WEBVTT

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We are what we eat.

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But how many of us know
what we are actually eating?

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How many of us know

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what food does to the environment
before it comes to our plate.

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How many of you know

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what food does to the farmer
who is producing that food?

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Do you know? Have you ever thought?

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How many of you think,
when you are eating food,

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about the farmer who has produced it 
or the fate of the farmer
who has produced it?

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These are some of the questions

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which grappled me
when I was studying agriculture.

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While doing my Ph. D. in agriculture,
I had a choice.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxseparate line

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Like every young boy in the 90's,

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I was also crazy about getting
into Indian Civil Service.

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I really understood
about the Indian economy

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by reading for an exam.

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Finally, by the time
I got into the services,
I was selected for Indian Revenue Service.++++++++++

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But I also had a choice of joining
as an Agricultural Research Scientist.

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It was a tough choice.

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I made my choice and joined
as an Agricultural Research Scientist.

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I thought, I should continue 
working with farmers.

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(Applause)

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But that didn't last long,
I'll come to that.

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Before I come to that, 
let's understand: what is our food?

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What we are eating? How safe is our food?

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All of you saw this news, some time ago.

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Pesticides residues
in soft drinks and bottled water.

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But forgotten the next day.

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Have you ever thought

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how pesticides residues got
into this bottled water or soft drinks?

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If bottled water and soft drinks
had pesticide residues,

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the water you used to make tea or coffee
also must be having.

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But we never worry about it.

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The news is short,
the next day we forget about it.

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At least this must be in your memory:
noodles having heavy metals.

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How many of you thought,

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how did these heavy metals
reach the noodles?

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If lead has to be added to the noodles,

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probably lead is more costly
than the noodles.

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Nobody will add it, but it came.
How did it come?

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If ingredients used
to make noodles had the lead,

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then the 'aata' which you used
to make your 'chapati'
also must be having.++++++++++++++++

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Or the 'samosa' which you're eating
also must be having. Right?

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But we don't connect the dots.

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Same is the story when we hear
about pesticide residues in vegetables.

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You all get horrified,
but forget it in the evening.

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We all think, if we buy food
at a good place,
or eat it in a good hotel, it's safe.

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Food is only as safe as it is grown.

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End of pipe solutions don't work.

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The pesticides which are 
used in agriculture,

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less than 1% actually kills the insects,
99% gets into the water,

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gets into the air,
and comes back into your food.

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We look at it very casually.

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Everything happening around us,
we look at it very casually.

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I'll give you an example.

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While having the lunch,
I saw people painting there.

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What is that? Spray Paint.

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Where does it go?

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Part of it goes onto the board,
part of it into the air.

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You were all eating there.
It comes there.

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We are all educated,
we feel we can make connections.

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We never make them.

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We expect that the farmer
will make those connections

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and produce safe food for all of us.

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I think that's there is a disconnect

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between what we observe,
what we know, and how we act.
It is a serious problem.

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It's not only about the pesticides.

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Do you know the eggs 
that you buy in the market,

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what kind of eggs are you buying?

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They are half cloyed eggs.

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Half cloyed means they are produced
without male and female meeting together.

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That's why if you hatch the eggs,
they won't make chickens.

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But how they are produced?
They are produced by using estrogens.

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And what happens to those estrogens?

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When you eat those eggs
they'll come back to you.

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That's one reason today
the puberty in girls has advanced.

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Gynecological problems
in women have increased.

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Breast development in men has increased.

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Last year's India Today's survey shows

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that the largest number
of plastic surgeries done in India
are to remove breasts in men.++++++++++++++++

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You got into the situation where fruit,
which is supposed to be healthy,

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is creating all these problems.

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It's not just the pesticides,
or antibiotics, or growth hormones

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which are used in production,
but also how they are processed.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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You might have heard the last one week
10 days doing rounds in all the media

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artificially ripened fruits.

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But why fruits are ripened artificially?

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if all of you want to fruits 
in off season.

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How will they do it?

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If you want mangoes in May,
how do you get mangoes?

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You have to cut unripened one's 
ripen it artificially and sell it.

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Banana's which are seeing uniformed yellow


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What are they? 
They all are carbon ripen.

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The apples the shiny apples which you see,


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What are they? When were they produced?
Where were they produced? Do you know?

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California apples, 
you get apple from California

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Can you keep it fresh?
They are coated with wax.

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Go back to your home, 
take apple from your fridge.

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Just scratch it. You'll see the wax.

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We are eating all that.

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The watermelons which are red in color,


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they are injected with injections, color.

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They are injected with growth hormones.

