0:00:00.000,0:00:03.711
...that's from Singapore, (really?)

0:00:03.710,0:00:04.273
Yes.

0:00:04.275,0:00:06.057
Wow, very cool.

0:00:06.053,0:00:07.142
Okay. Well,

0:00:07.139,0:00:08.497
thank you for the warm welcome.

0:00:08.497,0:00:10.487
I don't want to talk too much

0:00:10.488,0:00:12.440
because I, you know,

0:00:12.448,0:00:13.793
I don't want to bore you with too much.

0:00:13.794,0:00:15.108
But I want to know a little bit more

0:00:15.109,0:00:16.181
about what you are doing.

0:00:17.873,0:00:19.406
It's very (easy) for me because

0:00:19.399,0:00:20.839
as William mentioned, you know

0:00:20.854,0:00:23.382
one day out of the (blue) he showed up

0:00:23.369,0:00:25.134
in the South of Switzerland

0:00:25.133,0:00:26.170
with the whole family

0:00:27.392,0:00:29.443
to come and attend the workshop

0:00:29.452,0:00:30.472
to learn about Arduino.

0:00:31.287,0:00:33.089
And it was very (interesting) for us

0:00:33.100,0:00:35.410
to see somebody coming from so far away

0:00:35.407,0:00:36.582
to learn this thing.

0:00:37.198,0:00:39.121
And also, I'm very – I'm very impressed

0:00:39.121,0:00:40.593
with the work that - that you have done

0:00:40.593,0:00:43.737
to kind of, you know, rally the makers

0:00:43.766,0:00:44.823
here in Singapore

0:00:44.824,0:00:46.067
and have a space like this.

0:00:46.067,0:00:47.363
And I think

0:00:47.375,0:00:48.549
it's also very interesting

0:00:48.549,0:00:49.741
that you are a teacher

0:00:49.741,0:00:51.632
by training, no?

0:00:53.563,0:00:55.563
And we will be discussing today about

0:00:55.563,0:00:57.881
how it is now important

0:00:57.881,0:00:59.209
to start teaching

0:00:59.209,0:01:00.454
this kind of stuff in school

0:01:00.454,0:01:02.511
because when I started working

0:01:02.511,0:01:03.334
on Arduino,

0:01:03.334,0:01:07.102
I was in a Master's degree for

0:01:07.102,0:01:08.674
– I was teaching in a Master's degree

0:01:08.674,0:01:09.974
for designers,

0:01:10.357,0:01:12.523
specifically Interaction Designers

0:01:12.523,0:01:14.523
so that the prototyping aspect

0:01:14.742,0:01:15.976
is very important.

0:01:16.496,0:01:17.605
And really

0:01:17.593,0:01:19.276
getting a functioning prototype

0:01:19.276,0:01:21.889
was a very important idea.

0:01:22.334,0:01:23.655
And I guess

0:01:23.655,0:01:24.738
when I was doing this,

0:01:24.738,0:01:26.040
it wasn't such

0:01:26.040,0:01:27.044
an obvious thing

0:01:27.044,0:01:29.113
like – like in Italy

0:01:29.113,0:01:29.788
where I come from

0:01:29.788,0:01:31.199
it's very famous for design,

0:01:31.199,0:01:32.550
but they tend

0:01:32.550,0:01:33.059
to do like

0:01:33.059,0:01:35.321
non-really functioning prototypes,

0:01:35.321,0:01:36.265
you know, they

0:01:36.265,0:01:38.001
there is no – there were no designers

0:01:38.001,0:01:39.547
kind of messing with electronics.

0:01:41.917,0:01:42.716
They didn't deal

0:01:42.716,0:01:43.424
with this kind of stuff.

0:01:43.424,0:01:44.667
While it was much more

0:01:44.652,0:01:46.571
of a Northern European idea

0:01:46.571,0:01:48.988
that designers should mess

0:01:49.004,0:01:50.238
with electronics,

0:01:50.238,0:01:51.769
and mechanics,

0:01:51.769,0:01:53.032
and you know, everything.

0:01:53.032,0:01:54.216
You know, they should be dealing -

0:01:54.216,0:01:54.991
kind of interested

0:01:54.995,0:01:56.926
in using these kind of tools.

0:01:56.926,0:01:58.022
And then we

0:01:58.022,0:01:59.283
kind of realized

0:01:59.283,0:02:00.486
that a lot of the tools -

0:02:00.486,0:02:02.432
there is an interesting thing

0:02:02.441,0:02:02.976
that happens

0:02:02.976,0:02:04.441
in the world of technology

0:02:04.442,0:02:05.917
that there is

0:02:05.917,0:02:07.469
a strange resistance

0:02:07.469,0:02:08.380
to make tools

0:02:08.380,0:02:10.380
that simplify the life

0:02:10.380,0:02:11.485
of grown-ups.

0:02:11.485,0:02:12.664
Now if you're trying

0:02:12.664,0:02:14.706
to make a tool for children,

0:02:14.706,0:02:15.339
everybody says,

0:02:15.339,0:02:16.332
“Oh yeah, children.

0:02:16.332,0:02:17.431
We need to make tools

0:02:17.445,0:02:19.281
to teach children how to code.

0:02:19.883,0:02:21.831
Everybody is trying to make robots

0:02:21.845,0:02:23.718
to teach kids how to code.”

0:02:23.777,0:02:24.296
And there’s like

0:02:24.296,0:02:25.668
a thousand of these robots

0:02:25.673,0:02:26.711
and they're all the same,

0:02:27.099,0:02:28.692
because teaching kids is good.

0:02:28.692,0:02:29.910
As soon as you say,

0:02:29.910,0:02:31.996
“I want to make it easier for adults

0:02:31.996,0:02:33.155
to understand about electronics.”

0:02:33.263,0:02:35.907
No. No, because grown ups

0:02:35.922,0:02:37.542
need to learn the right way,

0:02:37.542,0:02:39.060
which normally means

0:02:39.060,0:02:41.122
an incredibly old fashion way

0:02:41.122,0:02:43.269
way of teaching

0:02:43.473,0:02:45.174
that's very theoretical,

0:02:45.269,0:02:48.426
that nobody gets interested in.

0:02:48.755,0:02:49.868
And so it restricts

0:02:49.868,0:02:50.748
the number of people

0:02:50.748,0:02:52.722
that have access to these technologies.

0:02:52.906,0:02:53.962
Well, one of the ideas

0:02:53.962,0:02:57.353
that I was very - interested is -

0:02:57.373,0:02:59.515
to how – how do you create tools

0:02:59.515,0:03:02.243
that enable everyday people

0:03:02.772,0:03:03.680
to try to work

0:03:03.680,0:03:05.680
with electronics creatively.

0:03:06.218,0:03:08.013
There's also obviously

0:03:08.013,0:03:09.934
a bit of a political element to this

0:03:09.934,0:03:11.837
because if there – in the world

0:03:11.837,0:03:12.690
that we're living

0:03:12.690,0:03:14.973
is becoming completely digital.

0:03:14.973,0:03:17.691
You know, everything is digital now.

0:03:17.724,0:03:20.618
You do music with and with computers

0:03:20.627,0:03:22.249
you do cinema with computers,

0:03:22.253,0:03:24.253
we do a lot of things with computers.

0:03:24.253,0:03:24.866
And even like

0:03:24.866,0:03:26.866
the most classic activities are –

0:03:27.378,0:03:29.494
you know, yesterday I was crossing

0:03:29.514,0:03:32.718
border from Malaysia into Singapore

0:03:32.717,0:03:33.863
and we have to carry

0:03:34.279,0:03:35.926
a piece of electronics

0:03:35.926,0:03:37.309
into the country.

0:03:37.309,0:03:38.914
And the people I was with,

0:03:38.914,0:03:40.455
they've checked the customs

0:03:40.467,0:03:41.535
on a mobile phone.

0:03:41.757,0:03:43.121
They had a mobile app

0:03:43.121,0:03:44.234
to clear customs,

0:03:44.505,0:03:45.803
which for me is a “Wow.”

0:03:46.353,0:03:47.044
But l said like

0:03:47.044,0:03:49.044
totally 21st century, you know.

0:03:49.282,0:03:51.078
But if you cross it into the boarder

0:03:51.078,0:03:52.881
even if they pull out the piece of paper

0:03:52.881,0:03:55.114
that was printed in 1912,

0:03:55.383,0:03:56.928
and they have to pull out,

0:03:56.928,0:03:58.635
they stamp it notes,

0:03:58.635,0:03:59.645
you crossed the border

0:03:59.645,0:04:00.636
like you crossed the border

0:04:00.636,0:04:02.636
a hundred years before, you know.

0:04:02.636,0:04:04.294
So it's kind of – I said, “Wow.

0:04:04.294,0:04:05.735
This place is really, you know,

0:04:05.744,0:04:07.205
in the next century.”

0:04:10.042,0:04:11.146
I mean we are technically

0:04:11.163,0:04:12.268
in the 21st century,

0:04:12.308,0:04:13.882
but a lot of countries are still stucked

0:04:13.882,0:04:14.994
in the 20th century.

0:04:14.994,0:04:16.853
They haven't made the transition yet.

0:04:16.914,0:04:18.034
And so what I'm saying is that

0:04:18.034,0:04:19.291
if the world where we're living

0:04:19.300,0:04:21.300
everything is digital,

0:04:21.462,0:04:23.401
then who designs

0:04:23.401,0:04:25.270
the technology that we use?

0:04:26.380,0:04:28.380
Change is also the way that we live.

0:04:28.380,0:04:30.623
And so, if the number of people

0:04:30.623,0:04:33.207
who are participating in innovating,

0:04:33.308,0:04:35.155
in inventing things

0:04:35.185,0:04:37.295
is limited to a smaller

0:04:37.446,0:04:39.365
set of the population,

0:04:39.527,0:04:40.146
then it means that

0:04:40.154,0:04:41.571
a smaller group of people

0:04:41.571,0:04:45.051
decides how we live our digital life.

0:04:45.071,0:04:46.429
And since our digital life

0:04:46.429,0:04:48.429
and the real life is becoming,

0:04:48.429,0:04:51.305
you know, very- one thing,

0:04:51.598,0:04:52.700
then basically they decide

0:04:52.710,0:04:54.282
how we live our lives.

0:04:54.282,0:04:55.493
So clearly we need

0:04:55.493,0:04:57.462
a lot more people that are involved

0:04:57.462,0:04:59.512
in using technology creatively.

0:05:00.189,0:05:01.671
We need to teach –

0:05:01.653,0:05:03.301
we need to explain to people that

0:05:03.318,0:05:04.489
if you used electronic

0:05:04.501,0:05:05.749
as a creative tool,

0:05:05.749,0:05:06.355
it's not that you're

0:05:06.363,0:05:07.502
becoming an engineer,

0:05:07.502,0:05:09.105
it's a different thing, you know.

0:05:09.351,0:05:10.637
Being an engineer really requires

0:05:10.637,0:05:12.556
a little bit more training and

0:05:12.606,0:05:15.103
but inventing and doing creative work

0:05:15.103,0:05:16.637
with electronics doesn't require you

0:05:16.637,0:05:18.091
to do five years of

0:05:18.515,0:05:20.727
or three years of, you know, university.

0:05:20.727,0:05:23.728
You can learn something

0:05:23.728,0:05:25.435
without that kind of

0:05:25.597,0:05:26.718
you can build something

0:05:26.736,0:05:28.646
with less knowledge

0:05:28.646,0:05:29.323
with just enough

0:05:29.323,0:05:30.666
what you do invent something

0:05:30.666,0:05:31.443
to have ideas.

0:05:31.443,0:05:32.709
Also because a lot of the things

0:05:32.709,0:05:34.709
that I noticed is that

0:05:36.001,0:05:37.089
if you take a farmer

0:05:37.089,0:05:39.088
and the farmer explains his problems

0:05:39.089,0:05:39.852
to an engineer,

0:05:39.852,0:05:41.212
the engineer won't make something

0:05:41.221,0:05:42.273
that kind of works, you know,

0:05:42.273,0:05:43.479
because they'll be obviously smart,

0:05:43.479,0:05:44.517
very intelligent already.

0:05:44.517,0:05:45.213
But it will never be

0:05:45.213,0:05:46.211
the same as in the

0:05:46.211,0:05:47.651
as a farmer that comes up

0:05:47.697,0:05:49.697
with an idea because they understand

0:05:50.355,0:05:51.588
what it means to be a farmer

0:05:51.588,0:05:52.710
and they understand how to use

0:05:52.708,0:05:54.285
the technology to fix that.

0:05:54.532,0:05:57.621
And this applies to doctors for example.

0:05:57.624,0:05:59.108
So today I've met your

0:05:59.108,0:06:00.354
the Minister of

0:06:01.399,0:06:03.692
or the Foreign Affairs of Singapore,

0:06:04.044,0:06:05.420
and I was so shocked

0:06:05.743,0:06:07.708
because he's an Arduino user,

0:06:08.342,0:06:10.094
he knew everything about Arduino.

0:06:10.094,0:06:11.717
He was making a very difficult

0:06:11.776,0:06:13.564
technical questions about this.

0:06:13.646,0:06:15.433
I gave him as this WiFi board

0:06:15.515,0:06:17.211
as a present and we were like

0:06:17.211,0:06:19.541
we were debating like encryption keys

0:06:19.553,0:06:21.859
and power consumption and like

0:06:22.822,0:06:24.261
and I thought he was an engineer

0:06:24.261,0:06:26.261
and then I realized he's an eye doctor.

0:06:27.600,0:06:28.640
But then the neat idea is

0:06:28.637,0:06:29.500
if an eye doctor

0:06:29.498,0:06:31.161
understands technologies like

0:06:31.161,0:06:33.161
Arduino so well,

0:06:33.344,0:06:34.773
imagine what kind of innovation

0:06:34.764,0:06:36.332
he can bring to the world

0:06:36.332,0:06:38.034
of his profession of

0:06:38.035,0:06:39.424
being an eye doctor.

0:06:39.431,0:06:42.009
Then somebody else would

0:06:42.009,0:06:42.843
never be able to do.

0:06:42.843,0:06:44.843
So that's why I think that

0:06:45.633,0:06:47.838
making tools that make life simple

0:06:47.894,0:06:50.345
to people is something that

0:06:50.617,0:06:53.485
is very important

0:06:53.581,0:06:55.581
to really enable people to innovate.

0:06:55.581,0:06:56.761
And also I think

0:06:56.761,0:06:59.475
it's the work that we do as makers

0:06:59.496,0:07:01.077
doesn't stop at the

0:07:01.049,0:07:02.552
electronics or the software.

0:07:02.552,0:07:03.600
There's a lot of other things

0:07:03.600,0:07:04.662
that we do that are not

0:07:04.670,0:07:05.940
about electronics and software

0:07:05.940,0:07:07.490
that kind of enable people.

0:07:07.668,0:07:08.309
Like for example,

0:07:08.307,0:07:10.307
I used to go to the Maker Faire in the US.

0:07:11.536,0:07:13.787
And although there were like 100,000 people

0:07:13.789,0:07:15.168
at the Maker Faire in California,

0:07:15.168,0:07:16.696
I was kind of like, you know,

0:07:16.909,0:07:18.457
I was a privileged person

0:07:18.457,0:07:21.193
because my company paid for me to go to California

0:07:21.202,0:07:23.425
and there's a lot of people that would like to go

0:07:23.408,0:07:27.197
and see the Maker Faire in California,

0:07:27.197,0:07:28.993
but they don't have the money to go.

0:07:28.993,0:07:30.787
So, and I thought I need bring this

0:07:30.787,0:07:32.045
Maker Faire to Europe

0:07:32.045,0:07:33.602
but not just a mini-Maker Faire,

0:07:33.602,0:07:35.422
I need to bring the Maker Faire to Europe

0:07:35.422,0:07:37.139
that's like big and –

0:07:37.139,0:07:40.496
so I worked with a bunch of people

0:07:40.496,0:07:42.936
that enabled me to bring

0:07:42.936,0:07:45.856
the Maker Faire to Rome in Italy

0:07:45.856,0:07:47.544
and we've decided to organize

0:07:47.544,0:07:49.136
as a European Maker Faire.

0:07:49.136,0:07:52.628
And so this year we have 100,000 people

0:07:52.628,0:07:54.946
coming to see the Faire from all over Europe

0:07:54.946,0:07:56.721
but also people from China and India

0:07:56.721,0:07:58.892
came to see the Maker Faire in Rome.

0:07:59.130,0:08:02.460
And then we have 600 makers from 31 countries.

0:08:03.276,0:08:05.309
And even that does – doesn't have anything

0:08:05.298,0:08:06.926
to do with electronics,

0:08:07.311,0:08:08.869
I think it's also important

0:08:08.914,0:08:11.298
to create these occasions for people to meet,

0:08:11.309,0:08:13.796
to understand what they're doing, to exchange.

0:08:13.796,0:08:16.923
So this Maker Faire, which now is like -

0:08:17.444,0:08:19.444
was the third edition in Rome

0:08:19.614,0:08:21.398
already enable the bunch of people

0:08:21.398,0:08:23.636
to transform their ideas into companies.

0:08:23.965,0:08:24.865
So there was some kids

0:08:24.865,0:08:26.133
that showed up the first year

0:08:26.133,0:08:28.269
with like a prototype of a 3D printer.

0:08:28.518,0:08:30.281
And now they are one of the most

0:08:30.281,0:08:32.746
established 3D printer companies in Europe.

0:08:33.063,0:08:34.339
And so there was a lot of these things

0:08:34.339,0:08:35.253
that we saw happened.

0:08:35.253,0:08:37.852
So sometimes it's not about just the technology,

0:08:38.067,0:08:40.197
but it's also to create

0:08:40.434,0:08:43.309
events, places, situation, you know,

0:08:43.309,0:08:44.409
William was mentioning that

0:08:44.409,0:08:47.176
we created the first FabLab in Italy.

0:08:47.527,0:08:48.600
Because you know, I was

0:08:48.600,0:08:50.510
I went to the MIT a number of times

0:08:50.589,0:08:52.589
so I saw the first FabLab.

