did with my students.

01:10:39.850 --> 01:10:40.382
So in a way now,

01:10:40.421 --> 01:10:41.890
I did – as new project

01:10:41.890 --> 01:10:43.890
that are mostly for me or for work

01:10:43.890 --> 01:10:45.890
or understanding was needed.

01:10:46.668 --> 01:10:48.483
I think one of the interesting project I did

01:10:48.622 --> 01:10:51.313
back in the days when we were drafting Arduino,

01:10:51.313 --> 01:10:53.005
that with one of my friends

01:10:53.205 --> 01:10:55.205
who was a student back then.

01:10:55.351 --> 01:10:57.074
We developed the wallpaper.

01:10:57.328 --> 01:10:58.832
They can work as a display.

01:10:59.425 --> 01:11:00.913
So there – a wallpaper,

01:11:01.067 --> 01:11:03.714
it's like a space – this was (a display).

01:11:04.392 --> 01:11:06.392
So especially imagine there was a wall,

01:11:06.392 --> 01:11:08.515
it was like 4 meter by 2 meter

01:11:09.077 --> 01:11:10.417
covered in wallpaper.

01:11:10.779 --> 01:11:11.258
But then,

01:11:12.098 --> 01:11:15.074
you could turn the paper from black to white

01:11:15.829 --> 01:11:17.510
and they were every pieces,

01:11:17.510 --> 01:11:19.510
it was like 50 – yeah,

01:11:20.257 --> 01:11:22.715
like 5 centimeters basically

01:11:22.715 --> 01:11:24.119
and you could use it as a display.

01:11:24.204 --> 01:11:25.515
You could write things on the wall.

01:11:25.553 --> 01:11:28.263
And we developed that for Prada

01:11:29.203 --> 01:11:32.846
for their store in Beverly Hills.

01:11:33.755 --> 01:11:35.461
Well, we developed it as

01:11:35.877 --> 01:11:38.505
this is product of the student value (that you will see)

01:11:39.187 --> 01:11:40.929
and then after that they showed it to Prada,

01:11:40.960 --> 01:11:42.575
Prada gave us money to develop it.

01:11:43.191 --> 01:11:43.776
Then in the end

01:11:43.784 --> 01:11:45.444
they didn’t put it into the store

01:11:47.362 --> 01:11:50.751
but this - you had a 4 meter by 2 meter

01:11:51.136 --> 01:11:53.278
prototype and we (inaudible) all of control.

01:11:53.640 --> 01:11:55.532
And one of the application was that

01:11:55.586 --> 01:11:57.286
people will send you a text message

01:11:57.640 --> 01:12:00.254
and it say Arduino was to read the text message

01:12:00.587 --> 01:12:02.260
and display on their wallpaper

01:12:03.132 --> 01:12:05.132
as a big gigantic message.

01:12:06.158 --> 01:12:07.254
That one was a

01:12:09.979 --> 01:12:11.361
that one was a

01:12:11.402 --> 01:12:14.329
I have – we – that we worked on it a lot to develop

01:12:14.329 --> 01:12:16.572
those technology to be able to control (the pixels)

01:12:16.594 --> 01:12:18.754
and that we did a lot of work on that.

01:12:21.082 --> 01:12:21.445
Yes?

01:12:22.102 --> 01:12:24.102
You are (Arduino), what was your

01:12:24.952 --> 01:12:27.545
to drivers into entrepreneur to maybe

01:12:27.545 --> 01:12:29.545
make idea to a reality?

01:12:29.629 --> 01:12:31.629
And what is your advice on that (issue)?

01:12:31.771 --> 01:12:33.771
Young entrepreneur.

01:12:35.450 --> 01:12:38.000
When we – when I started working on Arduino,

01:12:38.000 --> 01:12:41.840
essentially I joined this design school.

01:12:42.285 --> 01:12:43.562
And I was teaching students

01:12:43.580 --> 01:12:44.840
how to use electronics.

