1
00:00:10,459 --> 00:00:12,168
吃什麼，是什麼

2
00:00:12,185 --> 00:00:15,194
多少人真正知道，
我們吃下了什麼？

3
00:00:15,424 --> 00:00:17,379
多少人知道，食物進入我們
的盤子之前，對環境的影響？

4
00:00:17,380 --> 00:00:20,434
=

5
00:00:20,435 --> 00:00:22,310
多少人知道，農夫務農，
對本身造成什麼影響？

6
00:00:22,311 --> 00:00:25,936
=

7
00:00:26,300 --> 00:00:28,663
你知道嗎？你想過嗎？

8
00:00:29,798 --> 00:00:32,290
你可曾在吃飯的時候想過，
農夫過著什麼樣的日子？

9
00:00:32,292 --> 00:00:34,830
=

10
00:00:34,831 --> 00:00:37,410
=

11
00:00:37,411 --> 00:00:39,201
在讀農學院時，
我思考這些問題。

12
00:00:39,202 --> 00:00:43,362
=

13
00:00:44,959 --> 00:00:47,418
攻讀農業博士時，
我有若干職業的選擇。

14
00:00:47,436 --> 00:00:49,446
=

15
00:00:50,626 --> 00:00:54,500
如同許多90年代的年輕學生，
我熱切地盼望擔任公職。

16
00:00:54,501 --> 00:00:58,210
=

17
00:00:58,725 --> 00:01:01,333
經由研讀經濟、準備考試，
我深切了解印度的經濟狀況。

18
00:01:01,334 --> 00:01:03,459
=

19
00:01:03,460 --> 00:01:05,168
=

20
00:01:05,169 --> 00:01:08,373
我可以選印度國稅局，
或農業科學研究院。

21
00:01:08,374 --> 00:01:11,133
=

22
00:01:11,134 --> 00:01:15,063
=

23
00:01:15,433 --> 00:01:16,985
魚與熊掌，難以抉擇。

24
00:01:17,747 --> 00:01:20,714
後來我選農業科學研究。

25
00:01:20,715 --> 00:01:23,208
我想繼續跟農夫們一起工作。

26
00:01:23,682 --> 00:01:25,494
(鼓掌聲)

27
00:01:25,910 --> 00:01:29,595
但這時間並不長，
容我稍後再說明。

28
00:01:32,301 --> 00:01:35,341
讓我們先了解：
我們吃了什麼？安全嗎？

29
00:01:35,741 --> 00:01:38,303
=

30
00:01:38,601 --> 00:01:41,266
不久前，我們都看過這個新聞：
瓶裝水和飲料中，有農藥殘留。

31
00:01:42,128 --> 00:01:47,494
=

32
00:01:48,551 --> 00:01:50,393
可是，很快我們就置之腦後。

33
00:01:50,394 --> 00:01:51,625
您可曾想過，農藥怎麼
進了瓶裝水和飲料中呢？

34
00:01:51,626 --> 00:01:56,507
=

35
00:01:58,705 --> 00:02:01,694
如果瓶裝水和飲料中有農藥殘留，

36
00:02:01,695 --> 00:02:04,935
您用來泡茶或咖啡的水，必也有殘留。


37
00:02:04,936 --> 00:02:06,799
但是，我們好像未曾擔憂過。

38
00:02:07,089 --> 00:02:10,041
短短的新聞，第二天我們就忘了。

39
00:02:10,042 --> 00:02:13,952
您一定記得『麵條中有重金屬』的新聞。

40
00:02:14,341 --> 00:02:16,390
有多少人思考過：
重金屬怎麼進入麵條中的？

41
00:02:16,391 --> 00:02:19,954
=

42
00:02:20,203 --> 00:02:22,137
如果麵中故意加鉛，
麵必定賣得更貴。

43
00:02:22,138 --> 00:02:24,535
=

44
00:02:25,034 --> 00:02:28,161
當然不會有人故意加鉛。
那麼，鉛是哪來的？

45
00:02:28,781 --> 00:02:32,497
如果做麵條的原料已有鉛，
用同樣原料做的煎餅必定也有鉛。

46
00:02:33,959 --> 00:02:36,959
=

47
00:02:36,963 --> 00:02:39,613
=

48
00:02:40,083 --> 00:02:43,050
我們吃的捲餅必定也有鉛，對吧？

49
00:02:44,087 --> 00:02:46,453
但是我們沒有聯想到這些.