0:08:52.589,0:08:54.679
And then one day,

0:08:54.691,0:08:58.829
we were looking at the some of the government

0:08:58.829,0:09:00.016
to make it short story

0:09:00.016,0:09:02.016
asked me to organize something

0:09:02.224,0:09:05.092
for a specific event and that would be in Italy.

0:09:05.377,0:09:05.974
And it was supposed

0:09:05.974,0:09:07.746
to be something about the future of work.

0:09:08.121,0:09:10.711
So the Italian way to do this would have be

0:09:10.710,0:09:12.349
to take money from the government,

0:09:12.638,0:09:14.349
put some panels on the wall

0:09:14.349,0:09:15.388
and just put the money

0:09:15.386,0:09:17.164
in my pocket and walk away.

0:09:17.164,0:09:18.116
And then I said,

0:09:18.116,0:09:19.460
“No, that's not going to be it.

0:09:19.460,0:09:20.748
I'm not making an exhibition

0:09:20.748,0:09:21.774
about the future work,

0:09:21.774,0:09:24.548
which is a panels printed on the wall

0:09:24.548,0:09:25.524
like kids and again,

0:09:25.524,0:09:27.166
18, 20, you know.”

0:09:27.166,0:09:28.885
So let's try – so we've said,

0:09:28.885,0:09:31.244
“Let's first organize our work in FabLab.”

0:09:31.244,0:09:33.036
And we realized that

0:09:33.036,0:09:34.755
there were FabLabs here everywhere

0:09:34.755,0:09:36.338
including Afghanistan.

0:09:36.543,0:09:38.284
But there was no FabLab in Italy.

0:09:38.284,0:09:41.509
So I used the money for this exhibition

0:09:41.509,0:09:44.800
to create the first FabLab in Italy.

0:09:44.800,0:09:45.884
So in a week, you know,

0:09:45.884,0:09:48.007
creating the spaces, creating these events,

0:09:48.007,0:09:51.569
creating this opportunities is as important

0:09:51.569,0:09:53.569
as working on the technology.

0:09:53.569,0:09:54.736
So, you know,

0:09:54.736,0:09:56.736
as makers we kind of have this.

0:09:57.164,0:09:58.868
We make stuff

0:09:58.868,0:10:00.565
but we also kind of work with people

0:10:00.565,0:10:02.729
and help them, you know,

0:10:02.736,0:10:04.736
learn, you know,

0:10:04.736,0:10:07.017
make us learn from each other a lot.

0:10:07.129,0:10:09.129
So in a way,

0:10:09.129,0:10:11.273
you make stuff but you also have a mission,

0:10:11.273,0:10:15.603
to help other people and, you know, and it becomes

0:10:15.603,0:10:17.458
as so I think it's, you know, what we do

0:10:17.458,0:10:19.700
is can have impact, you know,

0:10:19.700,0:10:22.485
I've met a lot of makers in these years

0:10:22.485,0:10:25.302
I've been working on Arduino

0:10:25.302,0:10:28.813
and I have met people who have built medical devices

0:10:28.813,0:10:31.548
that solve, you know, farmers

0:10:31.548,0:10:34.584
– to solve problems for farmers in South America.

0:10:34.584,0:10:36.462
So there was a bunch of people that actually used this

0:10:36.462,0:10:40.783
technology to effectively, positively impact people's life

0:10:40.783,0:10:42.826
and I think this is possible.

0:10:42.826,0:10:45.174
If you call yourself a maker,

0:10:45.174,0:10:49.103
you kind of have to think that part of your

0:10:49.103,0:10:52.727
“job description” is to help other people in a way,

0:10:52.727,0:10:55.609
you know, with your knowledge or, you know,

0:10:55.593,0:10:58.336
by making by simpler or, you know,

0:10:58.336,0:11:01.188
organizing an event, organizing a space like this one

0:11:01.188,0:11:03.007
and stuff like that.

0:11:03.007,0:11:05.092
So this is kind of what, you know,

0:11:05.092,0:11:10.161
I like - of what happened when we worked on a tool

0:11:10.161,0:11:11.948
that was supposed to help the life of

0:11:11.948,0:11:18.048
physically 25 people because in the schools

0:11:18.048,0:11:22.371
where I teach the classes have 20 people – 25 people.

0:11:22.371,0:11:25.317
So we built the school 25 people and now

0:11:25.317,0:11:30.117
it has – funny enough, there's 25 million people,

0:11:30.117,0:11:34.237
visit the Arduino website at least once in a year,

0:11:34.237,0:11:38.079
which is kind of a multiply – they're multiplying

0:11:38.079,0:11:39.701
the effects that we create, you know.

0:11:39.701,0:11:42.656
There was imagined for – to help 25 people

0:11:42.656,0:11:45.643
and it's like 25 million people are kind of find

0:11:45.643,0:11:48.557
to figure out what are these or they're using these.

0:11:48.557,0:11:51.524
So I'm obviously, I'm super surprised about

0:11:51.524,0:11:56.486
what happened and it's kind of, I never thought

0:11:56.486,0:12:00.360
it was going to be this big, but, you know, I'm glad.

0:12:00.360,0:12:02.477
But I'm more also - to see those who are learning

0:12:02.477,0:12:04.958
about what you are doing and, you know,

0:12:04.958,0:12:07.431
how you will use this kind of tools of high,

0:12:07.431,0:12:09.658
you know, what it needs for you to be a maker,

0:12:09.658,0:12:11.208
what do you make?

0:12:11.208,0:12:15.891
And so, are you all Arduino users here?

0:12:15.891,0:12:19.392
Raise your hands so I can (looked).

0:12:19.392,0:12:21.567
Okay, that's very good. That's very good.

0:12:21.567,0:12:25.146
Do you know how – how many users

0:12:25.127,0:12:28.448
how many at home fix the user?

0:12:28.448,0:12:30.448
It's very difficult to estimate.

0:12:30.448,0:12:32.448
Actually yes. So from – I think

0:12:32.448,0:12:35.786
so what I meant is if you can – if you want to ask me

0:12:35.786,0:12:39.291
question, that's better to listen to your questions

0:12:39.291,0:12:41.257
than kind of talking to you is like a very – this

0:12:41.257,0:12:43.257
going on, and on, and on, and on.

0:12:43.257,0:12:45.557
So I'm more (interested) in what you have to say.

0:12:45.557,0:12:48.550
Now and then, the number of users that are probably

0:12:48.550,0:12:50.550
in community is very difficult to estimate

0:12:50.550,0:12:52.550
because obviously, you know, Raspberry Pi

0:12:52.550,0:12:54.550
has an easy job, therefore

0:12:54.550,0:12:56.550
they don't – they're the only one making this so they

0:12:56.550,0:12:58.550
know exactly how many there are.

0:12:58.550,0:13:00.689
But Arduino is kind of open-source,

0:13:00.689,0:13:03.485
so everybody is, you know,

0:13:03.485,0:13:05.485
either making their own ‘duinos or

0:13:05.485,0:13:08.835
buy the Arduinos for China or

0:13:08.835,0:13:10.835
something like that.

0:13:13.708,0:13:19.240
That's okay. But you know, it's open-source hardware,

0:13:19.240,0:13:21.240
as long as you don't call it Arduino, you can

0:13:21.240,0:13:23.240
do whatever you want.

0:13:23.240,0:13:26.731
So the – what can I say is that.

0:13:26.731,0:13:32.021
October 2015 or October 2016,

0:13:32.021,0:13:35.121
25 million people made at least

0:13:35.121,0:13:37.121
one visit to the Arduino website.

0:13:38.937,0:13:41.188
There was – then obviously,

0:13:41.188,0:13:43.188
this means there was somebody that showed up,

0:13:43.188,0:13:45.800
looked at the homepage and said “What is this bullshit?”

0:13:45.800,0:13:47.080
then scroll the browser.

0:13:47.080,0:13:50.645
And then people will spend maybe an hour.

0:13:50.645,0:13:52.645
The average visit duration on the

0:13:52.645,0:13:54.645
Arduino website is six minutes,

0:13:54.645,0:13:56.645
which for a website is a lot of time.

0:13:56.645,0:13:58.645
Because it means that if somebody

0:13:58.645,0:14:00.784
open the page and click this. So one second.

0:14:00.784,0:14:02.784
And somebody spent the whole afternoon

0:14:02.784,0:14:04.912
browsing through all the documentation,

0:14:04.912,0:14:06.912
like “Oh my god. What is this, you know.”

0:14:06.912,0:14:08.912
So there's a interesting,

0:14:08.912,0:14:10.912
you know, it means there is –

0:14:10.912,0:14:13.097
that the website is a tool that you use

0:14:13.097,0:14:16.118
to learn, to communicate to the forum,

0:14:16.118,0:14:22.179
has now many million messages posted on it.

0:14:22.179,0:14:24.713
And it's available in several different languages.

0:14:24.713,0:14:26.713
So most of the other thing that I

0:14:26.713,0:14:30.271
visit from – I think in the last year

0:14:30.271,0:14:33.812
that IDE was downloaded 11 million times.

0:14:34.192,0:14:36.982
But that's not a good indication

0:14:36.982,0:14:38.982
because the statistic say that

0:14:38.982,0:14:42.077
there is very few people connecting from China,

0:14:42.077,0:14:45.317
which is strange because when I go to China,

0:14:45.317,0:14:46.992
everybody is doing Arduino.

0:14:46.992,0:14:51.349
Then I realized is that

0:14:51.349,0:14:54.414
(inaudible) some Chinese Arduino communities

0:14:54.414,0:14:56.801
has sort of created their own Arduino website.

0:14:57.856,0:14:59.960
And so I guess a number of

0:14:59.960,0:15:01.960
people download the software

0:15:01.960,0:15:03.960
from a Chinese server that doesn't

0:15:03.960,0:15:05.253
go through our server.

0:15:05.253,0:15:09.715
So, we don't know exactly how many people

0:15:09.715,0:15:11.715
– it is interesting to see that in the first

0:15:11.715,0:15:14.669
week that we release a new version of the IDE.

0:15:14.669,0:15:18.992
We had maybe 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 downloads.

0:15:18.992,0:15:22.771
maybe about - sorry 1,700,000 in

0:15:22.771,0:15:24.771
the first like three to four days.

0:15:24.771,0:15:27.149
And this to me indicates what's kind of

0:15:27.149,0:15:29.149
a hardcore part of the community

0:15:29.149,0:15:31.149
is what we want for some million

0:15:31.149,0:15:33.149
people who are kind of using it,

0:15:33.149,0:15:35.149
you know, it's their main tool.

0:15:36.627,0:15:37.744
Then you'll never know,

0:15:37.744,0:15:39.744
because there are number of people who are still

0:15:39.773,0:15:43.958
stuck at Arduino 1.0.6

0:15:43.958,0:15:45.958
And they don't want to update,

0:15:47.330,0:15:50.518
which is kind of weird, you know, because it's

0:15:50.518,0:15:53.157
I don't know. It’s like you, you are – I don't know.

0:15:53.157,0:15:55.157
It's like those people who use

0:15:55.157,0:15:58.069
Word1.0 to write documents.

0:15:58.069,0:15:58.796
And they're like,

0:15:58.796,0:16:01.417
“Oh, I'm never upgrading. This is fantastic.”

0:16:01.417,0:16:03.908
Yeah like the romantic one. The romantic one.

0:16:03.908,0:16:07.154
Yeah, also they're crazy also.

0:16:07.154,0:16:09.450
Do you know the guy that writes Game of Thrones?

0:16:09.450,0:16:11.450
He writes everything on an

0:16:11.450,0:16:14.522
old 1980s computer

0:16:14.522,0:16:17.599
that's running probably maybe MS-DOS.

0:16:17.599,0:16:21.012
And everything is written on five inch floppy disks.

0:16:23.006,0:16:25.190
Like, you know, if one of those floppy disks

0:16:25.190,0:16:27.045
goes bad, you'll lose the whole

0:16:27.045,0:16:29.463
season of Game of Thrones, no?

0:16:29.463,0:16:31.049
Which I don't watch. So I don't care.

0:16:31.049,0:16:33.049
Perhaps maybe – maybe, you know,

0:16:33.049,0:16:35.049
maybe you're into that stuff

0:16:35.049,0:16:37.049
and you know and so your

0:16:37.049,0:16:39.565
future seasons of Game of Thrones are in

0:16:41.565,0:16:43.565
the hands of a five-inch floppy disk.

0:16:43.565,0:16:44.762
So some people are stuck in this

0:16:44.762,0:16:48.085
1.0.6 like World and like, okay.

0:16:49.474,0:16:51.109
So it's kind of a (they that simple).

0:16:51.109,0:16:51.606
Yes?

0:16:51.606,0:16:53.606
Just – I'm not a user yet.

0:16:53.606,0:16:56.012
I'm still waiting for – shipping the product.

0:16:56.012,0:16:56.746
Okay.

0:16:57.449,0:17:00.271
But I just noticed when I was

0:17:00.271,0:17:02.433
looking around for things like that or,

0:17:02.433,0:17:03.474
you know, that there are many other

0:17:03.474,0:17:05.766
– company is now trying to sort of

0:17:05.766,0:17:07.066
mimic what you’ve done.

0:17:07.066,0:17:07.461
Yes.

0:17:07.461,0:17:09.461
So I noticed Intel is coming out

0:17:09.461,0:17:10.540
with 4.12. [br]Mm hmm.

0:17:10.540,0:17:12.193
What was your claim on that?

0:17:12.193,0:17:15.689
How do you see that impact or impact it more?

0:17:15.689,0:17:17.723
Well, the example of

0:17:17.723,0:17:19.463
– the Intel is a good example because

0:17:19.463,0:17:21.463
Intel is one of the very few

0:17:21.463,0:17:23.612
– a very, very few companies

0:17:23.612,0:17:24.279
who's said,

0:17:24.279,0:17:26.073
“We want to do something that's Arduino

0:17:26.073,0:17:28.073
compatible, so we're not going to be

0:17:28.073,0:17:29.382
“bad” people.

0:17:29.382,0:17:31.382
We're going to talk to you and work with you.”

0:17:31.382,0:17:31.674
Okay.

0:17:31.674,0:17:33.121
So they have that – Intel is

0:17:33.121,0:17:35.121
probably the company that's been

0:17:35.121,0:17:37.759
the most supportive and cooperative

0:17:37.759,0:17:39.759
and works with us officially

0:17:39.753,0:17:44.372
along with Samsung and Microsoft.

0:17:44.577,0:17:47.565
So, they're really going to work with us officially.

0:17:47.764,0:17:49.192
And then obviously it's open-source.

0:17:49.192,0:17:51.192
So anybody can just, you know,

0:17:52.339,0:17:53.334
use what we do.

0:17:53.334,0:17:55.334
And obviously it's sort of

0:17:55.334,0:17:57.334
becomes some kind of a standard.

0:17:57.334,0:17:59.334
So now even Boards that's got

0:17:59.334,0:18:01.334
nothing to do with Arduino,

0:18:01.334,0:18:03.725
they adopt the Arduino connectors.

0:18:03.725,0:18:05.725
So there was a company that made a

0:18:05.725,0:18:07.725
board that was called a “pcDuino”.

0:18:08.318,0:18:09.290
It wasn't running

0:18:09.290,0:18:11.290
- it wasn't running Arduino,

0:18:11.290,0:18:13.290
but it had these – with the Arduino connectors

0:18:13.290,0:18:15.027
because some people thought that they could

0:18:15.027,0:18:17.027
program (it in) Arduino and then I'm like,

0:18:17.027,0:18:19.027
“This is a Linux machine.”

0:18:19.026,0:18:21.998
Yeah. So it's –

0:18:24.900,0:18:26.900
although the Arduino name is

0:18:26.900,0:18:28.900
trademarked, the problem is that if you want

0:18:28.900,0:18:30.900
to really protect the trademark, you have to

0:18:30.900,0:18:33.696
spend a huge amount of money.

0:18:33.952,0:18:35.017
So,

0:18:35.357,0:18:36.540
we don't

0:18:36.830,0:18:38.830
want to spend our time protecting

0:18:38.830,0:18:39.765
trademarks.

0:18:41.403,0:18:41.862
Yes?

0:18:41.862,0:18:42.855
And then you.

0:18:42.855,0:18:44.855
Where did the name Arduino come from?

0:18:45.726,0:18:47.349
Okay. That's very interesting.

0:18:47.349,0:18:48.143
So the –

0:18:48.143,0:18:50.143
so basically, we came up

0:18:50.143,0:18:52.143
with Arduino a while, while –

0:18:52.143,0:18:53.300
I was working in this town

0:18:53.300,0:18:55.300
in the Northwest of Italy called the Ivrea.

0:18:55.735,0:18:56.601
And

0:18:56.983,0:18:58.601
in the year of 1000,

0:18:58.805,0:19:00.422
there was a guy named Arduino

0:19:00.422,0:19:02.422
that was born Ivrea

0:19:02.422,0:19:04.903
and he became the first king of Italy.

0:19:04.903,0:19:06.903
Obviously, he wasn't really the king of Italy

0:19:06.903,0:19:08.903
because back then nobody even knew

0:19:08.903,0:19:10.903
what was going on at the other side of Italy

0:19:10.903,0:19:12.903
because there was no internet so.

0:19:13.645,0:19:17.397
So, he’s kind of self-proclaimed king of Italy.

0:19:17.397,0:19:19.308
And then so the people of Imperia call

0:19:19.308,0:19:20.384
Arduino everything.

0:19:20.384,0:19:21.907
There is the Arduino Street,

0:19:21.936,0:19:22.894
the Arduino Square,

0:19:22.894,0:19:24.894
the Arduino Crane Company,

0:19:24.952,0:19:27.658
the Arduino Sports Car,

0:19:27.658,0:19:29.658
and there is also the Arduino bar.

0:19:29.658,0:19:32.211
So that's where I used to go get drinks.

