[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.96,0:00:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(MUSIC). My initial research and observational learning Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.86,0:00:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,centered on the social modeling of aggression. Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.94,0:00:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our experiment, Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.36,0:00:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preschool children observed an adult model Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.62,0:00:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beat up an inflated Bobo Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.35,0:00:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doll Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.79,0:00:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in novel ways. Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.75,0:00:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She pummeled it with a mallet, Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.74,0:00:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flung it in the air, Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.82,0:00:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kicked it repeatedly, Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.73,0:00:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and threw it down and beat it. Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.75,0:00:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these novel acts were embellished with hostile remarks. Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.91,0:01:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The children were then left in the playroom Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.65,0:01:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had a variety of toys. Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.23,0:01:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the children who had observed the aggressive modeling Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.34,0:01:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adopted much of it. Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.02,0:01:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They even invented new ways for attacking the doll. Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.70,0:01:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children who had not observed the adult model Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.85,0:01:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were less aggressive and never hit the Bobo Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.44,0:01:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doll in the novel ways that were bottled. Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.40,0:01:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The children who had been exposed to the aggressive modeling Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.97,0:01:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed an increased attraction to guns Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.66,0:01:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though the adult model never used them. Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.42,0:01:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time we did this research, Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.16,0:01:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was widely believed that seeing others venting aggression Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.36,0:01:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would drain away the viewer's aggressive drive. Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.70,0:01:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.06,0:02:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exposure to modeled aggression is hardly cathartic. Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.02,0:02:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Televised violence has four major effects. Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.76,0:02:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It teaches aggressive styles of behavior, Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.08,0:02:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weakens restraints over aggression, Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.67,0:02:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,desensitizes and habituates viewers to human cruelty Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.46,0:02:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shapes viewers images of reality. Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.10,0:02:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the enormous advances in the technology of communication, Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.03,0:02:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,observational learning from the symbolic environment Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.73,0:02:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is placing an increasingly powerful role Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.04,0:02:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in people's everyday lives. Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.63,0:02:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human attitudes, Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.20,0:02:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,values, Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.76,0:02:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,styles of behavior Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.36,0:02:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now being modeled worldwide. Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.11,0:02:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result, Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.66,0:02:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,televised modeling Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.42,0:03:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is becoming an influential vehicle for political Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.87,0:03:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and social change. Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.91,0:03:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now have global broadcasts Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.78,0:03:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of societal conflicts Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.56,0:03:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they are happening.