01:12:45.070 --> 01:12:46.856
And the tools were kind of, you know,

01:12:47.246 --> 01:12:49.246
even if they only work on Windows,

01:12:49.916 --> 01:12:51.916
they were expensive.

01:12:55.070 --> 01:12:57.070
And also there was this problem that

01:12:58.191 --> 01:13:00.191
we use the (board) with a basic stack

01:13:00.268 --> 01:13:01.849
which was a genius idea

01:13:01.849 --> 01:13:02.685
when it came out

01:13:02.745 --> 01:13:03.934
but the problem was that

01:13:04.286 --> 01:13:05.787
bought tickets from the US,

01:13:05.897 --> 01:13:07.089
go to view this everything.

01:13:07.545 --> 01:13:09.050
It will be something that would

01:13:09.462 --> 01:13:11.953
be less powerful than an Arduino mini.

01:13:12.689 --> 01:13:14.166
It cost us $100.

01:13:15.858 --> 01:13:17.111
And for that time

01:13:17.111 --> 01:13:18.666
it was considered a fairly cheap

01:13:19.122 --> 01:13:20.336
piece of artwork

01:13:20.479 --> 01:13:22.248
because everything else that need

01:13:22.413 --> 01:13:23.860
kind of better development

01:13:23.860 --> 01:13:25.152
was much more expensive.

01:13:26.366 --> 01:13:27.444
So the problem was that

01:13:27.483 --> 01:13:29.345
if a student buys something

01:13:29.373 --> 01:13:31.098
that costs $100.

01:13:31.664 --> 01:13:32.364
They're not going to make

01:13:32.364 --> 01:13:33.558
a lot of prototypes

01:13:33.558 --> 01:13:35.361
because it going to be costly – they’re afraid of

01:13:35.393 --> 01:13:36.242
blowing things up.

01:13:37.077 --> 01:13:38.528
And especially don’t do prototypes

01:13:38.577 --> 01:13:40.037
and they're afraid, they don't make it

01:13:40.136 --> 01:13:42.434
because the only way to have a good idea

01:13:42.434 --> 01:13:45.187
is to have 99 shitty ideas

01:13:45.698 --> 01:13:46.887
and then suddenly like

01:13:46.920 --> 01:13:48.920
idea number 100 and oh, wow!

01:13:48.920 --> 01:13:49.506
This is good.

01:13:50.292 --> 01:13:50.911
But

01:13:51.296 --> 01:13:52.861
it's not like you wake up in the morning

01:13:52.861 --> 01:13:54.355
and the first idea is good.

01:13:54.355 --> 01:13:58.282
You have to go through the 99 crap ideas

01:13:58.503 --> 01:14:00.841
in order to get to number 100.

01:14:00.976 --> 01:14:02.740
So you need to make a lot of prototypes.

01:14:02.762 --> 01:14:03.911
So you need to be unafraid

01:14:04.388 --> 01:14:05.449
of blowing things up.

01:14:05.915 --> 01:14:08.366
You need to be in a position that you feel

01:14:08.366 --> 01:14:09.801
you can fix those, so that it's (true).

01:14:09.829 --> 01:14:11.829
So that's why you are doing those elastic chips

01:14:11.852 --> 01:14:12.797
that you can replace.

01:14:13.848 --> 01:14:14.891
So we started to

01:14:14.891 --> 01:14:16.891
I started to build tools for my students

01:14:16.914 --> 01:14:19.020
first with the big chips

01:14:19.413 --> 01:14:21.622
and (inaudible) and the students did the thesis

01:14:21.729 --> 01:14:24.316
where we started using the (AVRs).

01:14:24.361 --> 01:14:26.361
And then we developed like

01:14:26.361 --> 01:14:28.361
like the part of the

01:14:28.507 --> 01:14:29.251
part of their

01:14:29.527 --> 01:14:31.527
some of the commands in Arduino.