0:19:34.969,0:19:36.969
I was like, when we have to find the name

0:19:36.969,0:19:37.932
for this thing I say,

0:19:37.932,0:19:41.311
“Yeah well, let's call it Arduino like the bar.”

0:19:41.311,0:19:43.311
And then, you know, later on we'll see how

0:19:45.865,0:19:47.865
– and later on, you know,

0:19:47.865,0:19:50.596
that was March 17, 2005

0:19:51.481,0:19:52.596
and then still

0:19:53.743,0:19:54.154
still

0:19:54.154,0:19:54.835
it's been called that.

0:19:57.737,0:19:58.690
Oh, yes, sorry.

0:19:59.978,0:20:02.295
I have two kids aged five and seven.

0:20:02.317,0:20:02.906
Okay.

0:20:02.884,0:20:05.880
And we watch on Ted Talk two or three years ago.

0:20:05.936,0:20:08.703
-Mm hmm.[br]-And somebody ask doing the Ted Talk like

0:20:08.773,0:20:10.773
Can you give us some few fun projects?

0:20:10.899,0:20:13.104
And you mentioned a few back then

0:20:13.104,0:20:16.345
I remember that was somebody

0:20:16.358,0:20:19.733
had programmed the Arduino to make (inaudible).

0:20:19.811,0:20:20.350
Yeah.

0:20:20.307,0:20:22.470
And the kids love it.

0:20:22.385,0:20:23.839
And like since then

0:20:23.841,0:20:26.400
I don't know what else has been happening.

0:20:26.461,0:20:29.073
Can you think of anything that might be fun

0:20:29.112,0:20:32.402
-for the kids to look at that I can...[br]-Wow.

0:20:32.409,0:20:33.228
…Google afterwards?

0:20:33.508,0:20:37.739
-Like anything about pets and animals, and all these things.[br]-Yeah.

0:20:37.647,0:20:39.517
One of the exempt was the (sound) detector

0:20:39.519,0:20:42.088
if somebody who made the chair that tweets...

0:20:42.050,0:20:44.049
-When you fart.[br]-Yeah.

0:20:44.049,0:20:47.289
That was an interesting project.

0:20:47.289,0:20:49.676
My son is five and my daughter is seven.

0:20:49.676,0:20:52.505
And they were the – make Arduino.

0:20:52.467,0:20:55.633
And like they (bare way of a great work things) to this lab.

0:20:55.633,0:20:56.640
Okay.

0:20:56.640,0:20:58.640
We were all playing around with little things.

0:20:58.640,0:21:00.294
-Mm hmm.[br]-But I'm not

0:21:00.294,0:21:01.951
I'm not a creative person.

0:21:01.951,0:21:03.913
If you can suggest a few fun projects

0:21:03.913,0:21:07.065
-And it would be (inaudible).[br]-You know, I just figure what could be a good idea.

0:21:07.065,0:21:08.804
Well actually

0:21:08.803,0:21:10.862
I mean, because it have to be strictly Arduino.

0:21:10.862,0:21:13.693
But for example, if you look at “Little Bits”.

0:21:13.693,0:21:15.809
They have raised this kit called “Little Bits.”

0:21:15.809,0:21:17.343
But they have electronic components

0:21:17.343,0:21:19.398
that you can snap together magnetically

0:21:19.510,0:21:21.455
They're designed for kids

0:21:21.454,0:21:24.135
and you can build some fun projects with it

0:21:24.135,0:21:26.645
and you don't need to do any programming or anything.

0:21:26.589,0:21:29.439
So, that's where – a good way to get kids started.

0:21:29.439,0:21:31.784
-(Little Bit junior). So like...

0:21:31.741,0:21:33.289
-they (have) a way of concept[br]-Yeah.

0:21:33.233,0:21:36.535
-but I need to like create some concrete examples[br]-Okay.

0:21:36.486,0:21:38.592
-of what can be done.[br]-Yeah.

0:21:38.592,0:21:41.791
-And I'm running out of examples for...[br]-Yeah. (I’m trying to understand).

0:21:41.791,0:21:45.655
Because normally somebody who's like seven is just

0:21:45.655,0:21:48.756
on the edge of being able to use Arduino.

0:21:48.756,0:21:50.526
Because, you know, using Arduino

0:21:50.526,0:21:53.822
requires you to understand written text.

0:21:53.878,0:21:55.535
And so normally

0:21:55.535,0:21:59.440
young kids don't – they're not necessarily

0:21:59.440,0:22:01.989
they don't understand written text

0:22:01.987,0:22:04.751
until they are probably, you know, seven years old

0:22:04.751,0:22:06.751
six or seven years old.

0:22:06.751,0:22:09.803
And so, I'm going to

0:22:09.803,0:22:13.372
at the moment I could have a very good idea.

0:22:13.372,0:22:15.372
One of the things that we

0:22:15.372,0:22:20.477
we've done now is that we made this board

0:22:20.592,0:22:22.707
and with Intel that is called the Arduino 101.

0:22:22.595,0:22:24.948
And kind of looks like that basic Arduino

0:22:24.948,0:22:28.098
but the processor is much more intelligent.

0:22:28.154,0:22:30.494
So a couple things it has is that

0:22:30.438,0:22:32.438
it has a motion sensor.

0:22:32.438,0:22:34.042
So, if you move around the board

0:22:34.042,0:22:37.464
it detects movement and it also has bluetooth low energy

0:22:37.464,0:22:39.405
So there is this guy the in the US

0:22:39.405,0:22:43.112
who wrote a software that turns all the movements you do

0:22:43.112,0:22:45.227
in the port into midi notes.

0:22:45.227,0:22:46.771
So if you have a computer

0:22:46.771,0:22:48.771
you can connect the Arduino to the computer

0:22:48.771,0:22:50.569
as a midi controller.

0:22:50.569,0:22:53.256
And so as you shake it in different ways

0:22:53.256,0:22:55.256
it make sounds.

0:22:55.217,0:22:59.550
So, we did a workshop for those ones

0:22:59.550,0:23:02.273
with that one and it was very funny because

0:23:02.235,0:23:06.390
by making modification to an existing code

0:23:06.389,0:23:08.185
that you could find online

0:23:08.263,0:23:11.647
then kids could just, you know, make different sounds.

0:23:11.645,0:23:13.218
And also on the computer

0:23:13.218,0:23:15.218
if you have a – do you have a MAC or...

0:23:15.218,0:23:16.707
If you have a MAC

0:23:16.707,0:23:19.109
you just need (Datatrend) which is free on the MAC.

0:23:19.109,0:23:21.513
-This is all good.[br]-And essentially, you can associate that

0:23:21.522,0:23:23.788
to a specific musical instrument.

0:23:23.788,0:23:25.305
And then you basically play

0:23:25.305,0:23:27.344
by shaking, moving and, you know...

0:23:27.344,0:23:29.205
-It would be good for Christmas actually.[br]-It's...

0:23:29.205,0:23:31.478
-That's a great idea.[br]-kind of like cute application

0:23:31.478,0:23:34.788
that doesn't require you to actually deal any circuit.

0:23:34.788,0:23:37.465
And so, that one was a –

0:23:37.465,0:23:40.426
I use that in a workshop with the notes

0:23:40.426,0:23:43.462
And, you know, and they loved it

0:23:43.462,0:23:45.145
because it's just simple concept.

0:23:45.187,0:23:47.462
You have an existing software

0:23:47.462,0:23:49.268
you just make a few modifications

0:23:49.268,0:23:51.349
and you get different variations of these

0:23:51.349,0:23:54.107
and I think that's kind of funny.

0:23:54.107,0:23:57.039
I think everything that kind of makes sounds and music

0:23:57.039,0:23:58.687
tends to work.

0:23:58.687,0:23:59.585
Somebody years ago

0:23:59.585,0:24:02.805
build like an electronic drum set using Arduino

0:24:02.805,0:24:05.431
Again, they use like old CDs

0:24:05.431,0:24:09.440
and they glued this very simple sensor

0:24:09.441,0:24:11.712
(these piezo) sensors to that CD.

0:24:11.712,0:24:13.041
Then the Arduino

0:24:13.158,0:24:17.192
that's when you hit that particular old CD

0:24:17.192,0:24:19.269
and send a signal to the computer

0:24:19.348,0:24:23.165
which turns it into notes and plays the music.

0:24:23.165,0:24:26.303
And demonstration video was like, you know

0:24:26.303,0:24:28.303
looks like a one year old kid

0:24:28.264,0:24:30.496
with a drumstick going [drum sound]

0:24:30.615,0:24:32.500
and he totally love it.

0:24:32.500,0:24:34.784
It was – but the construction is simple

0:24:34.786,0:24:38.423
because you recycle old CDs, old mouse pads

0:24:38.384,0:24:40.424
or something and you build it

0:24:40.502,0:24:41.855
and becomes a drum set.

0:24:41.875,0:24:42.882
So, this kind of stuff

0:24:42.882,0:24:47.604
you can find online as projects to build, you know.

0:24:47.604,0:24:49.604
Another thing that I would recommend

0:24:49.604,0:24:52.037
is that there is a company in London

0:24:52.076,0:24:56.116
that sells those online called “Technology Will Save Us”.

0:24:56.116,0:24:57.029
And it started by

0:24:57.029,0:24:59.595
these friends of mine were very, very nice

0:24:59.595,0:25:01.248
very intelligent people

0:25:01.326,0:25:04.919
and they make a few kits for kids.

0:25:04.919,0:25:06.277
One is like

0:25:06.276,0:25:09.273
it's like a game console made with Arduino

0:25:09.234,0:25:12.535
but it displays an eight by eight (pixel thin) with

0:25:12.574,0:25:15.465
which is a very super low resolution console

0:25:15.503,0:25:17.542
and you play few video games.

0:25:17.542,0:25:19.097
Another one is a kit

0:25:19.058,0:25:21.135
that helps you take care of a plant

0:25:21.292,0:25:24.067
so you can connect sensors into the plant.

0:25:24.028,0:25:26.580
And the third kit is a theremin.

0:25:26.580,0:25:27.834
So it's a musical instrument.

0:25:27.834,0:25:30.147
You move the hands near the

0:25:30.149,0:25:33.147
the Arduino it only makes different kind of sounds.

0:25:33.147,0:25:34.904
But it's a nice –

0:25:34.904,0:25:36.904
probably because you buy the kit.

0:25:36.904,0:25:38.669
The instructions are very simple

0:25:38.669,0:25:41.475
and in one day you can assemble it with your kids

0:25:41.475,0:25:42.894
and they play with it.

0:25:42.933,0:25:45.481
So it's kind of a, you know, it teaches kids

0:25:45.442,0:25:48.616
about the fact that you can actually build your own toys

0:25:48.616,0:25:51.388
which a lot of kids

0:25:51.388,0:25:55.000
are kind of lost this idea to build your own.

0:25:55.000,0:25:56.262
You have fun with this stuff

0:25:56.262,0:25:58.262
that you make yourself, you know.

0:26:01.855,0:26:03.194
Oh, yes?

0:26:03.198,0:26:05.660
So we're actually doing a sort of

0:26:05.738,0:26:07.657
visual interface for Arduino.

0:26:07.579,0:26:09.092
-Okay.[br]-And all we have is that

0:26:09.092,0:26:10.693
you know, a different laptops

0:26:10.693,0:26:14.065
you know, a the different – (libraries you need to use).

0:26:14.065,0:26:16.549
So as you can help bringing all those up in the (server)

0:26:16.588,0:26:18.651
and sort of compile over the Cloud

0:26:18.729,0:26:19.531
you know, through that.

0:26:19.564,0:26:21.844
We want to know whether there's any licensing issue

0:26:21.844,0:26:24.579
that I should be aware of and then putting it all online

0:26:24.579,0:26:26.463
and putting all the libraries

0:26:26.463,0:26:31.278
-and all the different (inaudible).[br]-So as long as you don't call it “Arduino”.

0:26:31.278,0:26:34.209
I mean if you call it arduino.sg

0:26:34.209,0:26:35.429
clearly that's a problem.

0:26:35.429,0:26:37.429
But, you know, actually so

0:26:37.429,0:26:39.469
a few months ago

0:26:39.508,0:26:42.561
we launched an online version of our IDE.

0:26:42.561,0:26:44.561
-Yes.[br]-It’s called “Create”.

0:26:44.522,0:26:46.522
And as of point

0:26:46.522,0:26:48.084
we have in the

0:26:48.240,0:26:50.942
in the list of things we want to do.

0:26:50.942,0:26:54.660
We have also a scratch-like interface.

0:26:54.660,0:26:58.929
But – so we also produced

0:26:58.929,0:27:00.929
the software called “Arduino-Builder”.

0:27:00.929,0:27:04.289
You should look it up – look it up – you look it up

0:27:04.289,0:27:06.289
it's “Arduino-Builder”.

0:27:06.289,0:27:07.571
So basically, we took out

0:27:07.571,0:27:11.068
all of the compilation part of the regular IDE

0:27:11.068,0:27:13.068
and we put it into a common line tool.

0:27:13.068,0:27:14.635
So if you use that one

0:27:14.635,0:27:15.564
to compile the code

0:27:15.603,0:27:17.840
it is exactly the same code

0:27:17.840,0:27:20.158
that comes out of the Arduino IDE.

0:27:20.197,0:27:23.757
So – and you can put that in the Cloud

0:27:23.823,0:27:26.814
and the license is very

0:27:26.814,0:27:30.381
I mean if you make improvement or modification

0:27:30.381,0:27:32.381
you should share it back but you can

0:27:32.381,0:27:34.381
then put it on a server and use it.

0:27:34.381,0:27:37.787
That one gives you the ability to be (compile).

0:27:37.865,0:27:41.398
So you get the same exact code as the Arduino IDE.

0:27:41.398,0:27:44.028
And also we add these features that make it easier

0:27:44.104,0:27:47.550
for Arduino to find where your libraries are

0:27:47.512,0:27:49.923
so that some parts of the compilation

0:27:49.923,0:27:53.369
are better automated now.

0:27:53.369,0:27:55.369
So including other libraries

0:27:55.408,0:27:57.721
you know, other codes need some libraries

0:27:57.682,0:27:59.453
and obviously so I'm not sure

0:27:59.453,0:28:02.553
if including those libraries will expose any other...

0:28:02.553,0:28:03.920
No, if you

0:28:03.920,0:28:08.018
I think normally if you put the libraries on the server

0:28:08.057,0:28:09.662
in whatever format

0:28:09.623,0:28:11.663
as long as when people download it

0:28:11.624,0:28:15.445
they understand that this library is from Adafruit

0:28:15.445,0:28:18.117
they made it and that you're not claiming

0:28:18.117,0:28:20.117
to own anything

0:28:20.117,0:28:22.117
but yeah, the library is GPL

0:28:22.117,0:28:24.698
so you need to basically provide people

0:28:24.698,0:28:28.267
with a link to say where you downloaded it from.

0:28:28.267,0:28:31.023
So that they know that this is an Adafruit product.

0:28:31.023,0:28:33.228
Adafruit is happy if you use their code.

0:28:33.228,0:28:34.986
They don’t complain.

0:28:34.986,0:28:36.986
They only get upset where

0:28:36.986,0:28:38.484
there has been a number of situation where, you know

0:28:38.484,0:28:40.329
Adafruit are really good because they make

0:28:40.329,0:28:42.096
hundreds of libraries

0:28:42.096,0:28:44.787
And then they called them “Adafruit_something”.

0:28:44.787,0:28:46.107
So that people understand

0:28:46.107,0:28:47.511
that they have to thank Adafruit

0:28:47.511,0:28:48.420
for their work.

0:28:48.461,0:28:50.148
And there's a number of people who download it.

0:28:50.148,0:28:52.807
They removed that “Adafruit_”,

0:28:52.853,0:28:54.945
they maybe modified couple of lines

0:28:54.945,0:28:57.365
and then they put it out as their own library.

0:28:57.365,0:28:59.229
So they kind of take away

0:28:59.229,0:29:01.366
the credit from Adafruit which is, no

0:29:01.455,0:29:02.643
not nice.

0:29:02.643,0:29:07.183
-But if you don't do that, then you’re okay.[br]-Very nice.

0:29:09.442,0:29:14.637
Very nice.So basically, most of the audience were all

0:29:14.637,0:29:16.637
they knew all about Arduino.

0:29:16.637,0:29:21.285
So who – do you use also Arduino in your profession?

0:29:21.285,0:29:23.587
-Is anybody were using it as a profession?[br]-Yeah.

0:29:23.624,0:29:26.267
Can I – can you show me the hands?

0:29:26.947,0:29:28.947
Oh wow, that's nice.

0:29:28.947,0:29:30.947
So, what do you build with Arduino?

0:29:30.947,0:29:32.645
Not me, my staff.

0:29:32.645,0:29:33.524
-All we did was[br]-Okay.

0:29:33.524,0:29:36.455
we connected the dissolved oxygen sensor

0:29:36.455,0:29:37.635
-with Arduino[br]-Okay.

0:29:37.635,0:29:41.877
and tied it up to a actuator to turn on an aerator

0:29:41.877,0:29:42.703
Okay.

0:29:42.703,0:29:45.936
so we put them on fish ponds and prevents fish kills

0:29:45.936,0:29:47.936
-from lack of oxygen.[br]-Wow.

0:29:47.936,0:29:49.936
Very cool. Nice.

0:29:49.936,0:29:51.782
Any other application that you build

0:29:51.782,0:29:53.782
that somebody wants to talk about?

0:29:54.122,0:29:57.566
-Yes.[br]-I got a intern at home

0:29:57.566,0:30:00.096
and starting in 9th of January.

0:30:00.000,0:30:03.651
-I used to work with Raspberry Pi.[br]-Okay.

0:30:03.613,0:30:07.574
And probably not – when it comes to (storage menu),

0:30:07.632,0:30:10.559
so I want them to work on sensor.

0:30:10.559,0:30:11.881
(May I call this sensor)?

0:30:11.881,0:30:13.702
-Yeah.[br]-Like it (with) a drone.

0:30:13.702,0:30:18.459
-Oh, wow.[br]-And so we can start mapping the air quality in cities.