50
00:02:46,863 --> 00:02:50,666
我們也聽説蔬菜中有農藥殘留，

51
00:02:51,029 --> 00:02:55,559
聽到的當下我們很害怕，
但是當晚就已拋諸腦後。

52
00:02:56,110 --> 00:03:00,376
我們以為，在好的商店買的，
在高檔旅館中吃的，必然安全。

53
00:03:00,377 --> 00:03:02,997
=

54
00:03:03,167 --> 00:03:05,511
其實不然，食物的安全程度，
受限於它的生長環境。

55
00:03:05,945 --> 00:03:08,124
只靠最後把關，是不足的。

56
00:03:10,123 --> 00:03:12,302
殺蟲耗費的農藥不到1%，其他的99%
進入水和空氣中、然後到了我們的食物中。

57
00:03:13,238 --> 00:03:18,018
=

58
00:03:19,825 --> 00:03:22,801
=

59
00:03:22,976 --> 00:03:24,912
我們輕忽。

60
00:03:25,142 --> 00:03:28,007
我們以輕忽的態度，
對待切身的事。

61
00:03:28,008 --> 00:03:29,795
我舉個例子。


62
00:03:29,796 --> 00:03:33,347
午餐時，旁邊有人在油漆，
是在噴漆！

63
00:03:33,348 --> 00:03:35,779
=

64
00:03:35,780 --> 00:03:37,178
漆噴到哪去了？部分噴在畫板上，
部分進入空氣中，被我們吃下去了。

65
00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:40,999
=

66
00:03:41,601 --> 00:03:44,750
=

67
00:03:44,910 --> 00:03:47,716
身為知識份子，我們應能想到、知道，
但是我們沒有。

68
00:03:47,717 --> 00:03:48,985
=

69
00:03:49,321 --> 00:03:52,587
豈能期待農夫能想到、知道，
並提供我們安全的糧食呢？

70
00:03:52,588 --> 00:03:55,026
=

71
00:03:55,271 --> 00:03:57,796
我們所看、所知，和行動之間有落差。

72
00:03:57,797 --> 00:04:03,349
=

73
00:04:03,350 --> 00:04:06,100
這是非常嚴重的！

74
00:04:06,540 --> 00:04:08,583
不僅是農藥而已。

75
00:04:08,990 --> 00:04:12,015
你可知市場販售的的蛋，是什麼樣的蛋呢？

76
00:04:12,016 --> 00:04:13,830
=

77
00:04:13,831 --> 00:04:15,245
是單倍體的蛋，未經過公雞和母雞交配，
孵不出小雞的蛋。

78
00:04:15,246 --> 00:04:19,526
=

79
00:04:19,949 --> 00:04:24,329
=

80
00:04:25,292 --> 00:04:29,680
那些蛋是用雌激素催生出來的。

81
00:04:29,681 --> 00:04:31,674
雌激素接下來被我們吃進肚子裡。

82
00:04:32,084 --> 00:04:34,381
=

83
00:04:34,382 --> 00:04:38,051
這是近代許多女童性早熟的原因之一。

84
00:04:38,461 --> 00:04:42,266
女童的青春期提前了。
婦女病增加了。

85
00:04:42,656 --> 00:04:44,772
男性女乳症也增加了。

86
00:04:45,066 --> 00:04:47,824
去年的調查顯示，印度最大宗的
美容手術，是男性縮胸手術。

87
00:04:47,825 --> 00:04:51,042
=

88
00:04:51,043 --> 00:04:53,293
=

89
00:04:53,603 --> 00:04:57,965
吃蛋原本是有益健康的，
反倒是引發了種種的病症。

90
00:04:59,994 --> 00:05:01,672
=

91
00:05:02,034 --> 00:05:06,966
農藥、抗生素、生長激素等，
不僅用來生產食物，也用來加工食物。

92
00:05:06,967 --> 00:05:09,991
=

93
00:05:10,261 --> 00:05:15,334
不久前新聞報導：用化學藥劑催熟水果。

94
00:05:15,864 --> 00:05:17,534
=

95
00:05:17,935 --> 00:05:20,032
為什麼人工催熟水果？

96
00:05:20,462 --> 00:05:24,349
要怎麼滿足消費者吃非當季的水果的需求？

97
00:05:24,350 --> 00:05:26,295
=

98
00:05:26,639 --> 00:05:29,413
哪來五月的熟芒果？

99
00:05:29,763 --> 00:05:34,618
必須採收青芒果，人工催熟，才能上市。

100
00:05:34,962 --> 00:05:37,532
黃得很均勻的一大串香蕉是被碳熟的。

101
00:05:38,367 --> 00:05:41,258
=

102
00:05:42,519 --> 00:05:45,320
光滑美麗的蘋果：什麼時候、在哪裡生產的？

103
00:05:45,678 --> 00:05:48,043
=

104
00:05:48,533 --> 00:05:51,033
=

105
00:05:51,373 --> 00:05:54,631
加州種的蘋果上臘保鮮。

106
00:05:56,334 --> 00:05:59,372
=

107
00:06:00,255 --> 00:06:03,609
=

108
00:06:04,012 --> 00:06:06,158
刮一刮從你家冰箱取出的蘋果，
會看見臘，吃下肚的臘。

109
00:06:06,934 --> 00:06:08,390
=

110
00:06:08,662 --> 00:06:10,874
被注入色素染色，和注入生長激素的鮮紅的西瓜。

111
00:06:12,371 --> 00:06:15,061
=

112
00:06:15,689 --> 00:06:17,919
=

113
00:06:18,518 --> 00:06:20,167
據報導，市售牛奶被合成奶混充。

114
00:06:20,168 --> 00:06:23,247
=

115
00:06:23,248 --> 00:06:25,965
=

116
