[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.48,0:00:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are what we eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.18,0:00:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but how many of us know\Nwhat we are actually eating?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.42,0:00:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of us know
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.38,0:00:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what food does to the environment\Nbefore it comes to our plate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.44,0:00:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you know
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.31,0:00:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what food does to the farmer\Nwho is producing that food?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.30,0:00:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know? Have you ever thought?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.80,0:00:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you think,\Nwhen you are eating food,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.29,0:00:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the farmer who has produced it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.83,0:00:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the fate of the farmer\Nwho has produced it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.41,0:00:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are some of the questions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.20,0:00:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which grappled me\Nwhen I was studying agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.98,0:00:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While doing my Ph. D. in agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.44,0:00:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had a choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.62,0:00:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like every young boy in 90's,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.48,0:00:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was also crazy about getting\Ninto Indian Civil Service.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.72,0:01:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was reading about the Indian economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.34,0:01:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really understood\Nabout the Indian economy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.46,0:01:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by reading for an exam.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.17,0:01:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, by the time\NI got into the services,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.37,0:01:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was selected for Indian Revenue Service.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.13,0:01:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also had a choice of joining\Nas an Agricultural Research Scientist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.43,0:01:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a tough choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.75,0:01:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I made my choice to join\Nas an Agricultural Research Scientist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.72,0:01:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought, I should continue \Nworking with farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.68,0:01:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.91,0:01:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that didn't last long,\NI'll come to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.30,0:01:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I come to that, \Nlet's understand: what is our food?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.74,0:01:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are we eating? How safe is our food?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.60,0:01:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of you saw this news, some time back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.13,0:01:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pesticides residues\Nin soft drinks and bottled water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.55,0:01:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But forgotten the next day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.39,0:01:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever thought
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.63,0:01:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how pesticides residues got\Ninto this bottled water or soft drinks?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.70,0:02:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If bottled water and soft drinks\Nhad pesticide residues,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.70,0:02:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the water you used to make tea or coffee\Nalso must be having.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.94,0:02:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we never worry about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.09,0:02:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news is short,\Nthe next day we forget about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.04,0:02:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At least this must be in your memory:\Nnoodles having heavy metals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.34,0:02:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you thought,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.39,0:02:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how did these heavy metals\Nreach the noodles?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.20,0:02:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If lead has to be added to the noodles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.14,0:02:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably lead is more costly\Nthan the noodles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.03,0:02:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody will add it, but it came.\NHow did it come?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.78,0:02:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If ingredients used\Nto make noodles had the lead,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.97,0:02:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the 'aata' which you used\Nto make your 'chapati'
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.96,0:02:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also must be having.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.08,0:02:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or the 'samosa' which you're eating\Nalso must be having, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.09,0:02:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we don't connect the dots.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.86,0:02:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same story when we hear\Nabout pesticide residues in vegetables.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.03,0:02:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You all get horrified,\Nbut forget it in the evening.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.11,0:03:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all think, if we buy food\Nat a good place,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.38,0:03:02.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or eat it in a good hotel, it's safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.17,0:03:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food is only as safe as it is grown.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.94,0:03:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,End of pipe solutions don't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.12,0:03:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pesticides which are \Nused in agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.24,0:03:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less than 1% actually kills the insects,\N99% gets into the water,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.82,0:03:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets into the air,\Nand comes back into your food.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.98,0:03:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We look at it very casually.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.14,0:03:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything happening around us,\Nwe look at it very casually.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.01,0:03:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.80,0:03:33.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While having the lunch,\NI saw people painting there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.35,0:03:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is that? Spray Paint.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.78,0:03:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where does it go?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.56,0:03:40.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of it goes onto the board,\Npart of it into the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.60,0:03:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You were all eating there.\NIt comes there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.91,0:03:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are all educated,\Nwe feel we can make connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.72,0:03:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We never make them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.32,0:03:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We expect that the farmer\Nwill make those connections
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.59,0:03:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and produce safe food for all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.27,0:03:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's there is a disconnect
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.80,0:04:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what we observe,\Nwhat we know, and how we act.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.35,0:04:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a serious problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.54,0:04:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not only about the pesticides.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.99,0:04:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know the eggs \Nthat you buy in the market,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.02,0:04:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kind of eggs are you buying?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.83,0:04:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are haploid eggs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.25,0:04:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Haploid means they are produced\Nwithout male and female meeting together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.95,0:04:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why if you hatch the eggs,\Nthey won't make chickens.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.28,0:04:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how they are produced?\NThey are produced by using estrogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.68,0:04:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happens to those estrogens?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.08,0:04:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you eat those eggs\Nthey'll come back to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.38,0:04:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one reason today\Nthe puberty in girls has advanced.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.46,0:04:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The gynecological problems\Nin women have increased.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.66,0:04:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The breast development\Nin men has increased.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.07,0:04:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year's India Today's survey shows