0:30:18.459,0:30:22.415
Oh, wow. Yeah that's...[br]-So with the – I'm not an expert in Arduino.

0:30:22.415,0:30:24.321
So, maybe you got some tips whereas like

0:30:24.321,0:30:25.831
where would you actually start?

0:30:25.831,0:30:31.251
Well, effectively almost

0:30:31.251,0:30:33.134
any Arduino would work

0:30:33.134,0:30:36.485
because you just need to store the data somewhere.

0:30:36.485,0:30:40.338
We're about to launch a board which is kind of like this

0:30:40.338,0:30:43.751
small and it's just the same processor

0:30:43.751,0:30:47.037
that we have in Arduino 0 which is a 32 bit

0:30:47.037,0:30:50.186
ARM processor and it also has a

0:30:50.209,0:30:52.422
micro-SD protector.

0:30:52.393,0:30:55.232
So you put a micro-SD. You protect the sensor

0:30:55.232,0:30:57.232
and when it flies around,

0:30:57.232,0:30:59.232
you download the position.

0:30:59.232,0:31:02.592
And the value from the sensor, you store it in the SD card

0:31:02.592,0:31:04.757
and when the drone comes back, hopefully.

0:31:04.757,0:31:06.757
You take out the SD card

0:31:06.757,0:31:09.302
and you get a CSV file to download.

0:31:09.302,0:31:11.302
So to build that code is very simple

0:31:11.302,0:31:13.434
and essentially this was designed for

0:31:13.525,0:31:14.580
this kind of activity.

0:31:14.580,0:31:18.432
Well, it's going to be called “MKR zero”.

0:31:18.432,0:31:21.457
Are you broadcasting this?

0:31:21.457,0:31:25.949
-Yes.[br]No. (inaudible) – that's catchy.

0:31:25.949,0:31:28.924
Yeah, there's going to be a border or in a (Adafruit makes)

0:31:28.924,0:31:32.037
-King size SD card.[br]-As we go – try to – yeah, it's kind of similar.

0:31:32.037,0:31:34.906
-Question.[br]-Yes.

0:31:34.906,0:31:36.674
I have a question from my friends.

0:31:36.630,0:31:37.275
They're asking,

0:31:37.275,0:31:40.035
“What's the most impactful Arduino project

0:31:40.035,0:31:42.707
-that you've encountered so far?”[br]-Oh wow.

0:31:42.707,0:31:44.886
Yeah. That's a difficult question.

0:31:44.886,0:31:49.440
I should prepare for this question like every month I decide.

0:31:49.440,0:31:53.554
It's very difficult because every time I feel that

0:31:53.554,0:31:55.834
we found something that's very impactful

0:31:55.834,0:31:56.811
then somebody comes up with

0:31:56.811,0:31:58.811
something else that's crazier.

0:31:58.811,0:32:02.901
And I don't know. To me it's very interesting to see

0:32:02.901,0:32:08.647
for example, if you look at the open source 3D printers,

0:32:08.647,0:32:11.054
including the major (board).

0:32:11.054,0:32:13.469
They all kind of started of with the Arduino

0:32:13.469,0:32:15.309
as there hardware platform

0:32:15.309,0:32:17.309
and the work that is – a lot of people hae done

0:32:17.309,0:32:19.309
using Arduino to understand

0:32:19.309,0:32:22.704
how to control motion in these kind of machines

0:32:22.704,0:32:25.967
has generated a body of knowledge

0:32:26.011,0:32:29.150
that gets used in rebreathers and people

0:32:29.150,0:32:32.997
made sealing machine based on the same idea.

0:32:32.997,0:32:36.069
People made open source laser cutters.

0:32:36.069,0:32:40.482
People may even – cake decoration robots with that.

0:32:40.571,0:32:43.297
Somebody made a machine that tattoos

0:32:43.312,0:32:45.446
your – our wrist.

0:32:45.593,0:32:48.547
Like you put your wrist – your arm inside

0:32:48.547,0:32:50.547
and it tattoos stuff on your arm.

0:32:50.547,0:32:52.769
And it's interesting because this is all based

0:32:52.769,0:32:54.907
on this very interesting phenomena

0:32:54.907,0:32:57.178
this layering of technology.

0:32:57.178,0:32:59.178
So we in a way simplify

0:32:59.178,0:33:01.677
the access to electronics and software

0:33:01.677,0:33:03.449
and then somebody start building something

0:33:03.449,0:33:05.898
that was called “motion control”

0:33:05.898,0:33:08.755
and they work is equal to Grbl

0:33:08.755,0:33:10.886
which is like a software that takes G-code,

0:33:10.886,0:33:13.111
they are using – (skills) the machines

0:33:13.111,0:33:15.111
and controls the stepper motor.

0:33:15.111,0:33:17.111
And then on top of that, people started

0:33:17.111,0:33:19.246
to create all the different things

0:33:19.246,0:33:21.110
and they could – this thing called “RAMPS”.

0:33:21.110,0:33:25.302
This shield that a lot of 3D printers used RAMPS.

0:33:25.302,0:33:26.388
And then that particular

0:33:26.388,0:33:27.302
combination of Arduino

0:33:27.302,0:33:29.681
mega plus RAMPS, steam power

0:33:29.966,0:33:31.966
like a ton of printers.

0:33:32.250,0:33:34.450
And so it's interesting, you know this, you know,

0:33:34.450,0:33:36.450
people understand and they build

0:33:36.450,0:33:38.720
and somebody else comes and builds on top of that.

0:33:38.720,0:33:40.720
And then now we have

0:33:40.720,0:33:42.492
a lot of these 3D printers

0:33:42.492,0:33:44.492
that are enabled by the work that

0:33:44.492,0:33:47.048
people have done, you know, by collaborating

0:33:47.048,0:33:49.002
in different ways.

0:33:49.002,0:33:51.002
So I think that's broad enough,

0:33:51.002,0:33:53.002
you know, like a

0:33:53.002,0:33:55.002
crazy lifesaving project

0:33:55.002,0:33:57.002
but it's – to me it's very important because

0:33:57.002,0:34:00.491
it shows that, you know,

0:34:00.450,0:34:02.796
if you work together you could kind of

0:34:02.796,0:34:04.123
create – you can create

0:34:04.123,0:34:06.255
a body of knowledge that becomes useful.

0:34:06.434,0:34:08.434
So if somebody want to build

0:34:08.389,0:34:10.029
some kind of a machine with

0:34:10.072,0:34:12.947
an x, y, z axis machine.

0:34:12.902,0:34:14.629
A little bit like a 3D printer.

0:34:14.629,0:34:16.629
They don't start from zero.

0:34:16.629,0:34:18.629
They can create that

0:34:18.629,0:34:20.103
and build something with it.

0:34:20.103,0:34:21.924
And doing that, it's kind of knowledge

0:34:21.924,0:34:25.112
is an important, you know, tool.

0:34:25.112,0:34:28.175
Then obviously, you know, people have built

0:34:28.175,0:34:32.069
machines to analyze the DNA

0:34:32.069,0:34:35.821
and then build a machines that can

0:34:35.821,0:34:37.821
incubators for kids in

0:34:37.821,0:34:40.661
and people have build, you know, tools for

0:34:40.972,0:34:45.514
people that cannot speak, also they can, you know.

0:34:45.514,0:34:47.514
At the Maker Faire this year,

0:34:47.692,0:34:49.918
somebody build a glove

0:34:49.962,0:34:51.962
for people that cannot speak

0:34:51.962,0:34:54.228
so they can use sign language

0:34:54.228,0:34:58.956
but then the Arduino – store gigabyte from Arduino

0:34:58.956,0:35:00.956
that understands the signs

0:35:00.956,0:35:02.956
and uses the mobile phone to speak the words.

0:35:02.956,0:35:05.181
So if somebody cannot speak

0:35:05.181,0:35:09.100
they can sign and the phone (cannot) speak

0:35:09.100,0:35:12.120
which enables people to use

0:35:12.120,0:35:13.442
sign language with people

0:35:13.442,0:35:14.862
who don't understands sign language.

0:35:14.862,0:35:16.725
I think it's a very important innovation.

0:35:16.725,0:35:18.725
And so we gave it – we give this project

0:35:18.725,0:35:24.379
100,000 euro as a price at the Maker Faire.

0:35:24.379,0:35:26.379
But this type of project was

0:35:26.379,0:35:28.379
somebody made a sensor that allows

0:35:28.379,0:35:31.976
blind people to go on bicycles.

0:35:31.976,0:35:34.787
Yeah. It was kind of – (like a thesis).

0:35:34.787,0:35:39.029
It allows blind people to participate in bicycle race.

0:35:39.029,0:35:42.652
-Wow.[br]-So they have a special three-wheel bicycle

0:35:42.652,0:35:45.507
and this sensor has a bunch of

0:35:45.507,0:35:47.910
sensors that detect obstacles

0:35:47.910,0:35:51.672
and so the person who rides the bike

0:35:51.672,0:35:53.672
and the sensor tells

0:35:53.672,0:35:56.884
person if there are obstacles around and they just race.

0:35:56.884,0:35:58.884
So they gave it with the school.

0:35:58.884,0:36:02.293
They could have blind people race in the paralympics.

0:36:02.293,0:36:05.396
There was another group that

0:36:05.396,0:36:09.305
build a video game for dogs.

0:36:09.305,0:36:12.228
A video game for dogs.

0:36:12.228,0:36:15.154
It's essentially a box

0:36:15.263,0:36:17.263
with three buttons.

0:36:17.371,0:36:20.763
And it releases these biscuits for dogs.

0:36:20.763,0:36:22.763
So the dogs sees a a light on,

0:36:22.763,0:36:24.763
they go – they (keep) with their, you know,

0:36:24.763,0:36:28.483
paw and they get a...(cookie)

0:36:28.483,0:36:30.483
And then the more they learn how to do

0:36:30.483,0:36:32.035
this, the more their gain

0:36:32.035,0:36:33.271
becomes complicated.

0:36:33.271,0:36:34.911
So the dog has to kind of go all

0:36:34.911,0:36:36.729
the sequences and everything.

0:36:36.729,0:36:38.729
And apparently, it keeps the dogs busy

0:36:38.729,0:36:40.729
while their bored.

0:36:40.777,0:36:43.509
And they are happy.

0:36:43.509,0:36:45.509
So there was industry

0:36:45.509,0:36:47.509
installation of this kind of projects and

0:36:47.509,0:36:49.014
every year there's – weren't more.

0:36:49.014,0:36:51.014
So it's kind of hard to...

0:36:51.099,0:36:53.594
Yes.

0:36:53.772,0:36:55.772
I have a question.

0:36:55.772,0:36:57.772
So as you mention the Arduino 101 just now.

0:36:57.772,0:37:00.261
-Yeah[br]-And meanwhile, (called out) Arduino 101

0:37:00.261,0:37:02.261
which is on internet (and how can we)

0:37:02.261,0:37:04.261
has a potential for of (mesh network)

0:37:04.439,0:37:06.394
-Oh yeah.[br]-And I'm wondering when

0:37:06.394,0:37:08.394
we're to expect Arduino of having

0:37:08.527,0:37:11.468
his time neural network speed.

0:37:11.468,0:37:13.468
Yeah. Actually you can use it now.

0:37:13.468,0:37:15.153
There is a thing called the

0:37:15.153,0:37:18.307
“The Intel Pattern Matching Library”

0:37:18.307,0:37:19.812
you can build it.

0:37:19.812,0:37:22.211
Intel is not really great at explaining

0:37:22.211,0:37:24.617
to people how cool is the product

0:37:24.617,0:37:26.617
into – because with this name nobody

0:37:26.617,0:37:29.207
would – it's a pattern matching library.

0:37:29.207,0:37:30.939
So basically, what happens is that

0:37:30.939,0:37:32.939
in the silicon, there is

0:37:32.939,0:37:35.252
essentially a neural network implemented

0:37:35.252,0:37:38.041
there are some neurons implemented in silicon.

0:37:38.041,0:37:40.041
So the idea is that,

0:37:40.041,0:37:42.041
you can either train

0:37:42.219,0:37:44.219
the neural network directly in the

0:37:44.219,0:37:46.351
Arduino 101 if have seen – whole

0:37:46.351,0:37:48.711
learning process that you want to do,

0:37:48.711,0:37:50.619
or if you want to work

0:37:50.619,0:37:52.126
on more complex stuff.

0:37:52.126,0:37:53.630
You should get the data

0:37:53.630,0:37:56.485
use some kind of a software to train

0:37:56.796,0:37:58.796
the neuron and then you download

0:37:58.796,0:38:00.662
the information in the network.

0:38:00.662,0:38:02.662
But essentially the idea is

0:38:02.662,0:38:04.120
more of the potential use.

0:38:04.120,0:38:06.120
They use – you connect sensor to this

0:38:06.120,0:38:08.120
network and the network can

0:38:08.297,0:38:10.519
basically interpret the data from

0:38:10.564,0:38:13.182
sensors even if the processor is off.

0:38:13.182,0:38:15.182
So for example, if you are

0:38:15.182,0:38:17.182
making like a fitness band

0:38:17.182,0:38:19.997
like FitBit, the Neural network can

0:38:19.997,0:38:21.997
use that accelerometer the board

0:38:21.997,0:38:23.997
has a 6-axis sensor.

0:38:23.997,0:38:25.997
You can interpret the data.

0:38:25.997,0:38:28.179
You can understand that

0:38:28.263,0:38:29.907
there was a step,

0:38:29.951,0:38:32.498
or somebody who's running, or we’re going up the stairs.

0:38:32.498,0:38:34.860
So – and then you count data

0:38:34.860,0:38:36.860
but you wake up, the processor

0:38:36.860,0:38:40.256
just say “He took a step” turn off

0:38:40.300,0:38:44.448
or “she was running for two steps”, stop.

0:38:44.448,0:38:46.448
So by doing this, you can save

0:38:46.448,0:38:49.230
dramatically the power

0:38:49.230,0:38:51.773
and also this kind of motion

0:38:51.773,0:38:54.312
a construction algorithm.

0:38:54.312,0:38:56.041
They tend to be very, very expensive.

0:38:56.041,0:38:57.725
They're not open source.

0:38:57.725,0:38:59.903
So if you train network to do it for you

0:38:59.903,0:39:01.680
(it's turning off).

0:39:01.680,0:39:03.680
You get better quality with the

0:39:03.680,0:39:05.680
not having to license those things.

0:39:05.680,0:39:07.854
And at the moment

0:39:07.902,0:39:10.632
the examples that you find are mostly inside

0:39:10.632,0:39:13.089
you press the button,

0:39:13.089,0:39:15.089
you shade the board

0:39:15.089,0:39:17.089
and the board learnsthat movement.

0:39:17.089,0:39:19.089
Every time you do that movement.

0:39:19.089,0:39:21.407
it pauses – “oh, you do a movement.”

0:39:21.407,0:39:24.137
So the examples are not exactly

0:39:24.137,0:39:27.314
exciting but they show you

0:39:27.314,0:39:29.623
that there's a lot of potential in that thing.

0:39:29.623,0:39:32.631
Westworld. I know you don't watch TV but...

0:39:32.671,0:39:34.298
-Sorry?[br]-Westworld.

0:39:34.298,0:39:35.470
-Yeah.[br]-Oh, yeah.

0:39:35.559,0:39:36.926
-You've seen this?[br]-Westworld.

0:39:36.970,0:39:39.945
I don't know. Westworld. All right.

0:39:39.945,0:39:42.346
The neural network is not powerful enough

0:39:42.346,0:39:44.658
to create this sentient being

0:39:44.658,0:39:47.110
actually, what is the last episode,

0:39:47.110,0:39:49.244
-it's like this week.[br]-Ninth season.

0:39:49.244,0:39:51.833
-Season 9.[br]-Ninth season.

0:39:51.833,0:39:53.781
Okay. Yes. I was waiting

0:39:53.781,0:39:55.185
for the last episode.

0:39:55.185,0:39:57.185
Yeah, I know it's not enough

0:39:57.185,0:39:59.185
to create – it's normally I think equivalent of

0:39:59.364,0:40:01.584
the brain of a tiny insect

0:40:00.617,0:40:05.965
tiny insect but still you can create to do some useful stuff.

0:40:05.972,0:40:09.144
And mostly, you know, you can do it

0:40:09.158,0:40:11.358
optimizing the power, or

0:40:11.358,0:40:13.402
optimizing the computing capability.

0:40:13.402,0:40:15.504
So that processor has a lot

0:40:15.504,0:40:17.504
of features in there.

0:40:26.709,0:40:29.343
Is anybody here a teacher like William?

0:40:31.176,0:40:33.002
Have you ever taught an Arduino

0:40:33.002,0:40:35.002
workshop for somebody else?

0:40:35.291,0:40:37.291
Okay, good, good, good.

0:40:37.291,0:40:40.224
Have you ever taught Arduino to kids?

0:40:40.713,0:40:43.450
Oh, wow. Okay. That's great.

0:40:44.500,0:40:46.356
Because you know, it's not

0:40:46.356,0:40:48.257
it's not always easy now to teach kids

0:40:48.257,0:40:50.822
because they feel like super excited

0:40:50.822,0:40:52.764
or you kind of like keep

0:40:52.764,0:40:54.837
them focused, you know.

0:40:54.837,0:40:56.837
You have – did you have a

0:40:56.837,0:40:58.837
did you have a teacher that doing to kids?

0:40:59.169,0:41:01.042
What age?

0:41:01.013,0:41:03.056
The youngest was my son.

0:41:03.056,0:41:05.231
Okay, that's four.

0:41:05.231,0:41:07.568
Arduino, for like a four-year old.

0:41:07.568,0:41:09.744
Yeah. He looks at the printing and

0:41:09.744,0:41:11.310
(how we do things). Okay.

0:41:11.310,0:41:13.107
They understand the hardware.

0:41:13.107,0:41:14.533
Yeah. I think – I know you're more

0:41:14.533,0:41:16.230
thinking about the coding parts

0:41:16.217,0:41:18.592
but they're doing the hardware, no problem.