01:14:32.004 --> 01:14:33.586
Then we made I believe

01:14:33.586 --> 01:14:34.830
so in a way, it was kind of a

01:14:35.195 --> 01:14:35.672
we did

01:14:35.672 --> 01:14:38.121
there was an identifiable problem.

01:14:39.087 --> 01:14:42.513
The identifiable problem was not immediately

01:14:42.558 --> 01:14:44.558
there's belief there's something that could make money.

01:14:46.260 --> 01:14:48.046
So, sometimes when you try to create

01:14:48.153 --> 01:14:49.210
something successful.

01:14:51.519 --> 01:14:53.684
You have to define the problem

01:14:54.222 --> 01:14:57.135
try to kind of work toward solving that problem.

01:14:57.702 --> 01:14:58.082
But

01:14:59.301 --> 01:15:01.301
don't be limited by the fact that,

01:15:01.363 --> 01:15:03.363
now you cannot make money

01:15:04.925 --> 01:15:05.867
because

01:15:06.946 --> 01:15:08.297
back in those days,

01:15:08.892 --> 01:15:10.892
there was a perception that it was not

01:15:10.982 --> 01:15:12.982
money to be made with Arduino

01:15:13.482 --> 01:15:16.727
because professional developers thought

01:15:16.739 --> 01:15:18.407
that it wasn’t something they would use.

01:15:19.429 --> 01:15:20.822
Now the issue is,

01:15:21.867 --> 01:15:23.867
if those are not your customers,

01:15:24.288 --> 01:15:25.712
you don't care what they think.

01:15:26.336 --> 01:15:27.724
So they made fun of us.

01:15:27.724 --> 01:15:29.651
And they said that we were stupid

01:15:29.651 --> 01:15:31.342
and we made people stupid

01:15:31.393 --> 01:15:33.006
because Arduino was stupid

01:15:33.180 --> 01:15:35.058
and the examples are we got

01:15:35.058 --> 01:15:37.261
and the web is great because (some states).

01:15:38.344 --> 01:15:40.688
So the people who told me that Arduino

01:15:40.688 --> 01:15:45.298
who was a – baby talk language for Pot heads

01:15:46.241 --> 01:15:47.115
which you know

01:15:47.115 --> 01:15:49.115
because a lot of Americans obviously see

01:15:49.148 --> 01:15:52.033
artists are people who smoke drugs (noh).

01:15:52.165 --> 01:15:54.701
And somebody defined Arduino

01:15:55.426 --> 01:15:59.230
a tool for art is women and painters.

01:16:00.167 --> 01:16:02.754
It was like, what the – you know.

01:16:02.754 --> 01:16:04.264
So there was a lot of

01:16:04.653 --> 01:16:06.540
(let’s call it) racist

01:16:06.533 --> 01:16:08.619
who are making stuff (simple)

01:16:09.008 --> 01:16:11.771
for people and, you know.

01:16:14.060 --> 01:16:15.562
So the professional developers

01:16:15.569 --> 01:16:16.746
thought it was a stupid idea

01:16:16.759 --> 01:16:18.023
but that (was) not the market.

01:16:18.399 --> 01:16:20.524
So then we ended up creating

01:16:21.302 --> 01:16:23.865
millions of people who do embedded development

01:16:24.241 --> 01:16:26.136
that completely outnumber

01:16:26.433 --> 01:16:28.115
the professional developers.

01:16:28.913 --> 01:16:30.913
And now they challenged

01:16:31.829 --> 01:16:32.324
their market

01:16:33.538 --> 01:16:35.538
because some people started to realize that,

01:16:35.538 --> 01:16:36.996
you know, a lot of problems

01:16:37.082 --> 01:16:38.838
can be solved with Arduino.