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.82,0:04:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the largest number\Nof plastic surgeries done in India
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.04,0:04:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are to remove breasts in men.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.60,0:04:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You got into the situation where fruit,\Nwhich is supposed to be healthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.99,0:05:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is creating all these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.03,0:05:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just the pesticides,\Nor antibiotics, or growth hormones
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.97,0:05:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are used in production,\Nbut also how they are processed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.26,0:05:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might have heard, last week,\N10 days, doing rounds in all the media:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.86,0:05:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificially ripened fruits.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.94,0:05:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why are fruits ripened artificially?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.46,0:05:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If all of you want\Nto eat fruits off-season:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.35,0:05:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do they do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.64,0:05:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want mangoes in May,\Nhow do you get mangoes?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.76,0:05:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to cut unripened one's,\Nripen it artificially, and sell it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.96,0:05:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Banana's which look uniformed yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.37,0:05:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are they? \NThey are all carbon ripened.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.52,0:05:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The apples, the shiny apples\Nwhich you see.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.68,0:05:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are they?\NWhen were they produced?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.53,0:05:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where were they produced?\NDo you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.37,0:05:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,California apples, \Nyou get apples from California.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.33,0:05:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you keep it fresh?\NThey are coated with wax.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.26,0:06:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go back to your home, \Ntake an apple from your fridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.01,0:06:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just scratch it. You'll see the wax.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.93,0:06:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are eating all that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.66,0:06:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The watermelons which are red in color,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.37,0:06:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are injected with injections, color.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.69,0:06:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are injected with growth hormones.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.52,0:06:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The milk which is sold,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.17,0:06:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have seen in news\Nof the last several years,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.25,0:06:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reports say,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.97,0:06:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The milk is contaminated\Nwith synthetic milk."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.61,0:06:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to have milk\Nat ₹. 40/- a liter,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.18,0:06:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what you get.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.79,0:06:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want food cheaper,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.97,0:06:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is competition \Nbetween the companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.52,0:06:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They pay low prices to the farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.83,0:06:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also contaminate it \Nand then get away with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.80,0:06:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All brands of milk sold in Hyderabad,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.27,0:06:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is prone to have been\Ncontaminated with synthetic milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.17,0:06:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GM Foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.74,0:07:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you know about this?\NHow many of you have heard about this?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.06,0:07:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bt Brinjal.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.10,0:07:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll tell you simply what Bt Brinjal is.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.76,0:07:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When pesticide is sprayed from outside,\Nit damages the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.19,0:07:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like I said, 99% goes into the environment\Nonly 1% kills the insect.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.28,0:07:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, scientist thought, why not\Nwe produce pesticide in the plant itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.63,0:07:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the plant produces insecticides,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.03,0:07:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that whichever insect\Neats the plant will die.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.55,0:07:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what happens to us?\NWho eats that?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.41,0:07:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there are several bio safety questions\Nin front of us which were never addressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.95,0:07:35.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see here, yellow, white,\Ngolden rice, which is going to come soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.53,0:07:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know why it was done?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.12,0:07:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say, vitamin A deficiency \Nis a serious problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.25,0:07:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we will produce\Nvitamin A in the plant.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.95,0:07:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you eat that rice, you can have \Nas much as vitamin A as possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.18,0:07:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but do you know vitamin A\Nis a fat soluble vitamin?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.53,0:07:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just enough to have vitamin A,\Nbut you also need to have enough fat,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.78,0:08:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you have enough fat in your food\Nyou don't need golden rice.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.58,0:08:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2005 we came across a farmer in Guntur,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.30,0:08:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was cultivating Bt Bhendi.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.53,0:08:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were shocked.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.67,0:08:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "How did you get it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.07,0:08:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "The company gave me the seeds."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.06,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went to the company, \Nand they said, "We are doing a trial."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went to the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.63,0:08:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government said,\N"Yeah, that's their seed."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.46,0:08:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said, "You are not permitted."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.09,0:08:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was taken off in 2005.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.71,0:08:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2013, similarly we came across a cotton.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.59,0:08:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herbicide-tolerant cotton which is grown.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.46,0:08:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No permissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.27,0:08:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2009, when Bt brinjal was permitted,\Nthere was a public discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.78,0:08:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the only time \Nthere was a public discussion,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.08,0:08:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to introduce whether we need\Na food or not, and it was banned.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.53,0:08:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, some wise politicians \Ntake better decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.92,0:08:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But otherwise we would have \Nbeen flooded with GM foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.70,0:08:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today there is case\Npending in Supreme Court,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.12,0:08:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is an expert committee\Nappointed by Supreme Court