0:41:18.592,0:41:20.707
(Mike) is good and faster than I do.

0:41:20.750,0:41:25.357
Wow. I think one frequent asked question

0:41:25.357,0:41:28.491
which I always get from teachers

0:41:28.491,0:41:30.416
You hold it.

0:41:30.416,0:41:33.764
Yeah. One of the frequent asked

0:41:33.764,0:41:35.764
questions that I always get,

0:41:35.764,0:41:37.764
not only as a teacher

0:41:37.764,0:41:39.764
but from teachers would be,

0:41:39.764,0:41:42.837
“Yeah, all this Arduino is cool,

0:41:42.837,0:41:47.811
but what has that ever do with education?

0:41:47.811,0:41:49.811
What has that got to do with..."

0:41:49.811,0:41:52.103
You know, I don't say

0:41:52.360,0:41:54.977
– or my kids are young

0:41:54.977,0:41:58.604
or we are from the (Arts stream), you know.

0:41:58.590,0:41:59.826
What does this have

0:41:59.826,0:42:01.450
to do with (Arts)?

0:42:01.450,0:42:02.485
Well, when you hear this

0:42:02.485,0:42:05.318
kind of remarks,

0:42:05.318,0:42:07.580
what would you say to them?

0:42:07.580,0:42:09.537
Oh, wow.

0:42:09.537,0:42:14.123
Well, the funny thing is that

0:42:14.123,0:42:16.613
sometimes you hear people say

0:42:16.613,0:42:18.383
that people who are technically

0:42:18.383,0:42:20.383
oriented to technology,

0:42:20.383,0:42:22.383
they don't really like the (Arts).

0:42:22.369,0:42:24.470
But I have to say

0:42:24.470,0:42:26.703
that sometimes people who are into (Arts),

0:42:26.703,0:42:28.703
they are little bit, you know,

0:42:28.703,0:42:30.950
they kind of – they don't

0:42:30.950,0:42:33.381
they're not – they don't say,

0:42:33.381,0:42:34.884
you know, kind of – in a way,

0:42:34.884,0:42:35.754
they're also the one's

0:42:35.754,0:42:37.944
who don't understand that technologies.

0:42:37.944,0:42:40.290
You know, it goes “Creative”

0:42:40.290,0:42:42.290
– a community.

0:42:42.290,0:42:44.290
And a lot of (arts)

0:42:44.953,0:42:47.320
is done now with technology.

0:42:47.320,0:42:49.407
Like contemporary art's

0:42:49.407,0:42:51.262
are using computers,

0:42:51.262,0:42:52.987
they're using electronics.

0:42:52.987,0:42:54.592
One of the first community

0:42:54.592,0:42:55.813
to adopt Arduino

0:42:55.813,0:42:57.813
after my students were musicians,

0:42:57.813,0:43:00.613
building new interfaces for

0:43:00.613,0:43:03.531
– there was even a

0:43:03.531,0:43:04.218
conference school,

0:43:04.218,0:43:06.778
New Interfaces for Musical Expression.

0:43:06.778,0:43:08.232
So, you know,

0:43:08.232,0:43:09.584
and then it would be at a

0:43:09.584,0:43:10.768
bunch of stuff using things

0:43:10.768,0:43:12.070
like Arduino.

0:43:12.070,0:43:14.406
And a lot of the current

0:43:14.406,0:43:16.537
interactive installation define

0:43:16.537,0:43:19.289
from artist are built using

0:43:19.289,0:43:21.059
, you know, technology.

0:43:21.059,0:43:23.424
A lot of exhibitions

0:43:23.424,0:43:25.540
in museums are Arduino.

0:43:25.540,0:43:27.081
Even the New York Times

0:43:27.081,0:43:28.980
wrote an article like five years ago

0:43:28.980,0:43:32.002
saying that if you used an Arduino,

0:43:32.045,0:43:34.897
you could build installations

0:43:34.897,0:43:36.289
for museums that would

0:43:36.289,0:43:38.289
, you know, be cheap and

0:43:38.289,0:43:39.565
- so one of the things

0:43:39.565,0:43:40.780
that I think is very interesting

0:43:40.780,0:43:41.787
that's happening right now,

0:43:41.787,0:43:42.910
is that if you use something

0:43:42.910,0:43:44.996
like Arduino to teacher.

0:43:44.996,0:43:47.663
For example you can

0:43:47.663,0:43:49.949
– you can do use

0:43:49.949,0:43:50.852
a lot of technology

0:43:50.852,0:43:52.852
that you have all in the same place.

0:43:52.852,0:43:54.985
But a lot of teaching unfortunately

0:43:54.985,0:43:56.467
is still divided by subjects.

0:43:56.467,0:43:58.598
So you do things in Arts,

0:43:58.598,0:44:00.141
and then you do Math,

0:44:00.141,0:44:01.626
and then you do Literature,

0:44:01.626,0:44:02.624
and then you do

0:44:02.624,0:44:03.738
– and you do is like all

0:44:03.760,0:44:06.683
, you know, we called it (silos), sometimes.

0:44:06.683,0:44:08.576
They're separated, you know.

0:44:08.576,0:44:10.035
While if you are building

0:44:10.035,0:44:12.274
a project using Arduino,

0:44:12.253,0:44:14.293
you might need to put together

0:44:14.293,0:44:16.336
some of your understanding

0:44:16.336,0:44:17.338
on Physics

0:44:17.338,0:44:18.795
because you're trying to make

0:44:18.795,0:44:20.599
some to evolve, you know.

0:44:20.599,0:44:22.276
I was once I was trying

0:44:22.276,0:44:23.344
to build some kind of a

0:44:23.344,0:44:24.788
a robotic armor,

0:44:24.788,0:44:26.788
to draw something on paper

0:44:26.788,0:44:27.696
and I realized that,

0:44:27.696,0:44:29.078
oh wow, now I have to

0:44:29.078,0:44:31.012
remember all those (Economics)

0:44:31.012,0:44:33.183
with formulas that I always hated

0:44:33.183,0:44:34.491
when I was a student.

0:44:34.491,0:44:35.995
Why did I hate them?

0:44:35.995,0:44:37.291
Because people, thought me

0:44:37.291,0:44:38.567
those (Economics) with formula

0:44:38.567,0:44:40.369
without ever explaining to me

0:44:40.369,0:44:42.588
why would I need them.

0:44:42.588,0:44:44.740
And then I have

0:44:44.740,0:44:45.496
the problem that

0:44:45.496,0:44:47.215
I have an XY coordinate

0:44:47.215,0:44:48.141
and I have to turn it in

0:44:48.141,0:44:49.905
two and three angles.

0:44:49.905,0:44:51.905
I said, “Oh, take a moment

0:44:51.905,0:44:52.850
(inaudible).”

0:44:54.358,0:44:56.565
So in a way this kind of project-based

0:44:56.565,0:44:58.565
learning with learning by doing.

0:44:58.565,0:44:59.737
And as if I have to say

0:44:59.737,0:45:01.136
you put together all your knowledge

0:45:01.136,0:45:03.201
and then suddenly you move

0:45:03.201,0:45:04.373
from one – visibly

0:45:04.373,0:45:06.481
go now so you find your ways kind of

0:45:06.481,0:45:09.566
a toy that uses Physics

0:45:09.566,0:45:11.566
and then uses Music.

0:45:11.566,0:45:13.566
Then you need to produce sound

0:45:13.566,0:45:14.667
from them to hear.

0:45:14.667,0:45:16.514
Oh, I need to make a sound.

0:45:16.514,0:45:18.470
So I need to know about frequency

0:45:18.470,0:45:20.470
and I need to know about notes.

0:45:20.470,0:45:23.188
I need to know about echo

0:45:23.188,0:45:24.484
and all these kind of things.

0:45:24.484,0:45:26.570
So, suddenly all you - things you learned

0:45:26.570,0:45:28.570
in Music they go into

0:45:28.570,0:45:29.940
your project.

0:45:29.940,0:45:31.516
So building projects with this

0:45:31.516,0:45:33.406
kind of technology in my opinion,

0:45:33.406,0:45:34.536
is very powerful

0:45:34.536,0:45:36.235
because it teaches kids.

0:45:36.235,0:45:37.302
And when you're trying

0:45:37.302,0:45:38.369
to solve the problem

0:45:38.369,0:45:40.026
you bring in everything

0:45:40.026,0:45:42.026
you know about life.

0:45:42.026,0:45:43.922
That's why for example say

0:45:43.922,0:45:45.922
the farmer learning about Arduino.

0:45:45.922,0:45:47.922
Because in a way,

0:45:47.922,0:45:49.620
they bring some life skills

0:45:49.620,0:45:51.620
about that subject that

0:45:51.620,0:45:54.633
unless you're also a farmer you don't know.

0:45:54.633,0:45:57.116
All you have do is ask.

0:45:57.116,0:45:57.921
Sorry?

0:45:57.921,0:45:59.550
Hi sir, my name is (Gabrielle).

0:45:59.572,0:46:01.094
So I teach a robotics

0:46:01.094,0:46:02.568
at school music and (inaudible).

0:46:02.568,0:46:03.073
Okay.

0:46:03.073,0:46:04.321
And later they (inaudible).

0:46:04.321,0:46:05.687
So the thing now is a lot of student

0:46:05.687,0:46:07.253
are very excited to use

0:46:07.253,0:46:08.278
(scratch programming)

0:46:08.278,0:46:08.949
Yeah.

0:46:08.949,0:46:10.290
But the thing is a lot of students

0:46:10.290,0:46:11.811
want to learn (syntax),

0:46:11.811,0:46:14.526
but the school teachers do not allow

0:46:14.547,0:46:15.739
their students to learn (syntax).

0:46:15.739,0:46:17.367
So what do you think

0:46:17.367,0:46:19.154
could do that experience teach

0:46:19.154,0:46:21.606
to learn syntax building? That's it.

0:46:21.671,0:46:24.515
Well, mm mhmm.

0:46:25.010,0:46:27.441
I mean (Scratch) is really good

0:46:27.441,0:46:28.772
to teach your young kid.

0:46:28.772,0:46:30.772
You get going very quickly.

0:46:30.772,0:46:32.772
But then obviously there is

0:46:32.772,0:46:34.425
a point where

0:46:34.425,0:46:35.752
if you become an expert

0:46:35.752,0:46:37.752
there's also personal productivity.

0:46:37.752,0:46:39.026
So if you're an expert,

0:46:39.026,0:46:40.764
(but they used I don't) want to

0:46:40.764,0:46:43.243
– and you know that as we

0:46:43.243,0:46:45.092
the big people who have built tools

0:46:45.092,0:46:46.323
for Arduino where

0:46:46.323,0:46:48.323
– even the (aim) of tool

0:46:48.323,0:46:50.323
shows you the Arduino code

0:46:50.323,0:46:51.347
generated us.

0:46:51.347,0:46:52.469
So that one is a good idea

0:46:52.469,0:46:54.295
because once you build the project

0:46:54.295,0:46:55.168
you kind of stop

0:46:55.168,0:46:56.629
because it's too complicated,

0:46:56.629,0:46:58.299
then you generate the code.

0:46:58.299,0:46:59.894
You cut it and paste it to Arduino

0:46:59.894,0:47:01.049
and you could (ping).

0:47:01.049,0:47:03.049
And then kind of, you know,

0:47:03.049,0:47:05.049
then it keeps getting mapped

0:47:05.049,0:47:07.049
the blocks to the code.

0:47:07.049,0:47:09.156
But you need to get to the point

0:47:09.156,0:47:11.156
that they are trying to do something,

0:47:11.156,0:47:12.772
that they cannot do

0:47:12.772,0:47:13.921
with visual tool

0:47:13.943,0:47:16.268
and then they are motivated.

0:47:16.268,0:47:18.248
Even with the adults it's like,

0:47:18.248,0:47:19.832
when I started teaching,

0:47:19.832,0:47:21.681
the first lectures I did it

0:47:21.681,0:47:24.435
in a way I saw people teaching in university.

0:47:24.500,0:47:26.984
So started teaching people about electricity,

0:47:26.984,0:47:29.158
electrons, current, atoms.

0:47:29.158,0:47:31.079
And then everybody was, you know,

0:47:31.079,0:47:31.887
getting distracted.

0:47:31.887,0:47:33.298
They would browse a data

0:47:33.298,0:47:34.778
and make it a wifi.

0:47:34.778,0:47:35.688
I said, “Oh, wow”.

0:47:35.688,0:47:37.688
Even I turned off the wifi

0:47:37.688,0:47:39.688
or I become a different teacher.

0:47:39.688,0:47:42.078
So, I said this was the second option.

0:47:42.078,0:47:43.580
And I realized that, you know,

0:47:43.580,0:47:44.949
when I was kid I learned

0:47:44.949,0:47:46.326
by doing things.

0:47:46.326,0:47:48.196
And when I started learning

0:47:48.196,0:47:50.283
what all the (gist) as a kid

0:47:50.283,0:47:52.720
was the moment something

0:47:52.720,0:47:55.042
I was trying to do, required me

0:47:55.042,0:47:56.780
to learn about knowledge.

0:47:56.780,0:47:58.543
So in that particular context,

0:47:58.543,0:48:01.845
that piece of knowledge connected with

0:48:01.845,0:48:04.378
my situation and I was open

0:48:04.378,0:48:06.378
to that concept.

0:48:06.378,0:48:08.421
But if I try to learn

0:48:08.421,0:48:09.878
a bunch of things completely

0:48:09.878,0:48:11.772
in abstraction with no connection

0:48:11.772,0:48:12.623
with my life,

0:48:12.623,0:48:14.623
what's the point of this knowledge?

0:48:14.623,0:48:16.051
It goes away.

0:48:16.051,0:48:17.616
So, if the kids get to the point

0:48:17.616,0:48:18.988
that they want to do something,

0:48:18.988,0:48:20.291
but they can't do it

0:48:20.291,0:48:21.830
because the visual tool cannot do it,

0:48:21.830,0:48:23.701
in that moment they are

0:48:23.701,0:48:25.873
ready to invest the energy

0:48:25.873,0:48:29.720
to move to their (level).

0:48:32.842,0:48:34.052
Yes?

0:48:34.052,0:48:35.702
If you had to put Arduino

0:48:35.702,0:48:37.397
and all of these maker community

0:48:37.397,0:48:38.789
in one sentence to someone

0:48:38.789,0:48:39.998
who never heard it before?

0:48:39.998,0:48:41.264
Oh, wow.

0:48:41.264,0:48:43.264
Because a lot of people ask me

0:48:43.264,0:48:45.438
this about what is it

0:48:45.438,0:48:47.676
I can't define this?

0:48:47.676,0:48:50.440
Well, the reason of usual definition of making,

0:48:50.440,0:48:52.156
which is kind of boring.

0:48:52.156,0:48:54.854
It is difficult to create

0:48:54.854,0:48:57.611
like a simple one sentence definition

0:48:57.611,0:48:58.557
also because I noticed

0:48:58.557,0:49:00.557
that even in the maker of community

0:49:00.557,0:49:02.557
a lot of people have a different

0:49:02.557,0:49:04.557
way to think about it.

0:49:04.557,0:49:06.664
To me the important part, is that

0:49:06.664,0:49:09.321
– it is in a way a movement

0:49:09.321,0:49:11.018
that is connected only with

0:49:11.018,0:49:13.192
essentially a DIY attitude,

0:49:13.192,0:49:15.450
so do it yourself attitude,

0:49:15.450,0:49:18.472
which it's essentially

0:49:18.472,0:49:21.342
a technological extension

0:49:21.342,0:49:24.721
of the DIY community,

0:49:24.721,0:49:28.325
which in a way is

0:49:32.388,0:49:35.201
- uses different, you know,

0:49:35.201,0:49:36.897
learning by doing

0:49:36.897,0:49:41.269
and this kind of constructing

0:49:41.269,0:49:44.228
a little bit too technicality's term.

0:49:44.228,0:49:45.681
But in education this makers

0:49:45.681,0:49:47.050
are called constructive in term,

0:49:47.050,0:49:48.702
– you build up your knowledge.

0:49:48.702,0:49:51.070
But in way, so it is essentially,

0:49:51.070,0:49:53.399
it's a DIY community

0:49:53.399,0:49:55.399
that embraces every activity

0:49:55.399,0:49:57.030
with a technological angle.

0:49:57.030,0:49:59.030
So they used digital technologies

0:50:02.216,0:50:04.757
The people who do this are not necessarily

0:50:04.743,0:50:07.281
an expert training at field

0:50:07.782,0:50:09.366
of technology

0:50:09.366,0:50:11.532
They may be somebody that's been speaking at other

0:50:11.532,0:50:13.383
technology and they used

0:50:13.383,0:50:14.955
and in the field they used technology

0:50:14.955,0:50:17.976
and they do a lot of learning by doing,

0:50:17.976,0:50:19.976
learning by making projects.

0:50:19.976,0:50:24.517
So it's the hands on learning and a deep

0:50:24.517,0:50:27.288
another aspect that makes maker different from

0:50:27.288,0:50:29.439
other previous communities

0:50:29.439,0:50:34.778
that it’s learning from other people.

0:50:34.778,0:50:37.803
It's also called peer to peer learning.

0:50:37.803,0:50:40.258
It happens because makers use internet.

0:50:40.258,0:50:42.258
They communicate with people.

0:50:43.635,0:50:47.766
A number of makers that's making complex concepts

0:50:47.766,0:50:51.211
to learn them with a lot of pain

0:50:51.211,0:50:54.775
and then wrote articles online to explain them

0:50:54.775,0:50:56.643
in a different language,

0:50:56.643,0:50:59.659
making it easier for other people to do that.

0:50:59.659,0:51:03.157
And so, I don't know, I should - I think

0:51:03.157,0:51:05.157
I should sit down and probably try come up

0:51:05.157,0:51:07.730
with a very elegant phrase to say this.

0:51:07.730,0:51:09.697
At the moment, I don't.