00:06:25,966 --> 00:06:29,276
=

117
00:06:29,626 --> 00:06:35,176
要喝每公升僅40盧比的便宜牛奶，
只能買到合成奶。

118
00:06:35,177 --> 00:06:36,447
=

119
00:06:36,787 --> 00:06:38,613
消費者要便宜的食品，公司間削價競爭，只付農民低價。

120
00:06:39,966 --> 00:06:43,099
=

121
00:06:44,519 --> 00:06:46,833
=

122
00:06:46,834 --> 00:06:49,795
混充、汙染，卻不被受罰。

123
00:06:49,796 --> 00:06:52,266
=

124
00:06:52,272 --> 00:06:55,742


125
00:06:56,172 --> 00:06:57,445
多少人聽過、知道基因改造食品呢？

126
00:06:57,705 --> 00:07:01,055
=

127
00:07:01,056 --> 00:07:03,084
基因改造的茄子

128
00:07:03,103 --> 00:07:05,762
=

129
00:07:05,763 --> 00:07:09,189
前面說到，噴灑農藥破壞環境，
99%進入空氣中，只有1%殺蟲。

130
00:07:09,190 --> 00:07:13,987
=

131
00:07:14,282 --> 00:07:18,301
所以科學家想，何不讓植物自己殺蟲呢？

132
00:07:18,633 --> 00:07:21,033
植物自身產生殺蟲劑，當昆蟲咬植物，就會死亡。

133
00:07:21,034 --> 00:07:23,384
=

134
00:07:23,554 --> 00:07:25,412
試問，我們吃了這樣的植物，會怎麼樣呢？

135
00:07:25,413 --> 00:07:29,692
我們未曾衡量、解決，許多有關生化的問題。

136
00:07:29,947 --> 00:07:35,290
圖片上顯示的是：白色、金色的稻米。

137
00:07:35,530 --> 00:07:37,122
為什麼生產這樣的稻米？

138
00:07:37,125 --> 00:07:42,248
據說，缺少維生素是個嚴重的健康問題，

139
00:07:42,249 --> 00:07:44,947
所以我們讓植物自產維生素A，
來解決這個大問題。

140
00:07:44,948 --> 00:07:49,183
吃金色的稻米補充維生素A。

141
00:07:49,184 --> 00:07:52,529
可知維生素A是脂溶性維生素？

142
00:07:52,530 --> 00:07:56,357
光吃維生素A不能吸收，
必須和脂肪一起吃。

143
00:07:56,777 --> 00:08:00,195
可是，如果你吃夠了脂肪，
根本無需吃金色稻米。

144
00:08:00,584 --> 00:08:05,291
在2005年，我們遇見一位
種植基改秋葵的農夫。

145
00:08:05,292 --> 00:08:07,501
=

146
00:08:07,528 --> 00:08:08,668
驚訝之餘，我們問他
從哪兒弄到基改種子的。

147
00:08:08,669 --> 00:08:10,069
=

148
00:08:10,070 --> 00:08:12,056
他回答是公司給的。

149
00:08:12,057 --> 00:08:15,003
我們詢問該公司，被告知「實驗正進行中。」

150
00:08:15,004 --> 00:08:16,633
找政府，政府回答：「確實是未經許可的種子。」

151
00:08:16,634 --> 00:08:18,903
=

152
00:08:19,463 --> 00:08:21,559
=

153
00:08:22,089 --> 00:08:24,519
2005年，基改秋葵種子下架了。

154
00:08:25,709 --> 00:08:28,591
我們在2013年發現抗除草劑的基改棉花，
又在未經許可的情況下被種植。

155
00:08:28,592 --> 00:08:30,901
=

156
00:08:31,461 --> 00:08:33,270
=

157
00:08:33,270 --> 00:08:36,573
基改茄子於2009年獲得許可，
曾引起廣大社會的討論。

158
00:08:36,784 --> 00:08:40,076
經公開討論是否要基改食品後，
該茄子被禁止了。

159
00:08:40,077 --> 00:08:43,183
=

160
00:08:43,525 --> 00:08:47,480
智慧的政治家有時候做出正確的選擇。

161
00:08:47,919 --> 00:08:52,305
然而其他時候，市場充斥著基改食品。

162
00:08:52,695 --> 00:08:55,121
目前在最高法院仍然有一件基改案件待審。

163
00:08:55,122 --> 00:08:57,937
儘管專家和議會的常務委員會都說：
等十年再看看，我們目前不要基改食品。

164
00:08:57,938 --> 00:09:01,167
=

165
00:09:01,347 --> 00:09:05,076
=

166
00:09:05,369 --> 00:09:09,556
不知怎麼的，基改食品仍然出現在我們的盤中。

167
00:09:09,557 --> 00:09:14,147
食物不僅是人類能量的來源，健康的基石，
也是預防治療若干疾病的靈藥。

168
00:09:14,467 --> 00:09:17,035
=

169
00:09:17,036 --> 00:09:21,273
=


170
00:09:21,593 --> 00:09:26,414
有人用好的食物來治療自閉症。

171
00:09:27,203 --> 00:09:28,830
不當的飲食造成疾病，例如：肥胖、糖尿病、高血壓。


172
00:09:28,831 --> 00:09:34,018
=

173
00:09:34,019 --> 00:09:36,372
我們應該慎選食物。

174
00:09:36,373 --> 00:09:38,756
接下來，讓我們看看，食物對環境造成的影響，

175
00:09:38,757 --> 00:09:40,696
生態足跡。

176
00:09:40,697 --> 00:09:42,596
多少人看過稻田？

177
00:09:42,597 --> 00:09:43,956
幾乎每個人都看過，對吧？

178
00:09:43,957 --> 00:09:46,496


179
00:09:46,497 --> 00:09:48,309


180
00:09:48,310 --> 00:09:52,440


181
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182
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183
00:10:01,272 --> 00:10:05,038


184
00:10:05,304 --> 00:10:09,168


185
00:10:09,169 --> 00:10:13,126


186
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187
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188
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189
00:10:22,318 --> 00:10:27,698


190
00:10:28,257 --> 00:10:30,496


191
00:10:30,751 --> 00:10:33,292


192
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193
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194
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195
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196
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197
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198
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199
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200
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201
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202
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203
00:11:03,125 --> 00:11:05,662


204
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205
00:11:08,125 --> 00:11:10,565


206
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207
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208
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209
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210
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211
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212
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213
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214
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215
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216
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217
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218
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219
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220
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221
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222
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223
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224
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225
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226
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227
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228
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229
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230
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231
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232
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233
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234
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235
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236
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237
00:12:41,979 --> 00:12:43,778