01:16:38.897 --> 01:16:39.866
you don’t need a

01:16:40.433 --> 01:16:42.433
and so in a way sometimes

01:16:42.644 --> 01:16:44.644
if you are a young entrepreneur

01:16:45.541 --> 01:16:48.002
you should – you should not be

01:16:48.002 --> 01:16:49.715
you should not be limited by the fact that

01:16:49.959 --> 01:16:51.959
the current way of doing something

01:16:51.959 --> 01:16:53.694
tells you that your project

01:16:53.734 --> 01:16:54.685
might not have success

01:16:54.685 --> 01:16:56.369
because maybe you're trying to work

01:16:56.442 --> 01:16:57.984
towards another group of people

01:16:59.096 --> 01:17:00.692
that haven't understood yet

01:17:00.692 --> 01:17:02.447
that their tools is changing their life.

01:17:03.946 --> 01:17:04.416
So

01:17:06.636 --> 01:17:07.979
clearly that requires that

01:17:07.979 --> 01:17:10.029
you maybe have another way to support

01:17:10.029 --> 01:17:13.268
your income while people understand what you do.

01:17:13.814 --> 01:17:15.807
Okay. Can I have last question?

01:17:15.807 --> 01:17:17.224
Oh wow, last question.

01:17:17.335 --> 01:17:19.645
-It’s important now that I (inaudible).
-Very important

01:17:23.736 --> 01:17:25.211
Okay now, I will have

01:17:25.610 --> 01:17:27.171
Last question? Yes?

01:17:27.391 --> 01:17:30.805
Yes, so the question now come

01:17:31.152 --> 01:17:32.258
which relates to business.

01:17:32.258 --> 01:17:34.436
I guess so, I mean okay,

01:17:34.436 --> 01:17:37.282
original having genius create something

01:17:37.765 --> 01:17:39.814
because of your journey,

01:17:39.875 --> 01:17:41.544
in a sense it was not a (inaudible)

01:17:42.872 --> 01:17:44.872
because yeah, well, you know,

01:17:44.872 --> 01:17:46.535
Engineering, cool stuff.

01:17:46.535 --> 01:17:48.535
I mean okay, it's firm, it's working,

01:17:48.552 --> 01:17:50.876
it works well, it works (now)

01:17:51.079 --> 01:17:52.527
there's program that (involves).

01:17:52.663 --> 01:17:55.006
Marketing has a limited different approach.

01:17:55.015 --> 01:17:57.046
You know, it's a bit maybe

01:17:57.071 --> 01:17:59.241
from creativity what you can not say,

01:17:59.241 --> 01:18:03.248
-but why did you (inaudible) is back? 
-Mm hmm.

01:18:03.502 --> 01:18:06.300
Yes, so what was the journey of your team

01:18:06.300 --> 01:18:08.714
particular in this part?

01:18:08.773 --> 01:18:12.731
Well, so it’s serious, you know,

01:18:12.731 --> 01:18:16.176
I have a background in engineering.

01:18:16.445 --> 01:18:18.445
I started electrical engineering

01:18:18.977 --> 01:18:20.977
for then I dropped out university

01:18:20.977 --> 01:18:22.494
so I actually don't have a degree

01:18:23.421 --> 01:18:24.317
which is kind of funny.

01:18:24.317 --> 01:18:25.869
Actually I do have a degree now

01:18:25.903 --> 01:18:28.555
but it’s (inaudible) ceremonial.

01:18:28.614 --> 01:18:29.719
-I have a
-Oh no. No.

01:18:30.000 --> 01:18:31.352
I have a honorary degree

01:18:31.401 --> 01:18:35.422
I have an honorary PhD in English.

01:18:35.434 --> 01:18:38.254
You know, it was a funny getting education.

01:18:38.271 --> 01:18:41.152
But for me, when that happened

01:18:41.819 --> 01:18:42.754
some of my friends were like,

01:18:42.754 --> 01:18:44.754
“Oh no, they didn't give you a....”

01:18:45.053 --> 01:18:45.569
that's what a

01:18:45.569 --> 01:18:47.006
that's exactly this people

01:18:47.006 --> 01:18:48.259
they understood.

01:18:48.710 --> 01:18:50.440
This is not about electronics,

01:18:50.440 --> 01:18:51.632
it's not about software.