0:51:09.697,0:51:11.182
There's a couple of people who has,

0:51:11.182,0:51:13.331
a couple different publishers who've asked me to write

0:51:13.331,0:51:15.331
a book about makers.

0:51:15.331,0:51:17.846
But then it would require me to go, all this kind of thinking

0:51:17.846,0:51:21.139
and come up with clever definitions

0:51:21.139,0:51:23.139
or intelligent ideas.

0:51:23.139,0:51:26.625
And so sometimes, yes, kind of.

0:51:26.608,0:51:30.570
I'll just give you an example I think, you know,

0:51:30.570,0:51:34.638
when I started working on microcontrollers

0:51:34.638,0:51:37.018
before I made Arduino,

0:51:37.018,0:51:41.433
I was working with teachers because, you know,

0:51:41.433,0:51:43.433
before I started teaching

0:51:43.433,0:51:45.433
I was working in a – I was working

0:51:45.433,0:51:47.433
and I was doing software for a long, long time.

0:51:47.433,0:51:50.470
And then I was working in investment fund,

0:51:50.470,0:51:52.305
in a venture capital fund.

0:51:52.305,0:51:54.305
And after that okay, this is not for me.

0:51:54.305,0:51:56.008
I don't like this.

0:51:56.008,0:51:57.842
I want to go to something

0:51:57.842,0:51:59.842
that has got something to do with, you know,

0:51:59.842,0:52:02.582
maybe something and maybe helping people

0:52:02.582,0:52:04.582
so I started teaching in the school.

0:52:04.582,0:52:06.582
That's why I used (pictures)

0:52:06.582,0:52:09.300
because they were - they're very

0:52:09.300,0:52:11.300
the most easy one to find on the market,

0:52:11.300,0:52:13.300
because Italian's were using the pictures

0:52:13.300,0:52:15.300
to hack satellite tv's.

0:52:15.300,0:52:17.300
So they can watch their – the football game.

0:52:18.013,0:52:21.299
So they – you could buy them anywhere from.

0:52:21.299,0:52:23.299
But then after a while,

0:52:23.299,0:52:25.721
we found a lot of limitation in the (pictures).

0:52:25.721,0:52:27.721
And we want something that would have a good

0:52:27.721,0:52:30.419
free open-source C compiler

0:52:30.419,0:52:33.258
and in the end we ended up using the AVR

0:52:33.258,0:52:35.408
because one of my

0:52:35.408,0:52:40.180
(in a way) mentors, yes, (inaudible) told me

0:52:40.180,0:52:41.310
I'm going to look at the AVR,

0:52:41.310,0:52:43.310
but at least the reason why we ended up using it,

0:52:43.310,0:52:46.738
is because the old community,

0:52:46.738,0:52:49.034
which was not called makers back then

0:52:49.034,0:52:51.719
who read all their AVR documentation

0:52:51.719,0:52:55.014
which wasn’t clearly written

0:52:55.014,0:52:58.621
digested it and they wrote their own articles,

0:52:58.621,0:53:00.621
they explained the same stuff

0:53:00.621,0:53:02.621
in the language that humans would understand.

0:53:02.621,0:53:08.417
So we started to work with AVR's, for

0:53:08.417,0:53:09.818
also for that reason

0:53:09.818,0:53:13.112
because the documentation was, you know,

0:53:13.112,0:53:15.862
unable - in a format

0:53:15.862,0:53:17.862
that wasn't an official datasheets

0:53:17.862,0:53:19.862
but also articles like people

0:53:19.862,0:53:21.862
explaining how to do this.

0:53:23.471,0:53:25.790
So I think in a way, you know,

0:53:25.790,0:53:28.108
this is a community

0:53:28.108,0:53:30.108
that were kind of helping each other

0:53:30.108,0:53:32.308
kind of part of the - the sharing

0:53:32.308,0:53:35.319
is part of the package.

0:53:38.321,0:53:42.666
(Inaudible), is someone who is

0:53:42.666,0:53:44.666
hoping to go beyond other than looking

0:53:44.666,0:53:47.576
to the (inaudible) besides the services like

0:53:47.576,0:53:49.905
easy work or rather

0:53:49.905,0:53:53.632
a relatively easier introduction into (inaudible).

0:53:53.632,0:53:55.632
Yeah, by using Arduino you said that

0:53:55.632,0:53:57.632
-that the development.[br]-Yeah, but like beyond

0:53:57.632,0:54:01.115
(inaudible) coding and (inaudible).

0:54:01.795,0:54:04.870
(For you), when you use Arduino, you're doing C++.

0:54:04.870,0:54:06.870
So, the question is that,

0:54:06.870,0:54:09.087
unfortunately there's a bunch of people

0:54:09.087,0:54:12.173
who called themselves professional developers

0:54:12.173,0:54:14.173
where not all of them

0:54:14.173,0:54:15.640
are professionals but some of them

0:54:15.640,0:54:17.640
called themselves professional.

0:54:17.640,0:54:19.640
There is this (fellow) Arduino is not a real

0:54:19.640,0:54:21.640
thing so you're not doing (embedded).

0:54:21.640,0:54:23.640
You're doing an (embedded) it's C++.

0:54:23.640,0:54:25.640
So you can actually take it

0:54:25.640,0:54:27.454
out of the Arduino IDM, and use

0:54:27.454,0:54:29.454
the common language you want.

0:54:29.454,0:54:31.454
And there's a bunch of people that use Arduino

0:54:31.454,0:54:33.454
to build actual products.

0:54:33.454,0:54:35.454
Somebody even wrote an article that a few

0:54:35.454,0:54:37.454
maybe a year ago saying that

0:54:37.454,0:54:40.319
they will use an Arduino in industrial equipment.

0:54:40.319,0:54:42.319
And they thought that was (functioning)

0:54:42.319,0:54:44.319
and the people should stop

0:54:44.319,0:54:46.319
in a way considering Arduino,

0:54:46.319,0:54:48.319
just as for providing to,

0:54:48.319,0:54:52.685
because it's kind of stable.

0:54:52.685,0:54:55.119
And one of the advantage of Arduino

0:54:55.119,0:54:58.158
gives you is that

0:54:59.087,0:55:01.087
its productivity.

0:55:01.087,0:55:03.087
It was easy

0:55:03.087,0:55:05.087
because this company (Siemens) made this

0:55:05.087,0:55:07.087
small industrial computer that's

0:55:07.087,0:55:10.147
based on the Intel Galileo

0:55:10.147,0:55:13.230
and they give the documentation,

0:55:13.230,0:55:15.230
so it shows you how to use the official

0:55:15.230,0:55:18.563
Intel IDE for this processor.

0:55:18.563,0:55:20.563
And the set up

0:55:20.563,0:55:22.563
setting up with development environment

0:55:22.563,0:55:25.633
takes the first 20 pages of

0:55:25.633,0:55:28.283
the manual, 20 pages

0:55:28.283,0:55:34.848
of like hard core C language -- literally

0:55:34.848,0:55:37.844
Option B. You take a USB cable.

0:55:37.844,0:55:39.592
You plug it in this thing.

0:55:39.592,0:55:40.911
You download Arduino.

0:55:40.911,0:55:43.816
You select Intel Galileo Generation 2.

0:55:43.816,0:55:46.866
Select the blink. Press the button,

0:55:46.866,0:55:49.603
30 seconds later there it is - easy.

0:55:49.603,0:55:51.923
So the instructions you can write them

0:55:51.923,0:55:53.923
in a fortune cookie in a Chinese restaurant.

0:55:53.923,0:55:55.923
Snap it and then

0:55:55.923,0:55:57.923
the instructions are on the fortune cookie, you know.

0:55:57.923,0:56:00.489
So to me that was very important

0:56:00.489,0:56:02.289
because I know a lot of people

0:56:02.289,0:56:03.838
who develop software

0:56:03.838,0:56:05.502
they goes in to industries.

0:56:05.502,0:56:07.502
They run companies

0:56:07.502,0:56:09.502
and they have been here doing software

0:56:09.502,0:56:11.502
in different ways and they will have

0:56:11.502,0:56:14.631
a lot of – they would waste a lot of time,

0:56:14.631,0:56:16.631
trying to learn and try to development

0:56:16.631,0:56:18.631
many kind of, you know, old style.

0:56:18.631,0:56:20.631
While Arduino allows them

0:56:20.631,0:56:23.497
to be productive today, you know.

0:56:24.741,0:56:26.925
So one of the things,

0:56:26.925,0:56:28.925
obviously you want to do is,

0:56:30.799,0:56:32.570
because I'm talking at the arm

0:56:32.570,0:56:35.793
based Arduinos or the Intel based Arduino,

0:56:35.793,0:56:37.793
because they are more powerful.

0:56:37.793,0:56:39.793
Also the industry thing is that,

0:56:39.793,0:56:42.586
if you start with Arduino and you make an (inaudible).

0:56:42.586,0:56:46.966
If you look at the place

0:56:46.966,0:56:48.966
where you keep your sketch,

0:56:48.966,0:56:51.491
Arduino converts the code into

0:56:51.491,0:56:53.491
full blown C++

0:56:53.491,0:56:55.177
and then compiles it.

0:56:55.177,0:56:57.327
And you can even keep the assembly language

0:56:57.327,0:56:59.142
that was compiled.

0:56:59.142,0:57:01.142
So if you want, you can use the Arduino code

0:57:01.142,0:57:03.939
to see from the function

0:57:03.939,0:57:05.939
to the binary.

0:57:05.939,0:57:08.104
And then you can open the source code

0:57:08.104,0:57:10.104
and go those are DigitalWrite.

0:57:10.104,0:57:12.104
Okay, good. Let's look at

0:57:12.104,0:57:14.422
what DigitalWrite does.

0:57:14.422,0:57:17.180
And by looking at the source code,

0:57:17.180,0:57:20.209
you can then go back and understand

0:57:20.209,0:57:22.209
every single thing that's happening

0:57:22.209,0:57:24.209
to the code down

0:57:24.209,0:57:26.209
to the (metal),

0:57:26.209,0:57:28.209
which is something that you might not

0:57:28.209,0:57:30.209
be able to do without tools because

0:57:30.209,0:57:32.209
they don't know the source or

0:57:32.209,0:57:34.209
the source is insane.

0:57:34.209,0:57:36.461
This may go back in median files.

0:57:38.020,0:57:40.020
So in a lot of schools, they use

0:57:40.020,0:57:42.020
Arduino to teach and make the development

0:57:42.020,0:57:44.188
because if you look at the (APIs),

0:57:44.188,0:57:46.188
the code is so steeple

0:57:46.188,0:57:48.324
that a bachelor student

0:57:48.324,0:57:50.324
can learn everything in a few days

0:57:50.324,0:57:52.592
from high level to

0:57:52.592,0:57:55.448
what happens in the processors.

0:57:55.448,0:58:00.673
So, I think you can make more comp

0:58:00.673,0:58:02.673
make use of more complex Arduino

0:58:02.673,0:58:04.673
where you can use Arduino in a way to

0:58:04.673,0:58:06.924
move to more complicated.

0:58:13.772,0:58:15.772
Oh, question?

0:58:15.772,0:58:17.772
Hi, (I'm Donna). I'm living in here.

0:58:17.772,0:58:19.772
I guess my question is,

0:58:19.772,0:58:21.772
do you have anything to say

0:58:21.772,0:58:23.772
to people who do not appreciate

0:58:23.772,0:58:25.772
the open source culture as much?

0:58:27.662,0:58:29.662
Well,

0:58:29.662,0:58:31.895
I think the people who don't appreciate

0:58:31.895,0:58:33.895
the open source culture

0:58:33.895,0:58:35.895
are becoming less and less.

0:58:35.895,0:58:38.307
And the biggest example to me

0:58:38.307,0:58:40.307
is Microsoft.

0:58:40.307,0:58:42.307
So Microsoft used to be

0:58:42.307,0:58:44.307
officially from the Excel side

0:58:44.307,0:58:46.657
their worst enemy of open source.

0:58:46.657,0:58:48.657
That is the famous Halloween (memo)

0:58:48.657,0:58:50.574
that Gates wrote that's like it makes

0:58:50.574,0:58:52.574
the history of open source.

0:58:52.574,0:58:56.573
And now, I worked with Microsoft.

0:58:56.573,0:58:59.907
They are completely different.

0:58:59.907,0:59:01.907
Now they completely

0:59:01.907,0:59:05.575
they are so sold on their open source concept

0:59:05.575,0:59:07.575
that they say, to me they're now they are

0:59:07.575,0:59:09.575
in open source company.

0:59:09.575,0:59:11.575
They are then selecting big sites

0:59:11.575,0:59:13.391
to protect the source code.

0:59:13.391,0:59:14.941
Before there were a proprietary company,

0:59:14.941,0:59:16.311
selectively releasing.

0:59:16.311,0:59:18.092
They even shutdown the open source

0:59:18.092,0:59:19.713
group they had because now,

0:59:19.713,0:59:21.713
they don't need a separate open source code.

0:59:21.713,0:59:23.713
Every team

0:59:23.713,0:59:25.713
I worked with, releases code.

0:59:25.713,0:59:27.713
They release the code for everything,

0:59:27.713,0:59:30.444
you know, for .net or - so in a way

0:59:30.444,0:59:31.961
that's obviously they don't release

0:59:31.961,0:59:33.961
the code for everything.

0:59:34.394,0:59:37.106
But they're, you know, they made

0:59:37.106,0:59:39.106
a huge transformation because

0:59:39.106,0:59:41.106
this thing, the multiplication,

0:59:41.106,0:59:43.921
the value multiplies with the open source.

0:59:43.921,0:59:46.716
Last year we participated

0:59:46.716,0:59:48.716
in a study that people were making

0:59:48.716,0:59:51.599
about Internet of Things developers.

0:59:51.599,0:59:53.599
And this survey

0:59:53.599,0:59:55.085
was like a worldwide survey

0:59:55.085,0:59:57.085
of thousands of developers.

0:59:57.511,0:59:59.715
And they estimated that there were

0:59:59.715,1:00:03.125
4.5 million people in the world that defined themselves

1:00:03.282,1:00:05.053
as IoT developers

1:00:05.582,1:00:06.789
And they defined it,

1:00:07.504,1:00:11.846
around 80% of them says that,

1:00:12.847,1:00:14.847
either they would only work with open source

1:00:14.962,1:00:16.962
or they only work with open source tools

1:00:17.062,1:00:18.904
or they even, you know,

1:00:19.061,1:00:21.953
imagine to open source part of their technology.

1:00:22.110,1:00:24.110
So in a way right now,

1:00:24.840,1:00:27.874
any say company knows that

1:00:27.960,1:00:29.960
in order to convince developers

1:00:30.046,1:00:31.365
to use your technology,

1:00:31.437,1:00:33.249
you have to make the open source.

1:00:35.466,1:00:37.731
Even in US to make the (inaudible) knowledge

1:00:37.788,1:00:39.904
of (inaudible) so back in the days

1:00:40.605,1:00:41.437
like there was this company

1:00:41.437,1:00:43.741
Broadcom that was making this Wi-Fi module

1:00:43.770,1:00:48.314
that were (inaudible), you know.

1:00:48.323,1:00:50.560
Probably some of the best Wi-Fi chips

1:00:50.803,1:00:53.844
but in documentation it was impossible to get.

1:00:54.330,1:00:55.885
Then they sold this kind of

1:00:57.030,1:00:58.157
(inaudible) to Cypress

1:00:58.186,1:01:00.258
and one of the first thing the Cypress gave was to

1:01:00.272,1:01:03.204
open all the documentation and put (your light).

1:01:04.034,1:01:07.667
And, you know, openness of information

1:01:07.696,1:01:08.741
open source

1:01:10.243,1:01:12.428
clearly multiplies the value of

1:01:12.442,1:01:13.326
whatever you call it.

1:01:14.284,1:01:15.159
If you are doing

1:01:16.304,1:01:17.065
and

1:01:18.567,1:01:20.128
I think there's less and less people

1:01:20.171,1:01:21.829
they can defend

1:01:22.473,1:01:24.069
not to be the open source.

1:01:24.069,1:01:26.842
Clearly there are situations when you should keep some code,

1:01:26.921,1:01:27.658
not open.

1:01:28.640,1:01:29.802
Because I – we have to be

1:01:30.306,1:01:33.795
an expert and admit that open source community

1:01:34.573,1:01:36.071
it is not always

1:01:36.770,1:01:38.415
not always everybody plays

1:01:38.981,1:01:40.519
a fair game.

1:01:41.359,1:01:42.476
There's a lot of people that

1:01:42.909,1:01:44.258
there are basically

1:01:44.559,1:01:46.875
they take from the open source community

1:01:46.946,1:01:48.946
but they don't give anything back.

1:01:49.989,1:01:51.989
Like the people who are making this

1:01:52.387,1:01:54.387
you know, compatible Arduino boards.

1:01:55.519,1:01:56.394
And they're making

1:01:57.137,1:01:59.251
hundreds of thousands of them.

1:02:00.082,1:02:02.461
They are using all the work that we did

1:02:03.151,1:02:05.338
and they don't contribute anything back.

1:02:06.753,1:02:07.962
And if you email them and say,

1:02:08.183,1:02:10.033
“Okay, you're copying Arduino."

1:02:10.033,1:02:11.715
"Can you at least put the files"

1:02:12.413,1:02:13.962
"for the board online?”

1:02:14.563,1:02:16.438
Sometimes there are even provide to you,

1:02:16.535,1:02:18.348
sometimes they'll tell you, you know, get lost.

1:02:19.038,1:02:20.976
So clearly there is a problem right now

1:02:20.976,1:02:23.752
in the open source world that

1:02:26.418,1:02:30.262
there's a lot of people that are more playing safe.

1:02:30.271,1:02:33.323
They are taking from all of us,

1:02:33.915,1:02:35.220
they're also taking money

1:02:35.917,1:02:37.917
but they're not either giving back

1:02:39.403,1:02:40.621
(software) work

1:02:41.099,1:02:43.099
or they're not giving back money.