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The milk which is sold,
we have seen in news last several years,

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the reports which say, "The milk is 
contaminated with synthetic milk."

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If you want to have milk 
at 40 rupees a liter thats what you get.

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We want food cheaper,

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and there is competition 
between the companies

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They pay low to the farmers,

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They also contaminate it 
and get away with that.

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All brands of milk sold in Hyderabad,

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prone to have 
contaminated with synthetic milk

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GM Foods, How many of you know about this?
How many of you've heard about this?

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BT Brinjal, to tell you simply,
what BT Brinjal is?

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when pesticide is sprayed from outside 
it damages the environment.

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Like I said,"99% goes into the environment
only 1% kills the insect."

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So scientist thought why not we produce
pesticide in plant itself.

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So plant produces insecticides.
So which ever insect eats plant will die.

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But what happens to us?
Who eats that.

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So there are several bio safety questions
in front of us which were never addressed.

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What you see here, yellow, white,
golden rice which is going to come soon

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You know why it was done?


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They say "vitamin A deficiency 
is serious problem, so we will produce

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vitamin A in the plant."

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If you eat that rice you can have 
as much as vitamin A as possible.

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But do you know vitamin A is 
fat soluble vitamin.

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So it's not just enough to have vitamin A,
but you also need to have enough fat.

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But if you have enough fat in your food
you don't need golden rice.

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In 2005 we came across a farmer in Guntur,

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Who was cultivating BT Bhendi.

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We were shocked.

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I said "How did you get it?"

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He said,"Company gave me the seeds."

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We went to the company.
They said,"We are doing a trial."

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We went to the government.
Government said,"Yeah, That is seen."

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They said, "You are not permitted."
Those were taken off in 2005.

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2013, similarly we came across a cotton,

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Kerbside tolerant cotton which is grown.
No permissions.

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In 2009, when BT brinjal was permitted 
there was public discussions.

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But It was the only time 
there was for public discussion,

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to introduce whether we need a food or not
And it was banned.

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Sometimes, some wise politicians 
take better decisions.

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But by this we would have 
flooded with GM foods.

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Today there is case pending in
Supreme Court,

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there is expert committee appointed by
Supreme Court.

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Which said, "We don't need this 
for next 10 yrs. Let's wait."

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There is parliament standing committee 


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which was appointed it also said 
"We don't need."

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But, you don't know how they are 
going to come into your plate.

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Food is not only useful energy
but also good for your health.

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It can treat many of the deceases.
Food is a medicine.

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It can act as preventive medicine and
It can also act as a curative medicine.

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I know many people who are working on
treating autism with good food.

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Many of the problem which you are seeing

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Obesity, diabetes, blood pressure
all are because of the food which you eat.

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You need to make right choice
about your food.

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Second, What food does to the environment.

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Let's look at ecological footprints.

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How many you have seen rice fields?
Almost all, right.

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What comes to your mind 
when we think of rice fields?

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Full of water. How much water it takes
to produce an acre of rice?


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6 million liters.

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6 million liters per acre of rice.

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Which is equal to 100 families 
annual consumption.

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1 family of 5 members eats about 
a Kg of rice a day.

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Which is equivalent to tanker of water.
180 showers.

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All of us want to eat rice,
more and more water you need

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in production of rice.

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You were making calculation

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how much 1 meal of rice in Hyderabad 
costs an environment?

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It's probably as big as, all over a dam.

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We need to worry about,
the ecological footprints.

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It's not just about the water, 
about pesticides, about growth hormone.

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Everything. What agriculture leaves 
before it comes to you plate?

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Not just that. 
What it does to farmers?

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The more and more pesticides you spray
insects get resistance. They don't work.

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First time you spray,
second time you spray

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third time you spray it,
fifth time you drink.

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That's what we have seen 
along farmer suicides.

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The fall outs of such things is 
increasing cost of cultivation,

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but prices are not increasing.

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You know 1 Kg of rice costs 
Rs. 2100/- as per government calcuations

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But today price is on 1400 for farmers.

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Today a ton of sugarcane is Rs. 2000/-

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A ton of firewood is Rs. 4000/-

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How farmers can live?

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The policies are also lop sided.

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Today average income of 83% of farmer
in this country is only Rs. 5000/-

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Only Rs. 5000/-

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So farmers have lost 
their economic independence.

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Not just economic independence,
physical independence as well.

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This were photographs taken farmers were 
standing in queue for fertilizers.

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Standing in queue for seeds.

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Seeds which they can produce.

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Fertilizer which they can
make by composting.

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But they are not subsidized.