01:18:51.736 --> 01:18:55.459
It's about tools for teaching people about

01:18:56.093 --> 01:18:57.773
I was very honored to receive that

01:18:57.773 --> 01:18:58.962
the University of Bath.

01:18:59.681 --> 01:19:01.746
I get to dress like (Andre Diaz).

01:19:01.746 --> 01:19:04.535
It was kind of like an (avid) Harry Potter's situation,

01:19:04.689 --> 01:19:06.689
where you can kind of walk in to the abbey.

01:19:06.982 --> 01:19:08.566
You know, and I was like “Wow!”

01:19:08.827 --> 01:19:10.357
You know, so it’s kind of a weird.

01:19:10.400 --> 01:19:12.400
Well, getting there, I was super honored.

01:19:13.139 --> 01:19:15.570
The other guy who got the honorary degree was saying

01:19:15.570 --> 01:19:18.228
that he was John Cleese

01:19:18.409 --> 01:19:20.537
from, you know, from Monty Python.

01:19:20.521 --> 01:19:22.811
So, that was very good – very cool.

01:19:23.592 --> 01:19:25.079
So apart from me not carrying a degree,

01:19:25.715 --> 01:19:28.344
I did software for a long time

01:19:30.761 --> 01:19:32.414
but I always work with designers.

01:19:32.787 --> 01:19:34.341
And also being from Milan,

01:19:34.357 --> 01:19:36.310
I always kind of had new people

01:19:36.310 --> 01:19:37.707
that were either designers

01:19:37.707 --> 01:19:39.707
or worked as designers,

01:19:40.580 --> 01:19:42.012
I (date) a designer.

01:19:42.128 --> 01:19:43.357
So you know it – in a way that was

01:19:43.671 --> 01:19:44.864
I was in a way

01:19:45.455 --> 01:19:47.795
at the crossroad of being an engineer

01:19:48.221 --> 01:19:50.017
but understanding what designers do,

01:19:50.060 --> 01:19:51.586
appreciating what they do

01:19:53.487 --> 01:19:54.409
and working with them

01:19:54.473 --> 01:19:56.473
because we need – I need a lot of websites

01:19:56.686 --> 01:19:58.686
in my past career

01:19:58.686 --> 01:20:00.814
so I was working with graphics designers.

01:20:02.859 --> 01:20:04.640
So that's why when I went to (Kiev)

01:20:04.699 --> 01:20:07.967
they interview to go to this school in Ivrea.

01:20:09.107 --> 01:20:11.997
And they try to keep asking this quick questions

01:20:12.167 --> 01:20:14.167
to see if I understood about design

01:20:14.209 --> 01:20:15.925
and I was able to, you know,

01:20:15.994 --> 01:20:17.710
to show that I understood

01:20:17.710 --> 01:20:20.052
enough of design to be there.

01:20:20.505 --> 01:20:22.505
So in a way

01:20:27.277 --> 01:20:29.074
this thing was created

01:20:29.138 --> 01:20:31.621
(at least) at the beginning not for in here

01:20:31.621 --> 01:20:34.521
it was never the idea to create this for engineers.

01:20:34.521 --> 01:20:37.619
It’s always for people that are not engineers.

01:20:37.640 --> 01:20:39.640
The engineers already know how to use it, you know.

01:20:40.413 --> 01:20:41.879
They already know how to do stuffs.

01:20:41.879 --> 01:20:42.591
So they don't need

01:20:43.028 --> 01:20:43.888
they didn't

01:20:44.155 --> 01:20:45.150
they don't need Arduino

01:20:45.186 --> 01:20:45.797
barely use it.

01:20:46.798 --> 01:20:47.777
That's how engineers

01:20:47.777 --> 01:20:49.339
they use Arduino in the closet.

01:20:50.505 --> 01:20:51.813
They don't tell their families,

01:20:51.834 --> 01:20:53.145
they don't tell their friends.