1:02:44.408,1:02:47.411
So that's one issue we have in that open source world right now

1:02:47.411,1:02:51.105
is to remind people that open source work

1:02:51.105,1:02:52.201
if we both share.

1:02:53.165,1:02:55.165
If only one shares and the other one write

1:02:55.174,1:02:57.174
I mean, or cashes the money,

1:02:57.866,1:02:58.606
you know,

1:02:59.110,1:03:00.082
it doesn't work.

1:03:03.955,1:03:04.441
Yes?

1:03:04.714,1:03:06.980
I'd like to know the role of Arduino right?

1:03:07.007,1:03:08.646
I mean, today is okay,

1:03:08.938,1:03:10.011
you don't really (weary) where you started

1:03:10.011,1:03:11.647
from the time of graduating

1:03:11.682,1:03:14.237
or studying something happening

1:03:14.237,1:03:16.237
became dream of people in the night?

1:03:16.918,1:03:19.649
No, no. It took many, many years.

1:03:20.908,1:03:23.395
At the beginning I think,

1:03:24.376,1:03:28.490
me and my co-founder David Cuartielles,

1:03:28.517,1:03:32.090
we put the grand total of 700 euros,

1:03:33.248,1:03:35.311
which will probably like a thousand dollar

1:03:35.338,1:03:37.807
to buy one

1:03:38.523,1:03:41.814
a few - 300 PCBs

1:03:42.202,1:03:44.549
that people could use to assemble their own Arduino.

1:03:45.849,1:03:46.584
And then

1:03:47.795,1:03:49.257
after while we kind of have

1:03:49.681,1:03:55.166
some money together to build 100 USB Arduinos fully mounted

1:03:55.996,1:03:58.272
and it was very (slow) at the beginning,

1:03:58.369,1:03:59.846
you know, it's slowly.

1:04:00.332,1:04:02.888
We spent a lot of time explaining to people

1:04:02.897,1:04:04.454
what Arduino was

1:04:05.506,1:04:07.506
and so it was very gradual.

1:04:11.044,1:04:14.024
So I remember that in 2006

1:04:14.458,1:04:17.207
when we sold the first 10,000 Arduino,

1:04:17.251,1:04:20.088
made an – wrote an article on it,

1:04:20.486,1:04:22.673
because it was like a big news.

1:04:22.708,1:04:25.017
Even maker community in 2006

1:04:25.565,1:04:28.866
somebody selling 10,000 units

1:04:29.529,1:04:31.809
was like, you know, when Apple makes the MAC book

1:04:31.914,1:04:34.146
it was, oh my, god 10,000 units.

1:04:35.119,1:04:37.340
So it was very, very, very slow.

1:04:38.313,1:04:40.922
And it required a lot of work from our pipeline.

1:04:40.922,1:04:44.382
At the beginning, we spent and stay amount

1:04:44.417,1:04:45.360
going around Europe

1:04:45.936,1:04:48.194
convincing people to use Arduino,

1:04:48.194,1:04:50.194
teaching free workshops, you know,

1:04:50.875,1:04:52.646
speaking on somebody's floor

1:04:54.114,1:04:55.302
and doing those kind of stuff

1:04:55.373,1:04:58.380
to get people to adopt Arduino.

1:05:01.102,1:05:02.330
And working on the website

1:05:02.374,1:05:04.507
to make the documentation accessible.

1:05:05.148,1:05:06.165
And then slowly,

1:05:06.729,1:05:08.585
some people start to use Arduino,

1:05:08.640,1:05:10.449
they start to build good projects.

1:05:10.814,1:05:13.137
It's not to share the fact that they use Arduino

1:05:13.205,1:05:14.336
to build those projects

1:05:14.347,1:05:16.347
and the people say, “Oh, wow. What's Arduino?”

1:05:16.381,1:05:19.678
And then it got a multiplying effect.

1:05:22.865,1:05:23.524
So,

1:05:25.805,1:05:27.484
you know, now it's 11 years

1:05:27.484,1:05:29.484
that we have released Arduino.

1:05:29.501,1:05:30.372
And so

1:05:31.577,1:05:33.429
it takes a few years

1:05:33.429,1:05:35.429
and at the beginning they were a lot of people,

1:05:35.452,1:05:37.362
they're like, why are you doing this?

1:05:37.373,1:05:38.075
this is stupid.

1:05:38.642,1:05:39.673
So

1:05:41.513,1:05:44.126
but if the people who are doing that professional development.

1:05:44.828,1:05:46.253
They're like – we know this is stupid

1:05:46.344,1:05:48.492
why you're wasting your time with this?

1:05:50.083,1:05:50.465
Yes?

1:05:50.539,1:05:53.588
Are you saying completely aware of the electronic

1:05:53.622,1:05:55.622
potency we've seen on the internet

1:05:55.690,1:05:57.690
when you came across the designer?

1:05:58.324,1:06:00.324
They feel (inaudible).

1:06:00.539,1:06:03.082
Yes. There's a lot of projects in that area.

1:06:03.156,1:06:05.630
That's actually a product called Arduino (MKR)

1:06:05.625,1:06:08.275
-that the people deals a lot for that.[br]-We believe in (pipeline)

1:06:08.332,1:06:11.309
anything that goes (inaudible) to impress you in any way.

1:06:13.391,1:06:15.510
There's a lot of nice projects that are based on

1:06:15.510,1:06:18.362
like turning, maybe closing into light displays

1:06:18.509,1:06:21.390
or using them as sensor to make music or stuff.

1:06:21.843,1:06:24.008
I mean, there's a nice – a lot of nice things like that.

1:06:24.251,1:06:27.293
But there was fashion designer from Milan.

1:06:27.287,1:06:29.219
She made this corsett

1:06:29.242,1:06:30.463
that uses

1:06:31.295,1:06:32.532
(inaudible)

1:06:32.560,1:06:35.897
it's like a special metal that contract and expand.

1:06:36.152,1:06:39.758
So that this kind of the corsett expands and contracts,

1:06:40.544,1:06:42.544
teaching you how to breathe properly

1:06:43.687,1:06:45.687
or it uses sensors

1:06:45.801,1:06:48.494
to gather like air quality and stuff like that

1:06:48.571,1:06:49.687
and is going to use that

1:06:49.823,1:06:50.889
so they're (inaudible).

1:06:50.901,1:06:52.901
So (inaudible) because that they're

1:06:53.286,1:06:55.615
the concept was going to strain data,

1:06:56.237,1:06:57.146
but it was also kind of

1:06:57.169,1:06:59.169
ng you how to breathe properly.

1:06:59.628,1:07:02.002
So there are some interesting projects

1:07:02.280,1:07:03.084
like that.

1:07:03.452,1:07:04.919
I think right now

1:07:05.293,1:07:06.834
the problem is that

1:07:07.462,1:07:10.320
their technology is still a little bit rudimentary.

1:07:10.914,1:07:13.372
So this process about various people

1:07:13.824,1:07:15.762
there is not a lot of

1:07:16.487,1:07:18.198
a lot of projects are

1:07:19.596,1:07:22.017
made with like connecting and updating it

1:07:22.051,1:07:23.200
to a lot of means

1:07:23.639,1:07:25.685
and they build it up flashing in your face.

1:07:27.120,1:07:29.733
So I wouldn't really define that as spectrum.

1:07:30.851,1:07:32.629
This kind of, you know, they’re kind of techie.

1:07:33.433,1:07:35.236
There's no like in the real work

1:07:36.699,1:07:39.608
to use that impression properly.

1:07:39.608,1:07:41.878
So there still a lot of work to do also on the tools.

1:07:41.948,1:07:44.253
The tools that have been too rudimentary

1:07:44.269,1:07:45.135
they're not

1:07:45.597,1:07:46.650
also

1:07:47.729,1:07:49.243
the electronics

1:07:50.465,1:07:51.979


1:07:51.979,1:07:53.554
this mean you cannot already take that clothing

1:07:53.623,1:07:55.623
and put it into the washing machine.

1:07:55.692,1:07:58.364
So, you know, there's still quite a bit of work to do

1:07:58.410,1:08:00.456
to make a next step after

1:08:01.026,1:08:02.601
this generation of products

1:08:03.263,1:08:04.907
which were a brilliant work

1:08:04.946,1:08:08.135
by this woman called (Julia Beacon).

1:08:09.160,1:08:10.881
And (inaudible) with (her) work

1:08:10.881,1:08:12.881
but especially they have the same

1:08:13.844,1:08:16.006
faith in re-progressing, of that.

1:08:18.578,1:08:18.934
Yes.

1:08:19.595,1:08:20.206
Oh yeah, you.

1:08:20.876,1:08:21.925
-Hi.[br]-Hi.

1:08:23.256,1:08:25.256
If you meet somebody who has no

1:08:25.493,1:08:27.966
(inaudible) what real. What is he going to (inaudible)?

1:08:28.064,1:08:28.670
Oh wow.

1:08:28.701,1:08:29.337
Yes

1:08:29.337,1:08:31.160
it's another thing that I should

1:08:32.439,1:08:34.001
well, you know, to me

1:08:35.688,1:08:37.776
Arduino is a tool

1:08:37.776,1:08:39.522
that allows people to use electronic

1:08:39.545,1:08:41.019
as a creative means.

1:08:41.566,1:08:42.978
So maybe it's a little bit too

1:08:43.509,1:08:44.425
but in a way you know,

1:08:45.033,1:08:46.499
if it allows people

1:08:46.514,1:08:47.544
with no backgrounds

1:08:47.689,1:08:49.326
in electronics software

1:08:49.564,1:08:51.265
to be able to use electronics

1:08:51.502,1:08:53.087
to be creative anyhow.

1:08:53.881,1:08:55.011
And so,

1:08:56.267,1:08:58.390
I never really perfected

1:08:58.390,1:09:00.319
a better electrical (pitch)

1:09:00.366,1:09:03.067
because people also use Arduino

1:09:03.104,1:09:04.586
for all sorts of different things

1:09:04.586,1:09:07.294
so my generic elevator of pitch

1:09:07.340,1:09:09.573
sometime they don't apply to what they do.

1:09:09.715,1:09:11.947
So depending on who I talk to,

1:09:12.462,1:09:13.292
I gave them

1:09:13.292,1:09:16.421
I give them a different interpretation.

1:09:17.261,1:09:19.161
But to me it's a tool that enables people

1:09:19.161,1:09:22.066
with no background in electronics

1:09:22.127,1:09:24.986
or programming to use electronics

1:09:24.986,1:09:28.242
to be creative and innovative.

1:09:29.305,1:09:31.305
That's like a generic pitch.

1:09:34.024,1:09:34.452
Yes.

1:09:35.191,1:09:37.191
We often see a lot (projects) that

1:09:37.214,1:09:39.644
are amazing, that I believe.

1:09:39.644,1:09:41.853
But how about – can you tell us a project

1:09:41.853,1:09:43.707
that you’ve done yourself

1:09:43.745,1:09:44.649
that you're very proud of,

1:09:44.741,1:09:46.741
that is very significant to you?

1:09:47.095,1:09:49.095
Oh, wow. Yeah.

1:09:51.337,1:09:52.649
It hits me.

1:09:54.967,1:09:56.348
I have a strange relationship

1:09:56.388,1:09:57.995
with projects that (give light).

1:09:58.871,1:10:01.953
So when I stopped teaching in Ivrea,

1:10:02.177,1:10:03.133
because the school closed.

1:10:05.537,1:10:07.462
And before Arduino was able to give me

1:10:07.462,1:10:10.175
enough money to make a living,

1:10:10.399,1:10:11.760
I did a lot of projects.

1:10:11.837,1:10:14.278
I was working a lot in exhibition design

1:10:14.679,1:10:15.338
in Milan.

1:10:15.800,1:10:17.136
And so in Milan

1:10:17.136,1:10:19.500
there was a number of events

1:10:19.863,1:10:23.264
where people build these traditions of different kinds.

1:10:23.279,1:10:26.153
So I was building a lot of those kind of interacting exhibition.

1:10:29.678,1:10:32.686
So that's when I did like the most projects.

1:10:32.817,1:10:35.962
Then there's a number of things

1:10:35.962,1:10:38.479
I did with my students.

1:10:39.850,1:10:40.382
So in a way now,

1:10:40.421,1:10:41.890
I did – as new project

1:10:41.890,1:10:43.890
that are mostly for me or for work

1:10:43.890,1:10:45.890
or understanding was needed.

1:10:46.668,1:10:48.483
I think one of the interesting project I did

1:10:48.622,1:10:51.313
back in the days when we were drafting Arduino,

1:10:51.313,1:10:53.005
that with one of my friends

1:10:53.205,1:10:55.205
who was a student back then.

1:10:55.351,1:10:57.074
We developed the wallpaper.

1:10:57.328,1:10:58.832
They can work as a display.

1:10:59.425,1:11:00.913
So there – a wallpaper,

1:11:01.067,1:11:03.714
it's like a space – this was (a display).

1:11:04.392,1:11:06.392
So especially imagine there was a wall,

1:11:06.392,1:11:08.515
it was like 4 meter by 2 meter

1:11:09.077,1:11:10.417
covered in wallpaper.

1:11:10.779,1:11:11.258
But then,

1:11:12.098,1:11:15.074
you could turn the paper from black to white

1:11:15.829,1:11:17.510
and they were every pieces,

1:11:17.510,1:11:19.510
it was like 50 – yeah,

1:11:20.257,1:11:22.715
like 5 centimeters basically

1:11:22.715,1:11:24.119
and you could use it as a display.

1:11:24.204,1:11:25.515
You could write things on the wall.

1:11:25.553,1:11:28.263
And we developed that for Prada

1:11:29.203,1:11:32.846
for their store in Beverly Hills.

1:11:33.755,1:11:35.461
Well, we developed it as

1:11:35.877,1:11:38.505
this is product of the student value (that you will see)

1:11:39.187,1:11:40.929
and then after that they showed it to Prada,

1:11:40.960,1:11:42.575
Prada gave us money to develop it.

1:11:43.191,1:11:43.776
Then in the end

1:11:43.784,1:11:45.444
they didn’t put it into the store

1:11:47.362,1:11:50.751
but this - you had a 4 meter by 2 meter

1:11:51.136,1:11:53.278
prototype and we (inaudible) all of control.

1:11:53.640,1:11:55.532
And one of the application was that

1:11:55.586,1:11:57.286
people will send you a text message

1:11:57.640,1:12:00.254
and it say Arduino was to read the text message

1:12:00.587,1:12:02.260
and display on their wallpaper

1:12:03.132,1:12:05.132
as a big gigantic message.

1:12:06.158,1:12:07.254
That one was a

1:12:09.979,1:12:11.361
that one was a

1:12:11.402,1:12:14.329
I have – we – that we worked on it a lot to develop

1:12:14.329,1:12:16.572
those technology to be able to control (the pixels)

1:12:16.594,1:12:18.754
and that we did a lot of work on that.

1:12:21.082,1:12:21.445
Yes?

1:12:22.102,1:12:24.102
You are (Arduino), what was your

1:12:24.952,1:12:27.545
to drivers into entrepreneur to maybe

1:12:27.545,1:12:29.545
make idea to a reality?

1:12:29.629,1:12:31.629
And what is your advice on that (issue)?

1:12:31.771,1:12:33.771
Young entrepreneur.

1:12:35.450,1:12:38.000
When we – when I started working on Arduino,

1:12:38.000,1:12:41.840
essentially I joined this design school.

1:12:42.285,1:12:43.562
And I was teaching students

1:12:43.580,1:12:44.840
how to use electronics.

1:12:45.070,1:12:46.856
And the tools were kind of, you know,

1:12:47.246,1:12:49.246
even if they only work on Windows,

1:12:49.916,1:12:51.916
they were expensive.

1:12:55.070,1:12:57.070
And also there was this problem that

1:12:58.191,1:13:00.191
we use the (board) with a basic stack

1:13:00.268,1:13:01.849
which was a genius idea

1:13:01.849,1:13:02.685
when it came out

1:13:02.745,1:13:03.934
but the problem was that

1:13:04.286,1:13:05.787
bought tickets from the US,

1:13:05.897,1:13:07.089
go to view this everything.

1:13:07.545,1:13:09.050
It will be something that would

1:13:09.462,1:13:11.953
be less powerful than an Arduino mini.

1:13:12.689,1:13:14.166
It cost us $100.

1:13:15.858,1:13:17.111
And for that time

1:13:17.111,1:13:18.666
it was considered a fairly cheap

1:13:19.122,1:13:20.336
piece of artwork

1:13:20.479,1:13:22.248
because everything else that need

1:13:22.413,1:13:23.860
kind of better development

1:13:23.860,1:13:25.152
was much more expensive.

1:13:26.366,1:13:27.444
So the problem was that

1:13:27.483,1:13:29.345
if a student buys something

1:13:29.373,1:13:31.098
that costs $100.

1:13:31.664,1:13:32.364
They're not going to make

1:13:32.364,1:13:33.558
a lot of prototypes

1:13:33.558,1:13:35.361
because it going to be costly – they’re afraid of

1:13:35.393,1:13:36.242
blowing things up.

1:13:37.077,1:13:38.528
And especially don’t do prototypes

1:13:38.577,1:13:40.037
and they're afraid, they don't make it

1:13:40.136,1:13:42.434
because the only way to have a good idea

1:13:42.434,1:13:45.187
is to have 99 shitty ideas

1:13:45.698,1:13:46.887
and then suddenly like

1:13:46.920,1:13:48.920
idea number 100 and oh, wow!

1:13:48.920,1:13:49.506
This is good.

1:13:50.292,1:13:50.911
But

1:13:51.296,1:13:52.861
it's not like you wake up in the morning

1:13:52.861,1:13:54.355
and the first idea is good.

1:13:54.355,1:13:58.282
You have to go through the 99 crap ideas

1:13:58.503,1:14:00.841
in order to get to number 100.

1:14:00.976,1:14:02.740
So you need to make a lot of prototypes.

1:14:02.762,1:14:03.911
So you need to be unafraid

1:14:04.388,1:14:05.449
of blowing things up.