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If you buy it in a market,
they are subsidized.

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Lop sided policies from government.

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All these are lead to farmer suicides.

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In last 20 yrs 3,00,000 farmers 
have committed suicide.

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Everyday about 48.

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What is the point about just discussing
dark side of the picture?

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How much and we can do 
to change the situation.

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Some of us working in agriculture.
Various institution came together

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we started organization called 
Center for Sustainable Agriculture in 2004

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We started working with farmers,

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telling them, 
"How they can move away from

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the high external input base agriculture 
to low external input based agriculture?"

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It was not easy.

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But what we found is across the country 
there were wonderful experiences.

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But all those experiences were thought
in ideological framework.

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They don't talk to each other.

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There are good things, bad things 
but if they discuss with each other

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it would have been good
but they never talk to each other.

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Main stream institutions 
never worried about them.

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So we brought all practices together.

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Evolved what we called as sustainable 
agricultural practices.

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The first success came in Kulukulla.

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Kulukulla is village in Kamang district
which became completely pesticide free.

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The village which was speinding 60 LPA,
they completely stopped using pesticides.

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(Applause)

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Agriculture minister came.
He said, "Wonderful. What do you want?"

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Farmers said,
"Make Andhra Pradesh pesticide free."

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He was amazed. He said,
"Certainly I'll do. But what do you want?"

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They said,"We are happy with what we have.
But change all the agricultural practices"

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He brought all 
agriculture university scientists of

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department of agriculture together to see
and then make a change.

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They said,"Sir, this is one village
we can't do it. It's not possible."

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Then came Enabavi this is 80 km from here,
compeltely organic village.

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The last three years over 10000 people 
have visited the village to know

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"How they are doing farming?"

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"But this has also not changed anything 
under government."

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But consumers have changed.

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Many people have started understanding
what is good for them.

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This is an advertisement 
which is The Hindu uses for itself.

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This is the village called Dorli.

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Dorli is in Vardha. After Telanagana,
you hear lots of suicide from Vardha.

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In 2005 the village was put up for sale.
Farmers decided, we can't do farming.

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They put up village for sale.

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We went there in 2006 and said
"Can we start working together?"

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Today all of them have repaid their loans.

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All of them are back to farming.

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(Applause)

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It's possible. It's possible. 
It's possible.

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All examples are in front of us.

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We also side by side worked with 
woman self fill groups in Andhra Pradesh.

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These are cover stories of "Down To Earth"
magazine which tracked the whole change.

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We started with 225 acres in 2005.

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Today its 35,00,000 acre in Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana together pesticide free.

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(Applause)

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50% use of pesticide 
in state has come down.

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We were 3rd in country 
in terms of pesticide used

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today we are 20th in the country.

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(Applause)

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This was part of a show on Satyamev Jayate

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some of you might have seen.

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In this show we had interesting discussion


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On the other side was person
who was largest pesticide seller in country

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Towards end Amir Khan asked me a question,

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"I am fully convienced with
what you're saying and what you're doing

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It is possible to do it India. But how to 
convince man who is sitting here?

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I said ask his brother, His brother is 
largest organic exporter in this country.

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(Applause)

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And he said, "Yes."

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That shows people see it as business.

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If they sell pesticide, will sell pesticide
if they sell organic, will sell organic.

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You buy pesticides or 
our organic pesticides

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or certificate from us, saying 
"you haven't used any of these things."

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Farmers are made into consumers.

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But what our consumers are doing?

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Then what we did is we brought 
some consumers in Hyderabad together

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to form a consumer cooperative called
Sahaja Aharam.

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We also brought all farmers together 
to form farmers cooperative

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So that they can market directly.

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Today we've 20 farmer cooperatives

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who produce organically 
and directly sell in the market.

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While many of you worry about 
organic food prices.

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The oraganic Sahaja Aharam prices are 
20% lower than the market prices.

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And 75% of what consumer pays go to farmer.

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In the regular market just 20%
which goes to farmer.

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(Applause)

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What do I see from here?

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I see a ray of hope.

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It's possible.

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If all of us can join together 
we can make a change.

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But it's long way to go 
in terms of Government Policies.

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Still there is serious crisis in agricuture.

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Yesterday you might have seen
about farmer's suicide.

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Today mornings newspaper,
you might have seen.

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Number of farmers are dying.

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It's a responsibility of all of us.

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Business as usual is not an option.

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We need to change as consumers
we need change as farmers

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We all need to come together 
to pressurize government

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to make a change.

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Otherwise, the future is very very glee.

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Thank you.

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(Applause)