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.94,0:09:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which said, "We don't need this \Nfor next the 10 years. Let's wait."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.35,0:09:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a parliamentary standing committee\Nwhich also said, "We don't need."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.37,0:09:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you don't know how they are \Ngoing to come into your plate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.56,0:09:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food is not only useful energy\Nbut also good for your health.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.47,0:09:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can treat many of the diseases.\NFood is a medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.04,0:09:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can act as preventive medicine,\Nand can also act as a curative medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.59,0:09:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know many people who are working on\Ntreating autism with good food.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.20,0:09:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many problems which you are seeing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.83,0:09:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- obesity, diabetes, blood pressure -\Nall are because of the food which you eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.02,0:09:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to make a right choice\Nabout your food.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.37,0:09:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second: what food does to the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.76,0:09:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at the ecological footprints.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.70,0:09:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you have seen rice fields?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.60,0:09:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost all, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.96,0:09:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What comes to your mind \Nwhen we think of rice fields?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.50,0:09:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Full of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.31,0:09:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much water does it take\Nto produce an acre of rice?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.06,0:09:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 million liters.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.60,0:10:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 million liters per acre of rice.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.27,0:10:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is equal to 100 families \Nannual consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.30,0:10:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One family of five members\Neats about a kilogram of rice a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.17,0:10:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is equivalent to\Na tanker of water: 180 showers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.36,0:10:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of us want to eat rice.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.82,0:10:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More and more water\Nyou need in production of rice.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.78,0:10:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's make a making calculation:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.31,0:10:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much one meal of rice in Hyderabad \Ncosts to the environment?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.26,0:10:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's probably as big as a whole dam.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.75,0:10:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to worry\Nabout the ecological footprints.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.12,0:10:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just about the water, \Nabout pesticides, about growth hormone.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.93,0:10:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.06,0:10:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What agriculture leaves \Nbefore it comes to your plate?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.49,0:10:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not just that.\NWhat does it do to the farmers?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.23,0:10:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more and more pesticides\Nyou spray, insects get resistant.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.39,0:10:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.33,0:10:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First time you spray,\Nsecond time you spray,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.37,0:10:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,third time you spray,\Nfourth time you drink it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.54,0:10:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we have seen\Nall along, farmer suicides.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.12,0:11:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fall out of such things\Nis increasing cost of cultivation,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.85,0:11:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the prices are not increasing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.11,0:11:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Production costs for one kilogram of rice,\N₹. 2,100 as per government calculations,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.13,0:11:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but today the price\Nis on 1,400 for farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.51,0:11:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today a ton of sugarcane is ₹. 2,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.80,0:11:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A ton of firewood is ₹. 4,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.26,0:11:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can farmers live?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.13,0:11:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The policies are also lopsided.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.77,0:11:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, the average income\Nof 83% of the farmers in this country
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.84,0:11:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is only ₹. 5,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.26,0:11:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So farmers have lost \Ntheir economic independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.86,0:11:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just economic independence,\Nphysical independence as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.31,0:11:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are photographs wich we have taken
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.42,0:11:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of farmers standing\Nin queue for fertilizers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.80,0:11:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Standing in queue for seeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.69,0:11:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seeds which they can produce.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.70,0:11:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fertilizer which they\Ncan make by composting,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.68,0:11:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are not subsidized.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.20,0:11:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you buy it in a market,\Nthey are subsidized.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.41,0:11:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lopsided policies from government.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.78,0:11:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these lead to farmer suicides.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.33,0:12:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In last 20 years, 300,000 farmers \Nhave committed suicide.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.59,0:12:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every day about 48.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.56,0:12:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the point about just discussing\Nthe dark side of the picture?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.75,0:12:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much and what can we do \Nto change the situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.67,0:12:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of us working in agriculture\Nat various institutions came together,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.42,0:12:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we started an organization\Ncalled Center for Sustainable Agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.11,0:12:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2004.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.41,0:12:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started working with farmers,\Ntelling them how they can move away
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.88,0:12:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the high external input\Nbase agriculture
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.74,0:12:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to low external input based agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.70,0:12:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not easy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.00,0:12:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what we found is across the country \Nthere were wonderful experiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.49,0:12:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all those experiences\Nwere taught in ideological frameworks.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.51,0:12:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.98,0:12:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are good things and bad things,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.78,0:12:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they would discuss with each other\Nit would have been good,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.70,0:12:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they never talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.36,0:12:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainstream institutions \Nnever worried about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.75,0:12:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we brought all the practices together,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.20,0:12:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolved what we called\Nsustainable agricultural practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.85,0:12:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first success came in Kulukulla.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.22,0:13:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kulukulla is village in Kamang district\Nwhich became completely pesticide free.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.00,0:13:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The village, which was spending\Nabout 6 million per annum,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.08,0:13:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they completely stopped using pesticides.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.39,0:13:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.66,0:13:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Agriculture minister came\Nand said, "Wonderful. What do you want?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.78,0:13:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The farmers said, "Make\NAndhra Pradesh pesticide free."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.66,0:13:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was amazed. He said,\N"Certainly I'll do. But what do you want?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.80,0:13:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said,"We are happy with what we have.\NJust change all agricultural practices."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.40,0:13:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He brought all the scientists\Nof the department of agriculture together