1:14:05.915,1:14:08.366
You need to be in a position that you feel

1:14:08.366,1:14:09.801
you can fix those, so that it's (true).

1:14:09.829,1:14:11.829
So that's why you are doing those elastic chips

1:14:11.852,1:14:12.797
that you can replace.

1:14:13.848,1:14:14.891
So we started to

1:14:14.891,1:14:16.891
I started to build tools for my students

1:14:16.914,1:14:19.020
first with the big chips

1:14:19.413,1:14:21.622
and (inaudible) and the students did the thesis

1:14:21.729,1:14:24.316
where we started using the (AVRs).

1:14:24.361,1:14:26.361
And then we developed like

1:14:26.361,1:14:28.361
like the part of the

1:14:28.507,1:14:29.251
part of their

1:14:29.527,1:14:31.527
some of the commands in Arduino.

1:14:32.004,1:14:33.586
Then we made I believe

1:14:33.586,1:14:34.830
so in a way, it was kind of a

1:14:35.195,1:14:35.672
we did

1:14:35.672,1:14:38.121
there was an identifiable problem.

1:14:39.087,1:14:42.513
The identifiable problem was not immediately

1:14:42.558,1:14:44.558
there's belief there's something that could make money.

1:14:46.260,1:14:48.046
So, sometimes when you try to create

1:14:48.153,1:14:49.210
something successful.

1:14:51.519,1:14:53.684
You have to define the problem

1:14:54.222,1:14:57.135
try to kind of work toward solving that problem.

1:14:57.702,1:14:58.082
But

1:14:59.301,1:15:01.301
don't be limited by the fact that,

1:15:01.363,1:15:03.363
now you cannot make money

1:15:04.925,1:15:05.867
because

1:15:06.946,1:15:08.297
back in those days,

1:15:08.892,1:15:10.892
there was a perception that it was not

1:15:10.982,1:15:12.982
money to be made with Arduino

1:15:13.482,1:15:16.727
because professional developers thought

1:15:16.739,1:15:18.407
that it wasn’t something they would use.

1:15:19.429,1:15:20.822
Now the issue is,

1:15:21.867,1:15:23.867
if those are not your customers,

1:15:24.288,1:15:25.712
you don't care what they think.

1:15:26.336,1:15:27.724
So they made fun of us.

1:15:27.724,1:15:29.651
And they said that we were stupid

1:15:29.651,1:15:31.342
and we made people stupid

1:15:31.393,1:15:33.006
because Arduino was stupid

1:15:33.180,1:15:35.058
and the examples are we got

1:15:35.058,1:15:37.261
and the web is great because (some states).

1:15:38.344,1:15:40.688
So the people who told me that Arduino

1:15:40.688,1:15:45.298
who was a – baby talk language for Pot heads

1:15:46.241,1:15:47.115
which you know

1:15:47.115,1:15:49.115
because a lot of Americans obviously see

1:15:49.148,1:15:52.033
artists are people who smoke drugs (noh).

1:15:52.165,1:15:54.701
And somebody defined Arduino

1:15:55.426,1:15:59.230
a tool for art is women and painters.

1:16:00.167,1:16:02.754
It was like, what the – you know.

1:16:02.754,1:16:04.264
So there was a lot of

1:16:04.653,1:16:06.540
(let’s call it) racist

1:16:06.533,1:16:08.619
who are making stuff (simple)

1:16:09.008,1:16:11.771
for people and, you know.

1:16:14.060,1:16:15.562
So the professional developers

1:16:15.569,1:16:16.746
thought it was a stupid idea

1:16:16.759,1:16:18.023
but that (was) not the market.

1:16:18.399,1:16:20.524
So then we ended up creating

1:16:21.302,1:16:23.865
millions of people who do embedded development

1:16:24.241,1:16:26.136
that completely outnumber

1:16:26.433,1:16:28.115
the professional developers.

1:16:28.913,1:16:30.913
And now they challenged

1:16:31.829,1:16:32.324
their market

1:16:33.538,1:16:35.538
because some people started to realize that,

1:16:35.538,1:16:36.996
you know, a lot of problems

1:16:37.082,1:16:38.838
can be solved with Arduino.

1:16:38.897,1:16:39.866
you don’t need a

1:16:40.433,1:16:42.433
and so in a way sometimes

1:16:42.644,1:16:44.644
if you are a young entrepreneur

1:16:45.541,1:16:48.002
you should – you should not be

1:16:48.002,1:16:49.715
you should not be limited by the fact that

1:16:49.959,1:16:51.959
the current way of doing something

1:16:51.959,1:16:53.694
tells you that your project

1:16:53.734,1:16:54.685
might not have success

1:16:54.685,1:16:56.369
because maybe you're trying to work

1:16:56.442,1:16:57.984
towards another group of people

1:16:59.096,1:17:00.692
that haven't understood yet

1:17:00.692,1:17:02.447
that their tools is changing their life.

1:17:03.946,1:17:04.416
So

1:17:06.636,1:17:07.979
clearly that requires that

1:17:07.979,1:17:10.029
you maybe have another way to support

1:17:10.029,1:17:13.268
your income while people understand what you do.

1:17:13.814,1:17:15.807
Okay. Can I have last question?

1:17:15.807,1:17:17.224
Oh wow, last question.

1:17:17.335,1:17:19.645
-It’s important now that I (inaudible).[br]-Very important

1:17:23.736,1:17:25.211
Okay now, I will have

1:17:25.610,1:17:27.171
Last question? Yes?

1:17:27.391,1:17:30.805
Yes, so the question now come

1:17:31.152,1:17:32.258
which relates to business.

1:17:32.258,1:17:34.436
I guess so, I mean okay,

1:17:34.436,1:17:37.282
original having genius create something

1:17:37.765,1:17:39.814
because of your journey,

1:17:39.875,1:17:41.544
in a sense it was not a (inaudible)

1:17:42.872,1:17:44.872
because yeah, well, you know,

1:17:44.872,1:17:46.535
Engineering, cool stuff.

1:17:46.535,1:17:48.535
I mean okay, it's firm, it's working,

1:17:48.552,1:17:50.876
it works well, it works (now)

1:17:51.079,1:17:52.527
there's program that (involves).

1:17:52.663,1:17:55.006
Marketing has a limited different approach.

1:17:55.015,1:17:57.046
You know, it's a bit maybe

1:17:57.071,1:17:59.241
from creativity what you can not say,

1:17:59.241,1:18:03.248
-but why did you (inaudible) is back? [br]-Mm hmm.

1:18:03.502,1:18:06.300
Yes, so what was the journey of your team

1:18:06.300,1:18:08.714
particular in this part?

1:18:08.773,1:18:12.731
Well, so it’s serious, you know,

1:18:12.731,1:18:16.176
I have a background in engineering.

1:18:16.445,1:18:18.445
I started electrical engineering

1:18:18.977,1:18:20.977
for then I dropped out university

1:18:20.977,1:18:22.494
so I actually don't have a degree

1:18:23.421,1:18:24.317
which is kind of funny.

1:18:24.317,1:18:25.869
Actually I do have a degree now

1:18:25.903,1:18:28.555
but it’s (inaudible) ceremonial.

1:18:28.614,1:18:29.719
-I have a[br]-Oh no. No.

1:18:30.000,1:18:31.352
I have a honorary degree

1:18:31.401,1:18:35.422
I have an honorary PhD in English.

1:18:35.434,1:18:38.254
You know, it was a funny getting education.

1:18:38.271,1:18:41.152
But for me, when that happened

1:18:41.819,1:18:42.754
some of my friends were like,

1:18:42.754,1:18:44.754
“Oh no, they didn't give you a....”

1:18:45.053,1:18:45.569
that's what a

1:18:45.569,1:18:47.006
that's exactly this people

1:18:47.006,1:18:48.259
they understood.

1:18:48.710,1:18:50.440
This is not about electronics,

1:18:50.440,1:18:51.632
it's not about software.

1:18:51.736,1:18:55.459
It's about tools for teaching people about

1:18:56.093,1:18:57.773
I was very honored to receive that

1:18:57.773,1:18:58.962
the University of Bath.

1:18:59.681,1:19:01.746
I get to dress like (Andre Diaz).

1:19:01.746,1:19:04.535
It was kind of like an (avid) Harry Potter's situation,

1:19:04.689,1:19:06.689
where you can kind of walk in to the abbey.

1:19:06.982,1:19:08.566
You know, and I was like “Wow!”

1:19:08.827,1:19:10.357
You know, so it’s kind of a weird.

1:19:10.400,1:19:12.400
Well, getting there, I was super honored.

1:19:13.139,1:19:15.570
The other guy who got the honorary degree was saying

1:19:15.570,1:19:18.228
that he was John Cleese

1:19:18.409,1:19:20.537
from, you know, from Monty Python.

1:19:20.521,1:19:22.811
So, that was very good – very cool.

1:19:23.592,1:19:25.079
So apart from me not carrying a degree,

1:19:25.715,1:19:28.344
I did software for a long time

1:19:30.761,1:19:32.414
but I always work with designers.

1:19:32.787,1:19:34.341
And also being from Milan,

1:19:34.357,1:19:36.310
I always kind of had new people

1:19:36.310,1:19:37.707
that were either designers

1:19:37.707,1:19:39.707
or worked as designers,

1:19:40.580,1:19:42.012
I (date) a designer.

1:19:42.128,1:19:43.357
So you know it – in a way that was

1:19:43.671,1:19:44.864
I was in a way

1:19:45.455,1:19:47.795
at the crossroad of being an engineer

1:19:48.221,1:19:50.017
but understanding what designers do,

1:19:50.060,1:19:51.586
appreciating what they do

1:19:53.487,1:19:54.409
and working with them

1:19:54.473,1:19:56.473
because we need – I need a lot of websites

1:19:56.686,1:19:58.686
in my past career

1:19:58.686,1:20:00.814
so I was working with graphics designers.

1:20:02.859,1:20:04.640
So that's why when I went to (Kiev)

1:20:04.699,1:20:07.967
they interview to go to this school in Ivrea.

1:20:09.107,1:20:11.997
And they try to keep asking this quick questions

1:20:12.167,1:20:14.167
to see if I understood about design

1:20:14.209,1:20:15.925
and I was able to, you know,

1:20:15.994,1:20:17.710
to show that I understood

1:20:17.710,1:20:20.052
enough of design to be there.

1:20:20.505,1:20:22.505
So in a way

1:20:27.277,1:20:29.074
this thing was created

1:20:29.138,1:20:31.621
(at least) at the beginning not for in here

1:20:31.621,1:20:34.521
it was never the idea to create this for engineers.

1:20:34.521,1:20:37.619
It’s always for people that are not engineers.

1:20:37.640,1:20:39.640
The engineers already know how to use it, you know.

1:20:40.413,1:20:41.879
They already know how to do stuffs.

1:20:41.879,1:20:42.591
So they don't need

1:20:43.028,1:20:43.888
they didn't

1:20:44.155,1:20:45.150
they don't need Arduino

1:20:45.186,1:20:45.797
barely use it.

1:20:46.798,1:20:47.777
That's how engineers

1:20:47.777,1:20:49.339
they use Arduino in the closet.

1:20:50.505,1:20:51.813
They don't tell their families,

1:20:51.834,1:20:53.145
they don't tell their friends.

1:20:53.145,1:20:54.836
But then they use it

1:20:55.358,1:20:58.740
because my theory that Arduino helps

1:20:58.777,1:21:00.277
makes beginner

1:21:00.277,1:21:01.659
enables beginners

1:21:02.085,1:21:03.587
and speeds up engineers.

1:21:03.592,1:21:05.592
So I know engineers that they use Arduino

1:21:06.002,1:21:08.002
to kind of sketch something very quickly

1:21:09.030,1:21:11.314
and then they – they revealed in some other tool

1:21:11.314,1:21:13.314
they use for work.

1:21:13.314,1:21:14.475
But Arduino needs to speak.

1:21:15.045,1:21:17.200
So to beginners, it gives you simplicity,

1:21:17.269,1:21:19.269
so professionals give us speed.

1:21:20.574,1:21:21.956
So in a way it was

1:21:22.116,1:21:23.875
that was a real thing, you know like it's

1:21:24.099,1:21:26.099
an embedded development tool

1:21:26.307,1:21:27.829
creating the designs

1:21:29.470,1:21:32.441
by technically a guy that never graduated.

1:21:33.223,1:21:37.027
An engineer was also some of kind of anarchist

1:21:37.143,1:21:39.143
ou know, my friend (David Marquez).

1:21:39.676,1:21:42.750
A guy whose degree is in theater like

1:21:43.496,1:21:44.109
(Sigel)

1:21:44.675,1:21:46.724
with features of the ITP before

1:21:46.724,1:21:48.326
learning about, you know,

1:21:48.343,1:21:49.985
going to Masters at NYU.

1:21:50.148,1:21:52.241
He was doing (lighting in theater).

1:21:53.324,1:21:55.324
So, if not

1:21:55.651,1:21:57.651
there was actually group of random people

1:21:57.651,1:21:59.651
with weird ideas.

1:22:00.143,1:22:01.812
So

1:22:01.893,1:22:04.476
I guess – I don’t know if I answered you question.

1:22:04.476,1:22:06.018
More or less...?

1:22:06.018,1:22:07.640
-No, that's your experience, you know.[br]-Yeah.

1:22:07.654,1:22:09.166
also I have to say, it seems to be

1:22:09.166,1:22:11.166
the use of the word “marketing”.

1:22:11.551,1:22:13.448
Because there are some cases

1:22:13.501,1:22:14.222
when I have to

1:22:14.222,1:22:16.480
when I deal with some, some north,

1:22:16.480,1:22:17.348
some engineers.

1:22:18.078,1:22:20.153
They consider the word “marketing”

1:22:20.153,1:22:21.463
like some kind of an insult.

1:22:21.659,1:22:22.367
Oh yeah.

1:22:22.549,1:22:23.748
These are all marketing.

1:22:23.768,1:22:26.544
It's like stating “Your mother has questionable moral”

1:22:28.261,1:22:29.191
you know, it's

1:22:30.718,1:22:31.706
while effectively,

1:22:32.294,1:22:35.518
the real problem of everything

1:22:35.518,1:22:37.114
that you create in life,

1:22:37.236,1:22:39.236
you said this, nobody knows

1:22:39.236,1:22:40.321
that you are a genius.

1:22:41.236,1:22:43.054
If you are a genius by yourself

1:22:43.108,1:22:45.603
in your room it doesn't help anybody.

1:22:46.346,1:22:47.429
You will be frustrated,

1:22:47.442,1:22:48.738
because if you think you’re a genius

1:22:48.738,1:22:50.420
and nobody understands what you do

1:22:50.791,1:22:51.469
so you

1:22:51.570,1:22:53.478
so you do something that's useful

1:22:53.513,1:22:54.943
that adds to society.

1:22:55.416,1:22:57.335
It is your duty to spend time,

1:22:57.335,1:22:58.812
explaining to people

1:22:59.880,1:23:00.550
what you do.

1:23:00.989,1:23:02.928
And if people don't understand what you do.

1:23:02.996,1:23:04.996
It's not their fault, it's your fault.

1:23:05.442,1:23:07.977
If few people don't understand what you say

1:23:07.977,1:23:08.522
and what you do.

1:23:08.569,1:23:09.506
It's your fault.

1:23:10.735,1:23:11.474
You can not say,

1:23:11.474,1:23:13.474
“Oh, nobody understands I’m a genius.”

1:23:13.474,1:23:17.347
No, you are a bad communicator.

1:23:17.644,1:23:20.796
Nobody understands what you are to society

1:23:21.175,1:23:23.175
because you don't able to explain.

1:23:23.418,1:23:26.108
And then obviously engineers know that’s not it.

1:23:27.790,1:23:28.851
To me it's about,

1:23:29.040,1:23:30.471
you know, if you have ideas

1:23:30.870,1:23:32.093
they need to be communicated.

1:23:32.093,1:23:35.692
You need to convince people to adopt these ideas.

1:23:36.582,1:23:38.412
That's why sometimes people adopt

1:23:38.731,1:23:40.747
stupid ideas because there are people

1:23:40.747,1:23:42.855
that have very little capability to think

1:23:43.262,1:23:45.262
but they’re really good at selling

1:23:46.106,1:23:47.436
their shitty ideas.

1:23:48.152,1:23:50.317
So we need more intelligent people

1:23:50.317,1:23:53.300
that are also able to sell intelligently,

1:23:53.321,1:23:56.944
otherwise the world will adopt stupid ideas.

1:23:57.887,1:23:58.655
That's the

1:23:58.734,1:23:59.749
Like Arduino.

1:24:01.142,1:24:03.242
Oh, maybe like Arduino, yes.

1:24:04.672,1:24:06.672
You know, other people will do projects

1:24:06.880,1:24:09.451
that challenge the status quo in a certain

1:24:10.130,1:24:12.727
area of human society.

1:24:13.521,1:24:14.682
And people will say

1:24:14.683,1:24:17.481
“Oh, that is stupid. And doesn’t you know,"

1:24:17.662,1:24:18.878
"doesn’t make any sense”.

1:24:18.878,1:24:21.003
So obviously, you have to be prepared,

1:24:21.288,1:24:22.755
you know, I need to get a lot of criticism

1:24:22.910,1:24:25.670
people write me hate emails, you know.

1:24:26.054,1:24:27.165
People email me like

1:24:27.165,1:24:29.974
"Oh, I hope they give our shitty company fails”.

1:24:30.072,1:24:32.072
“I want to see you cry.”

1:24:34.570,1:24:35.714
You know, so

1:24:37.247,1:24:39.621
anyway, thank you.

1:24:39.917,1:24:41.917
Thank you for that.

1:24:45.333,1:24:47.333
Okay, (the thing with Arduino time)

1:24:47.333,1:24:49.333
and I just want to invite anyone

1:24:49.804,1:24:51.804
who would like, you know

1:24:51.804,1:24:54.646
express a form of gratitude

1:24:54.847,1:24:57.555
how Arduino have changed your life.

1:24:57.778,1:24:59.778
And this is – this is important because...