01:20:53.145 --> 01:20:54.836
But then they use it

01:20:55.358 --> 01:20:58.740
because my theory that Arduino helps

01:20:58.777 --> 01:21:00.277
makes beginner

01:21:00.277 --> 01:21:01.659
enables beginners

01:21:02.085 --> 01:21:03.587
and speeds up engineers.

01:21:03.592 --> 01:21:05.592
So I know engineers that they use Arduino

01:21:06.002 --> 01:21:08.002
to kind of sketch something very quickly

01:21:09.030 --> 01:21:11.314
and then they – they revealed in some other tool

01:21:11.314 --> 01:21:13.314
they use for work.

01:21:13.314 --> 01:21:14.475
But Arduino needs to speak.

01:21:15.045 --> 01:21:17.200
So to beginners, it gives you simplicity,

01:21:17.269 --> 01:21:19.269
so professionals give us speed.

01:21:20.574 --> 01:21:21.956
So in a way it was

01:21:22.116 --> 01:21:23.875
that was a real thing, you know like it's

01:21:24.099 --> 01:21:26.099
an embedded development tool

01:21:26.307 --> 01:21:27.829
creating the designs

01:21:29.470 --> 01:21:32.441
by technically a guy that never graduated.

01:21:33.223 --> 01:21:37.027
An engineer was also some of kind of anarchist

01:21:37.143 --> 01:21:39.143
ou know, my friend (David Marquez).

01:21:39.676 --> 01:21:42.750
A guy whose degree is in theater like

01:21:43.496 --> 01:21:44.109
(Sigel)

01:21:44.675 --> 01:21:46.724
with features of the ITP before

01:21:46.724 --> 01:21:48.326
learning about, you know,

01:21:48.343 --> 01:21:49.985
going to Masters at NYU.

01:21:50.148 --> 01:21:52.241
He was doing (lighting in theater).

01:21:53.324 --> 01:21:55.324
So, if not

01:21:55.651 --> 01:21:57.651
there was actually group of random people

01:21:57.651 --> 01:21:59.651
with weird ideas.

01:22:00.143 --> 01:22:01.812
So

01:22:01.893 --> 01:22:04.476
I guess – I don’t know if I answered you question.

01:22:04.476 --> 01:22:06.018
More or less...?

01:22:06.018 --> 01:22:07.640
-No, that's your experience, you know.
-Yeah.

01:22:07.654 --> 01:22:09.166
also I have to say, it seems to be

01:22:09.166 --> 01:22:11.166
the use of the word “marketing”.

01:22:11.551 --> 01:22:13.448
Because there are some cases

01:22:13.501 --> 01:22:14.222
when I have to

01:22:14.222 --> 01:22:16.480
when I deal with some, some north,

01:22:16.480 --> 01:22:17.348
some engineers.

01:22:18.078 --> 01:22:20.153
They consider the word “marketing”

01:22:20.153 --> 01:22:21.463
like some kind of an insult.

01:22:21.659 --> 01:22:22.367
Oh yeah.

01:22:22.549 --> 01:22:23.748
These are all marketing.

01:22:23.768 --> 01:22:26.544
It's like stating “Your mother has questionable moral”

01:22:28.261 --> 01:22:29.191
you know, it's

01:22:30.718 --> 01:22:31.706
while effectively,

01:22:32.294 --> 01:22:35.518
the real problem of everything

01:22:35.518 --> 01:22:37.114
that you create in life,

01:22:37.236 --> 01:22:39.236
you said this, nobody knows

01:22:39.236 --> 01:22:40.321
that you are a genius.

01:22:41.236 --> 01:22:43.054
If you are a genius by yourself

01:22:43.108 --> 01:22:45.603
in your room it doesn't help anybody.

01:22:46.346 --> 01:22:47.429
You will be frustrated,

01:22:47.442 --> 01:22:48.738
because if you think you’re a genius

01:22:48.738 --> 01:22:50.420
and nobody understands what you do

01:22:50.791 --> 01:22:51.469
so you

01:22:51.570 --> 01:22:53.478
so you do something that's useful

01:22:53.513 --> 01:22:54.943
that adds to society.