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.04,0:13:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see and then make a change.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.63,0:13:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said,"Sir, this is one village.\NWe can't do it. It is not possible."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.24,0:13:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then came Enabavi.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.65,0:13:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is about 80 kilometers from here,\Ncompletely organic village.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.82,0:13:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.11,0:13:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 10 thousand people \Nhave visited the village
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.78,0:13:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know how they are doing farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.57,0:13:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this also has not changed\Nanything under government.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.66,0:13:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But consumers have changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.19,0:13:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people have started\Nunderstanding what is good for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.06,0:14:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an advertisement \Nwhich is The Hindu uses for itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.20,0:14:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a village called Dorli.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.26,0:14:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dorli is in Vardha.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.80,0:14:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After Telangana, you hear\Nlots of suicides from Vardha.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.16,0:14:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2005 the village was put up for sale,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.54,0:14:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farmers decided we can't do farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.36,0:14:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They put up village for sale.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.87,0:14:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went there in 2006 and said,\N"Can we start working together?"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.24,0:14:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today all of them have repaid their loans,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.99,0:14:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of them are back to farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.05,0:14:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.04,0:14:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible. It's possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.10,0:14:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All examples are in front of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.69,0:14:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also started working\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.81,0:14:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the woman self fill groups\Nin Andhra Pradesh.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.58,0:14:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are cover stories\Nof 'Down To Earth' magazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.12,0:14:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which tracked the whole change.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.93,0:14:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started with 225 acres in 2005.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.54,0:14:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today its 3.5 million acres\Nin Andhra Pradesh and Telangana together,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.77,0:14:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pesticide free.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.04,0:14:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.36,0:14:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50% of use of pesticide \Nin the state has come down.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.97,0:15:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were third in the country\Nin terms of per acre pesticide used,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.70,0:15:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today we are 20th in the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.40,0:15:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.31,0:15:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was part of a show\Non Satyamev Jayate,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.48,0:15:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of you may have seen it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.94,0:15:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this show we had\Nan interesting discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.12,0:15:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other side was the largest \Npesticide seller in this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.54,0:15:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Towards the end Amir Khan\Nasked me a question:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.73,0:15:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am fully convinced with what you're\Nsaying and what you're doing
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.54,0:15:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is possible to do it India.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.97,0:15:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how do I convince\Nthis man who is sitting here?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.77,0:15:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said: "Ask his brother,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.23,0:15:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His brother is the largest\Norganic exporter in this country."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.17,0:15:30.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.55,0:15:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, "Yes."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.32,0:15:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That shows that people see it as business.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.24,0:15:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If pesticide sells, they sell pesticides,\Nif organic sells, they sell organic.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.54,0:15:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You buy pesticides or \Nother organic pesticides
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.96,0:15:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or certificate from us saying\Nyou haven't used any of these things.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.70,0:15:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Farmers are made into consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.70,0:15:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what are our consumers doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.29,0:15:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then what we did is
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.66,0:15:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we brought some consumers\Nin Hyderabad together
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.03,0:16:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form a consumer cooperative\Ncalled Sahaja Aharam.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.74,0:16:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also brought all farmers together \Nto form farmers cooperative,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.70,0:16:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they can market directly.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.33,0:16:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we have 20 farmer cooperatives
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.57,0:16:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who produce organically \Nand directly sell in the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.54,0:16:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While many of you worry\Nabout organic food prices,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.07,0:16:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the organic Sahaja Aharam prices\Nare 20% lower than the market prices,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.99,0:16:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 75% of what the consumer pays\Ngoes to the farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.28,0:16:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the regular market it is\Njust 20% which goes to the farmer.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.17,0:16:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.48,0:16:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I see from here?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.04,0:16:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see a ray of hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.77,0:16:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.15,0:16:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If all of us can join hands together,\Nwe can make a change.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.36,0:16:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's a long way to go\Nin terms of Government Policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.56,0:16:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still there is serious crisis\Nin agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.09,0:16:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yesterday, you may have seen\Nabout farmer's suicide.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.49,0:16:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, this morning's newspaper,\Nyou may have seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.82,0:16:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Numbers of farmers are dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.51,0:16:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a responsibility of all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.49,0:16:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Business as usual is not an option.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.38,0:17:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to change as consumers,\Nwe need change as farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.49,0:17:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all need to come together \Nto pressurize government
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.55,0:17:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make a change.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.91,0:17:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Otherwise, the future is very very glee.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.25,0:17:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.51,0:17:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)