238
00:12:43,779 --> 00:12:46,702


239
00:12:46,703 --> 00:12:48,355


240
00:12:48,356 --> 00:12:50,748


241
00:12:50,749 --> 00:12:53,201


242
00:12:53,202 --> 00:12:56,841


243
00:12:56,842 --> 00:12:59,208


244
00:12:59,209 --> 00:13:03,001


245
00:13:03,002 --> 00:13:06,083


246
00:13:06,084 --> 00:13:08,393


247
00:13:08,394 --> 00:13:09,814


248
00:13:11,665 --> 00:13:16,555


249
00:13:17,792 --> 00:13:23,084


250
00:13:23,663 --> 00:13:26,795


251
00:13:26,796 --> 00:13:31,056


252
00:13:31,404 --> 00:13:36,034


253
00:13:36,035 --> 00:13:37,626


254
00:13:37,627 --> 00:13:41,236


255
00:13:41,250 --> 00:13:42,647


256
00:13:42,648 --> 00:13:45,817


257
00:13:45,818 --> 00:13:47,107


258
00:13:47,108 --> 00:13:49,775


259
00:13:49,776 --> 00:13:51,572


260
00:13:51,573 --> 00:13:54,663


261
00:13:54,664 --> 00:13:56,192


262
00:13:56,193 --> 00:13:59,064


263
00:13:59,065 --> 00:14:02,632


264
00:14:03,209 --> 00:14:05,043


265
00:14:05,250 --> 00:14:07,791


266
00:14:07,792 --> 00:14:11,162


267
00:14:11,163 --> 00:14:13,543


268
00:14:13,544 --> 00:14:15,363


269
00:14:15,364 --> 00:14:16,871


270
00:14:16,872 --> 00:14:20,802


271
00:14:21,242 --> 00:14:23,989


272
00:14:23,990 --> 00:14:26,048


273
00:14:26,049 --> 00:14:27,043


274
00:14:27,044 --> 00:14:30,102


275
00:14:30,103 --> 00:14:31,690


276
00:14:31,691 --> 00:14:32,810


277
00:14:32,811 --> 00:14:35,574


278
00:14:35,575 --> 00:14:38,124


279
00:14:38,125 --> 00:14:39,929


280
00:14:39,930 --> 00:14:42,850


281
00:14:43,540 --> 00:14:48,768


282
00:14:48,769 --> 00:14:50,037


283
00:14:50,038 --> 00:14:51,357


284
00:14:51,358 --> 00:14:54,812


285
00:14:56,969 --> 00:15:00,699


286
00:15:00,700 --> 00:15:02,399


287
00:15:02,400 --> 00:15:03,291


288
00:15:03,292 --> 00:15:06,459


289
00:15:06,485 --> 00:15:07,941


290
00:15:07,942 --> 00:15:10,114


291
00:15:10,125 --> 00:15:13,542


292
00:15:13,792 --> 00:15:17,293


293
00:15:17,334 --> 00:15:19,501


294
00:15:19,542 --> 00:15:20,978


295
00:15:20,979 --> 00:15:23,481


296
00:15:23,751 --> 00:15:25,210


297
00:15:25,226 --> 00:15:28,167


298
00:15:28,168 --> 00:15:29,513


299
00:15:32,546 --> 00:15:33,906


300
00:15:34,318 --> 00:15:37,244


301
00:15:37,245 --> 00:15:41,782


302
00:15:42,542 --> 00:15:45,359


303
00:15:45,960 --> 00:15:49,192


304
00:15:49,702 --> 00:15:51,799


305
00:15:52,700 --> 00:15:54,292


306
00:15:54,293 --> 00:15:55,662


307
00:15:55,663 --> 00:15:58,027


308
00:15:58,042 --> 00:16:00,749


309
00:16:00,750 --> 00:16:04,703


310
00:16:04,704 --> 00:16:06,327


311
00:16:06,328 --> 00:16:08,569


312
00:16:08,570 --> 00:16:12,543


313
00:16:12,544 --> 00:16:16,065


314
00:16:16,066 --> 00:16:20,987


315
00:16:20,988 --> 00:16:24,734


316
00:16:25,279 --> 00:16:29,169


317
00:16:29,170 --> 00:16:30,501


318
00:16:32,481 --> 00:16:34,043


319
00:16:34,044 --> 00:16:35,771


320
00:16:35,772 --> 00:16:37,152


321
00:16:37,153 --> 00:16:39,936


322
00:16:40,356 --> 00:16:43,558


323
00:16:43,559 --> 00:16:46,088


324
00:16:46,089 --> 00:16:48,530


325
00:16:48,531 --> 00:16:50,924


326
00:16:50,925 --> 00:16:52,510


327
00:16:52,511 --> 00:16:54,492


328
00:16:54,493 --> 00:16:56,376


329
00:16:56,377 --> 00:17:00,492


330
00:17:00,493 --> 00:17:04,550


331
00:17:04,551 --> 00:17:05,912


332
00:17:05,913 --> 00:17:08,251


333
00:17:08,252 --> 00:17:09,511


334
00:17:09,512 --> 00:17:10,682