01:22:55.416 --> 01:22:57.335
It is your duty to spend time,

01:22:57.335 --> 01:22:58.812
explaining to people

01:22:59.880 --> 01:23:00.550
what you do.

01:23:00.989 --> 01:23:02.928
And if people don't understand what you do.

01:23:02.996 --> 01:23:04.996
It's not their fault, it's your fault.

01:23:05.442 --> 01:23:07.977
If few people don't understand what you say

01:23:07.977 --> 01:23:08.522
and what you do.

01:23:08.569 --> 01:23:09.506
It's your fault.

01:23:10.735 --> 01:23:11.474
You can not say,

01:23:11.474 --> 01:23:13.474
“Oh, nobody understands I’m a genius.”

01:23:13.474 --> 01:23:17.347
No, you are a bad communicator.

01:23:17.644 --> 01:23:20.796
Nobody understands what you are to society

01:23:21.175 --> 01:23:23.175
because you don't able to explain.

01:23:23.418 --> 01:23:26.108
And then obviously engineers know that’s not it.

01:23:27.790 --> 01:23:28.851
To me it's about,

01:23:29.040 --> 01:23:30.471
you know, if you have ideas

01:23:30.870 --> 01:23:32.093
they need to be communicated.

01:23:32.093 --> 01:23:35.692
You need to convince people to adopt these ideas.

01:23:36.582 --> 01:23:38.412
That's why sometimes people adopt

01:23:38.731 --> 01:23:40.747
stupid ideas because there are people

01:23:40.747 --> 01:23:42.855
that have very little capability to think

01:23:43.262 --> 01:23:45.262
but they’re really good at selling

01:23:46.106 --> 01:23:47.436
their shitty ideas.

01:23:48.152 --> 01:23:50.317
So we need more intelligent people

01:23:50.317 --> 01:23:53.300
that are also able to sell intelligently,

01:23:53.321 --> 01:23:56.944
otherwise the world will adopt stupid ideas.

01:23:57.887 --> 01:23:58.655
That's the

01:23:58.734 --> 01:23:59.749
Like Arduino.

01:24:01.142 --> 01:24:03.242
Oh, maybe like Arduino, yes.

01:24:04.672 --> 01:24:06.672
You know, other people will do projects

01:24:06.880 --> 01:24:09.451
that challenge the status quo in a certain

01:24:10.130 --> 01:24:12.727
area of human society.

01:24:13.521 --> 01:24:14.682
And people will say

01:24:14.683 --> 01:24:17.481
“Oh, that is stupid. And doesn’t you know,"

01:24:17.662 --> 01:24:18.878
"doesn’t make any sense”.

01:24:18.878 --> 01:24:21.003
So obviously, you have to be prepared,

01:24:21.288 --> 01:24:22.755
you know, I need to get a lot of criticism

01:24:22.910 --> 01:24:25.670
people write me hate emails, you know.

01:24:26.054 --> 01:24:27.165
People email me like

01:24:27.165 --> 01:24:29.974
"Oh, I hope they give our shitty company fails”.

01:24:30.072 --> 01:24:32.072
“I want to see you cry.”

01:24:34.570 --> 01:24:35.714
You know, so

01:24:37.247 --> 01:24:39.621
anyway, thank you.

01:24:39.917 --> 01:24:41.917
Thank you for that.

01:24:45.333 --> 01:24:47.333
Okay, (the thing with Arduino time)

01:24:47.333 --> 01:24:49.333
and I just want to invite anyone

01:24:49.804 --> 01:24:51.804
who would like, you know

01:24:51.804 --> 01:24:54.646
express a form of gratitude

01:24:54.847 --> 01:24:57.555
how Arduino have changed your life.

01:24:57.778 --> 01:24:59.778
And this is – this is important because...